Xylotrechus stebbingi
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Xylotrechus stebbingi from the Peloponnese |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Xylotrechus stebbingi | ||||||||||||
| Gahan , 1906 |
Xylotrechus stebbingi is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily of Cerambycinae . The genus Xylotrechus is represented in Europe with seven species . The species Xylotrechus stebbingi has been introduced to southern Europe and is expanding its range from there. It is also found in Africa and Australia and comes from the Orient.
Comment on the name
The species was first described in 1906 by Gahan from the Northwest Himalayas and named after EP Stebbing.
The genus name Xylotrechus is from Altgr. ξύλον "xýlon" for "wood" and τρέχω "trecho" for "to run" derived. He refers to the fact that the animals like to run around on lying tree trunks.
Properties of the beetle
  
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| Fig. 1: Left male in top view, middle female in top view, right male underside |
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| Fig. 2: left front view, right side view | |
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| Fig. 3: Head from the front, green arrowhead: keel over eyes, blue arrowhead : furrow between the forehead keel |
Fig. 4: Tarsus of the hind leg, 1,2,3 numbers of the 1st to 3rd tarsal segment, hidden segment in the section of the 3rd tarsal segment |
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| Fig. 5: brown spot on the pronotum |
Fig. 6: light spot on the elytra |
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| Fig. 7: Tinted light spot on the episternum of the metathorax : yellow: edge of the wing covers green: thighs of the middle left leg, blue: splint of the middle left leg, |
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The beetle is usually twelve to eighteen millimeters long and three to five millimeters wide. The female can be easily distinguished from the male by the elongated anal segment (Fig. 1). The brown body is largely covered with gray hair, which creates various color effects. On the neck shield bodies appear to lack of hair as brown spots. (Fig. 5). Conversely effect on the elytra small areas with gray hair a whitish total drawing on a brown background (Fig. 6). A whitish spot on the side of the beetle is already mentioned in the first description. It lies behind the middle pair of legs on the last section of the chest ( episternum of the metathorax ) and is caused by the fact that the hair is particularly thick at this point in the middle of the sparse hair (Fig. 7).
The head is carried lowered almost at right angles. Two longitudinal keels run on the head at a small distance from one another and form a furrow between them (Fig. 3 blue arrowhead on furrow between the keels). They are characteristic of the genus and strongly developed in the Xylotrechus stebbingi . The two keels approach each other forwards. Parallel to this, another longitudinal keel runs over the antenna base on both sides, which continues up to the front edge of the eye (Fig. 3 green arrowhead). The eyes are mostly under the antenna deflection. In the area of the sensor deflection, they are cut out in an almost semicircular shape, the rear part of the eye extends above the height of the sensor deflection (Fig. 2 right). The eleven-segment antennae are shorter than half the length of the body.
The pronotum has four brown spots halfway along its length in a transverse line, two on the side and two on the back. The pronotum is longer than it is wide, broadest behind half its length, little towards the front and clearly narrowed towards the base.
The elytra are pale shiny brown, densely hairy gray at the base. In addition, the hairs form three broadly interrupted and irregular transverse bands, the foremost near the base, the middle just before half the length and the back in the middle between the middle band and the end of the wing-coverts. The end of the wing cover is also hairy gray in a narrow band.
The legs are unusually long (particularly well recognizable in Fig. 2 on the left). The thighs are strongly thickened, the hind legs protrude beyond the tip of the wing covers. The tarsi, like those of most longhorn beetles, appear to be four-limbed, since another limb at the base of the claw limb is barely recognizable in the section of the third tarsal limb. The first limb of the hind tarsi is twice as long as the two following limbs combined (Fig. 4).
biology
The beetle has been reported on various oak species from its area of origin, in Europe it is extremely polyphagous and has been found on a wide range of other deciduous trees ( white mulberry , field elm , various poplars and alders , tanner sumac , fig , walnut , manna ash , Silver birch , plane trees , olives , common robinia , European hop beech , sweet chestnut , stone softsel , European hackberry , tree of the gods ), according to a publication even on conifers ( pines ).
The beetles appear from the end of May to the end of September, but are mainly found on imported mulberries in June and July (1982 Italy, 1995 Greece). The larvae initially feed under the bark in the bast, later in the outer sapwood. Very small specimens (eight millimeters) can develop from thinner branches.
The beetle swarms in the evening, but is also active during the day
It takes a year or two to develop.
distribution
The beetle is native to Asia and occurs there in Afghanistan , Bhutan , India , Nepal , Pakistan , Tajikistan and Tibet . It was probably brought into Europe in wood and is spreading there. It was first reported from Italy in 1982, from Switzerland in the early 1980s and from France in 1993 . In 1995 the species was already known from Slovenia and Croatia , and was first reported from continental Greece , in 1999 from the island of Crete , and in 2002 from Germany. In 2015 a find from Albania was published, also from Spain in 2015 and from Portugal in 2018 . The beetle was also found in Israel, Turkey and Tunisia.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Xylotrechus stebbingi from Fauna Europaea, accessed on Feb. 7, 2020
- ^ A b CJ Gahan: The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma - Coleoptera. Vol. I. (Cerambycidae) London 1906 p. 244, no.274
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ a b Georg Kierdorf-Traut: Notes on the occurrence of the genus Xylotrechus Chevrolat 1864 in South Tyrol (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Gredleriana Vol. 9 (2009) 249-258 Xylotrechus stebbingi pp. 253/5 ff
- ↑ Juan Maestre del Peral, Pablo Bahillo de la Puebla, José Ignacio López-Colón: Nota: Nuevo registro ibérico de Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan 1906 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Arquivos Entomoloxicos ISSN: 1989 - 6581, at www.ladaegaweb.com
- ↑ a b APJA Teunissen: Waarnemingen van Xylotrechus stebbingi in Greece - een Aziatische Waspboktor, the zich in korte tijd heeft verbreid in the Middellandse-Zeegebiet in Entomological Reports 62 (1) februari 2002, Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam p. 57
- ^ W. Dwight Pierce: A manual of dangerous insects likely to be introduced in the United States through inportations US Department of Agriculture Washington 1917 p. 153
- ↑ a b c Yoann Braud, Richard Ramos, Christian Cocquempot: Nouvelles observations de Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906, en Europe, et en Afrique du Nord (Col. Cerambycidae) in Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 107 (5), 2004 p 487
- ↑ a b Gildas Gujet, Pompeu Rahola-Fabre: Premier foyer d'investation de Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan constate en France (Gard) (Col. Cerambycidae Clytini) in Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 109 (1) 2004, 76-77 [1]
- ↑ Ivan Löbl, Ales Smetana (Ed.): Catalog of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 6, Chrysomeloidea p. 183 'Occurrence of Xylotrechus stebbinig in the Google book search
- ^ A b Carolus Holzschuh: Forest pests who have immigrated or were introduced into Austria in the last 50 years at Biology Center Linz / Austria p. 140/12
- ↑ Wolfgang Schedl: Overview of the species diversity of longhorn beetles on the Greek island of Crete. In: Linz Biological Contributions. Volume 45, Issue 1, Linz 2013, pp. 621-641 ( Xylotrechus stebbingi on p. 632, PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ Tibor Kovács: Three longhorn beetles new to the fauna of Albania (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Folia historico-naturalia musei matraensis 2015 39: 53-54 Xylotrechus stebbingi discovery report
- ↑ José Manuel Grosso-Silva: New and interesting beetle (Coleoptera) records from Portugal (7thnote) in ARQUIVOSENTOMOLÓXICOS , 21: 211-216 2019 ISSN 1989-6581 p. 213/3
- ↑ Gianfranco Sama et. al: A new catalog of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Israel with notes on their distribution and host plants in Munis Entomology & Zoology 5 (1), January 2010 Xylotrechus stebbinigi p. 22
- ↑ Hüseyin Özdikmen, Serdar Tezcan: A synopsis of Turkish Xylotrechus Chevrolat, 1860, with a new record, Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan 1906 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) Munis Entomology Zoology. Vol. 6, No 1, January 2011 p. 278/3
