Dental binder

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Dental binder
Dental Binder (Cynaeda dentalis)

Dental Binder ( Cynaeda dentalis )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Odontiinae
Genre : Cynaeda
Type : Dental binder
Scientific name
Cynaeda dentalis
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)

The cynaeda dentalis ( Cynaeda dentalis ) is a butterfly from the family of Crambidae . The species is widespread across Europe.

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 21 to 31 millimeters (or a forewing length of 12 to 14 mm). The second generation, however, is a bit smaller on average. The forewings are brownish to greenish-yellowish in color with a peculiar, light, but black-lined, jagged transverse line that jumps back strongly towards the roots at the rear edge. The wing veins running into the tips of the jagged line are usually white or whitish in color in the fringe area. Bristle-like scales that extend from the rear edge of the fore wing in the area of ​​the basal field are very characteristic . The fringes are mostly light / dark piebald, although the light part is usually much wider than the dark part. There is a sexual dimorphism in the coloration: the females are usually a little darker than the males.

The hind wings of the female are brownish in color; in the male the hind wings are somewhat lighter with a transverse serrated line.

The antennae of the males are ciliated briefly, the antennae of the female are even shorter. The palps are stretched out and scaled to a point.

The egg, measuring 0.50 × 0.35 mm, is sub-cylindrical and slightly flattened laterally. It is yellowish at first and then becomes reddish as it develops. The surface has a net-like pattern.

The yellow-greenish to whitish-yellowish caterpillar has a thin, slightly darker topline. In the last stage it is 17 to 18 mm long. The relatively small head and nape of the neck are black, the nape of the neck is divided by a lighter center line. The black warts are arranged in rows.

The pupa is reddish brown and 10 mm (11 to 12 mm) long and 3 mm thick. The head is rounded. The surface is finely cellular, in places also wrinkled. The cremaster is short and wide, the end rounded and provided with two pairs of short, hook-like bristles.

Similar species

The dental binder is similar to two other Cynaeda species: C. gigantea and C. forsteri . The latter species is so far only known from the southern Urals and the Tien Shan. The typical shape of C. dentalis is darker than C. gigantea . However, there is also a lighter form of C. dentalis in the Mediterranean region , which is usually considered a subspecies. But also in Central Europe occasionally lighter forms of C. dentalis occur.

  • the last tooth in the posterior margin of the forewings is longer (towards the outer margin) than the

Tooth further towards the front edge; the tooth is shorter in gigantea and forsteri

  • the lines between the vein ends of the forewings are whitish; in gigantea and forsteri they are brownish
  • the cornutus is absent in the aedeagus of the male; in gigantea there are 2 cornuti, in forsteri there is only one cornutus

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends through the whole of Europe to southern and western Siberia . In the north it extends to the south of Fennoscandia and southern England , in the south the area border stretches from North Africa , across Asia Minor , the Middle East over the Caucasus to Central Asia . The species is also found in Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands.

The species prefers rather dry biotopes on calcareous or sandy soils in the open landscape, if the appropriate host plants are available.

Way of life

In Central Europe the species forms a generation, the moths fly from June to September (July to August). Two generations are formed in the south, here the moths fly from April to June and from August to October. The moths are crepuscular and come to artificial light sources. During the day they usually sit on or near the host plants. The eggs are laid on the host plants individually or in small groups, with the eggs lying close together. The single egg is glued to the substrate. The small caterpillar mines first, later in spring it eats leaves. The minced leaves often expand into blisters or form gall-like swellings. The caterpillar is also found near the base of the stem or freely in a web between the leaves and flowers of the host plants. So far, the following have been identified: common viper head ( Echium vulgare ), Echium gaditanum , ox tongues ( Anchusa spp.), Solder root ( Onosma spp.). The caterpillar overwinters. Pupation takes place in June / July in a firm cocoon in the leaves or stems.

Taxonomy and systematics

The species was first scientifically described in 1775 by Denis and Schiffermüller as Pyralis dentalis . It is the type species of the genus Cynaeda Hübner, 1825 and also of the genus Odontia Duponchel, 1832, which is thus a more recent objective synonym of Cynaeda . The genus Odontia later became the type species of the tribe Odontiini; the name of the tribe remains valid, although the eponymous genus is a more recent synonym.

  • Cynaeda dentalis dentalis , the nominotypical subspecies
  • Cynaeda dentalis dilutalis Lattin, 1959, in the Mediterranean area, lighter than the nominate form
  • Cynaeda dentalis occidentalis Viette, 1958, Cape Verde Islands

Slamka doubts the legitimacy of the ssp. dilutealis , as lighter forms are also known from Central Europe, which are called f. pallida Lattin, 1951.

supporting documents

literature

  • Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany 5th volume The small butterflies of Germany. 222 p., KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart 1933 (p. 66)
  • František Slamka: Pyraloidea of ​​Europe / Pyraloidea Europa (Lepidoptera) Volume 1 Pyralinae, Galleriinae, Epipaschiinae, Cathariinae & Odontiinae . Bratislava 2006, ISBN 80-969052-3-6
  • Ivar Hasenfuss: The Larval systematics of the bulls (Pyralidae). 263 pp., Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
  • František Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe. 2nd partially revised edition. Bratislava 1997, ISBN 80-967540-2-5 .
  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The moths (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae) The moths (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50., VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Slamka (2006: p. 66/7)
  2. ↑ a b Hannemann (1964: p. 300, 302)
  3. ↑ a b c d e M. Huertas Dionisio: Estados inmaturos de Lepidoptera (XXVII). Cuatro especies de la subfamily Odontiinae Guenée, 1854 en Huelva, España (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, 35 (137): 49-65, Madrid, España, 2007 http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/html/455/45513708/45513708.html (link not available)
  4. ↑ Hasenfuss (1960: p. 226)
  5. ↑ a b Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. Linz biological amounts, 33/1: 347-405, Linz 2001 PDF
  6. ↑ picture of the doll
  7. ↑ Nuss, M., B. Landry, F. Vegliante, A. Tränkner, R. Mally, J. Hayden, A. Segerer, H. Li, R. Schouten, MA Solis, T. Trofimova, J. De Prins & W. Speidel 2003–2011: Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ) archive link ( Memento from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Cynaeda dentalis  - collection of images, videos and audio files