Yin-chang

Yin-Chang, portrait from The China Weekly Review ( Shanghai ), 1925, p. 938

Yin-Chang ( Chinese  廕 昌 ); (* 1859 in the Chinese Empire , † 1928 in Beijing ) was a military and diplomat of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China .

Life

Yin-Chang belonged to the Manchu ethnic group and his family belonged to the White Banner Division . In 1872 he learned the German language on the Guozijian in the Tongwen Guan (Imperial Academy for Western Languages ​​and Sciences) in Beijing.

From 1877 to 1884 he was diplomatic secretary 3rd grade and was employed as a translator in Berlin, studied strategy and married.

In 1884 he translated for a German officer in Beijing. In June 1885, Yin-Chang became a translator for the Tianjin Military Academy, which he later directed.

Feng Guozhang , Chinese President from 1916 to 1918, studied with him. In the winter of 1899 he negotiated and signed a contract for the development of mining in Shandong by railways for companies from the German Empire via Kiautschou .

In 1901 he received command of the Weißbanner garrison as lieutenant general and accompanied Zaifeng on the atonement delegation to Berlin, who left him in Berlin as an envoy in July 1901.

In August 1901 he was accredited as envoy in The Hague . In late 1905 he became Director of the Nobles' College. In September 1906 he was given high command under Admiral Jiangbei. In November 1906 he became deputy chairman of the war junta. In September 1908 he was appointed envoy in Berlin again and held this office from spring 1909 to March 1910. In March 1910 he was appointed chairman of the war junta. In September 1910, Yin-Chang became General Inspector of the Beijing Area Divisions. At the beginning of 1911 he became minister of war and held this office in the government of Yikuang, Prince Qing, who came into office in May 1911, of the Beiyang government .

From October to November 1911 he tried to put down the beginning revolution in Hubei . He was no longer represented in the government of Yuan Shikai .

At the beginning of the Republic of China he was accepted into the foreign service by the counselor and in December 1912 appointed general and headed the military department in the president's office. In May 1914 he was aide-de-camp of Yuan Shikai . In December 1917 he became head of the general staff. In January 1919, he became Xu Shichang's aide-de-camp . In October 1923 he was appointed marshal .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Klaus Mühlhahn, Rule and Resistance in the "Model Colony" Kiautschou, p. 115

predecessor	Office	successor
Lü Haihuan	Chinese envoy in Berlin July 1901 to 1905	Yang Sheng
Yang Sheng	Chinese envoy in Berlin from spring 1909 to March 1910	Liang Chen
Lü Haihuan	Chinese Minister of War from early 1911 to November 1911	Yuan Shikai