Wolfs-Täubling
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Wolf's deaf ( Russula torulosa ) |
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The wolf's deaf or the squat deaf ( Russula torulosa ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . It is a stocky blubber with a purple-violet hat and cream to ocher-colored fins. The moderately hot-tasting, rare deafbling occurs on limestone soils under pine trees.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat 3–8 cm wide, spread out flat and later deepened in the middle. The edge is sharply bent. The hat skin is smooth and has a persistent greasy sheen. It is slightly smeary and dark purple-violet to carmine-red in color. Sometimes it is also marbled green or has an almost blackish center and a lighter reddish edge.
The lamellas are quite close and very even and narrow and not mixed in. They are initially light cream in color and later in color from cream to cloudy ocher yellow. The spore powder is also cream-colored to pale.
The stocky and stocky stem is 3–6 cm long and 1–3 cm wide. It is quite firm, tinged with red to blue-violet and frosted. The stem base is white, rarely almost the entire stem.
The meat is thick and unusually firm. It is white to yellowish, reddish purple under the cap skin. It smells clearly of freshly grated apples and tastes less pungent than the closely related gooseberry blubber . The spiciness develops more slowly and soon fades away, the meat also tastes a bit bitter. The guaiac reaction is slowly positive.
Microscopic features
The obovate spores are 6.7–9 µm long and 5.7–7 µm wide. They are warty to pustular and partly finely networked to burr-like. The 0.6 µm high, hemispherical warts are quite numerous and clearly amyloid . The apiculus measures 1.12–1.25 × 1 µm and the hillock 3 × 2.5 µm. The latter is irregularly shaped and with small warts on the edge and also clearly amyloid.
The basidia are 40–45 µm long and 8–10 µm wide and have four sterigms. The cap skin contains slender hyphae, which are strongly gelled, and a few, hardly noticeable laticifera . The cystids are bulbous to spindle-shaped, 65–150 µm long and 8–12 µm wide. They turn black-gray to golden-brown with sulfovanillin. They are also numerous on the lamellar edge.
The epicutis hyphae are slender, upright and blunt at the tip. They are 2–3.5 µm wide and have short end sections. The pileocystids are cylindrical, large, 4–8.5 µm wide and blunt at the top. They are seldom heady at the top or divided by septa.
Species delimitation
The wolf's deafness can easily be confused with other violet to purple-capped deafnesses from the Sanguinae subsection . Other violet or purple-capped and pungent-tasting deafblings either have white spore powder (representatives of the Atropurpurinae subsection ) or are much smaller and more fragile (deafblings from the Violaceinae subsection ).
- The lemon-leaved blubber is particularly similar , it usually has a slightly longer stem and, although fruity, does not smell of grated apples. Its flesh and lamellas turn pink to reddish with ammonia .
- The gooseberry pigeon is also similar , but it occurs almost exclusively under spruce trees and prefers acidic and also moist soils.
- The very rare dark red gooseberry pigeon can also be found on acidic soils under spruce trees.
ecology
The wolf's pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that almost exclusively enters into a partnership with the Scots pine .
The Täubling can therefore be found under Scots pines on sunny forest edges, on juniper heaths, semi-arid grass or steppe grass. The fungus likes shallow, dry to moderately fresh, base-rich, but nutrient-poor soils over limestone or marl. The fruiting bodies appear from July to early November. The mushroom can be found in the hills and mountains.
distribution
The wolf's deaf is a meridional to temperate species that occurs in the Canaries, North Africa (Morocco), North Asia (Mongolia) and Europe.
The Täubling is very rare in Germany. It is a little more common in southern Germany and Thuringia. The species is completely absent in the lowlands. The Wolfs-Täubling is particularly endangered by the conversion of juniper heaths and south-exposed forest edges over lime as well as by fertilization of its locations. On the red list, the species is listed in the hazard category RL2.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
Within the Firmae section , the wolf's Täubling is placed in the Sanguinae subsection (after Bon ). This subsection combines pungent-tasting pigeons with red to purple hats and cream to ocher-colored spore powder.
Subspecies and varieties
- The hat 4–9 cm wide, ocher to more or less green, with a shiny, hardly removable hat skin and a smooth rim. The lamellae are cream-colored, as is the spore powder. The stem is very short, about half the diameter of the hat. The meat is firm and sharp. The Täubling is found in sandy pine forests.
meaning
The wolf's pigeon is not an edible mushroom.
literature
- Russula torulosa. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed January 14, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 74 .
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 576.
- ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula torulosa. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed January 14, 2011 (French).
- ^ Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 35 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved January 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula torulosa. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 9, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula torulosa. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare :).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 296 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula torulosa. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula torulosa. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: II. Macrofungi associated with conifers in the Taygetos Mountain (Peloponnese). In: Mycotaxon . Vol 83 :, 2002, p. 97-126 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula torulosa. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved October 9, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula torulosa in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula torulosa. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 9, 2012 .
- ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas - Russula torulosa. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
- ↑ Blood, bile and tears. Blades Part 6 - Sharp Cream Spurs. In: The Tintling . No. 96, 5/2015, pp. 19-30.
Web links
- Spore drawing of Russula torulosa. after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- Spore drawing_1 and Spore drawing_2 by Russula torulosa v. fuscorubra. after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula torulosa. Index Fungorum, accessed January 14, 2011 .
- Russula torulosa. In: Russulales News . Russulales News, accessed January 14, 2011 (photo, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula torulosa. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on May 7, 2012 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Wolfs-Täubling).