Solder roots

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solder roots
Sand solderwort (Onosma arenaria subsp.arenaria)

Sand tornensis ( Onosma arenaria subsp. Arenaria )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Lithospermeae
Genre : Solder roots
Scientific name
Onosma
L.

The solder root ( Onosma ) is a genus of plants from the family of the predatory leaf family (Boraginaceae). You can find them in Europe as in Asia.

description

Onosma frutescens

Lotwurz species are annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plants that are hairy with bristles. The leaves are alternate.

The flowers are in terminal, mostly branched cymes with bracts . The calyx is divided almost to the base and often enlarges after flowering. The crown is colored yellow, whitish or purple, tubular to tubular-bell-shaped and has five short, protruding or folded tips. No scales are formed inside the crown, but there is an annulus near the base. The stamens are enclosed in the crown or protrude from it. The stamens start about halfway up the crown. The anthers are arrow-shaped at the bottom and usually have a protruding connector at the top. The stylus protrudes from the crown, the stigma is heady to two columns.

The Klaus fruit disintegrates into four partial fruits, of which a part usually withered. They are egg-shaped or triangular, pointed or beaked, erect, smooth or warty and have a triangular, flat base.

Onosma echioides subsp. dalmatica
Onosma rigida
Onosma simplicissima
Dalmatian Lotwurz ( Onosma visianii )

Types (selection)

The following species of solderwort occur in Europe:

  • Sand solderwort ( Onosma arenaria Waldst. & Kit. )
  • Onosma austriaca (G.Beck) Fritsch : It is also used as a synonym for Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. tuberculata (Kit.) Rauschert viewed.
  • Onosma bubanii straw : It occurs in Spain.
  • Onosma echioides (L.) L .: It occurs in Italy, Croatia and Sicily.
  • Onosma elegantissima Rech. F. & Goulimy : It occurs in Greece.
  • Onosma erecta Sm . : It occurs in Greece, on Crete and in the Aegean Sea.
  • Onosma euboica Rech. F. : It occurs in Greece.
  • Onosma fastigiata (Braun-Blanq.) Lacaita : It occurs in Spain, France and Italy.
  • Onosma frutescens Lam. : It occurs in Greece, the Aegean Sea, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel.
  • Onosma graeca Boiss. : It occurs in Greece, Crete, the Aegean Sea and Turkey.
  • Swiss Lotwurz ( Onosma helvetica (A. DC.) Boiss. , Syn .: Onosma vaudensis Gremli ): It occurs in France, Italy and Switzerland.
  • Onosma heterophylla Griseb. : It occurs in Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania, Greece, the Aegean Sea and in European and Asian Turkey.
  • Onosma leptantha hero Dr. : It occurs in Greece.
  • Onosma mattirolii Soon. : It occurs in Albania.
  • Onosma montana Sm . : It occurs in Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and in the area of ​​Syria and Lebanon.
  • Onosma polyphylla Ledeb. : It occurs in Europe only in the Crimea.
  • Onosma propontica Azn. : It occurs in the European part of Turkey.
  • Onosma pseudoarenaria Schur (Syn .: Onosma arenaria subsp. Pseudoarenaria (Schur) Jav. ): With nine subspecies:
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. albanica (Dörfl. & Ronniger) Rauschert : It occurs in Albania.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. cinerascens (Braun-Blanq.) Rauschert : It occurs in Italy.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. delphinensis (Braun-Blanq.) P. Fourn. : It occurs in France.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. fallax (Borbás) Rauschert : It occurs in Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. helvetica Rauschert : It occurs in France and Switzerland.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. lucana (Lacaita) Rauschert (Syn .: Onosma lucana Lacaita , Onosma helvetica subsp. lucana (Lacaita) Peruzzi, Aquaro & Cesca ): It occurs in Italy.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. pseudoarenaria : It occurs in Romania.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. tridentina (competition) Braun-Blanq. (Syn .: Onosma tridentina Wettst. ): It occurs in Italy and Croatia.
    • Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. tuberculata (Kit.) Rauschert (Syn .: Onosma helvetica subsp. austriaca (Beck) Teppner , Onosma austriaca (G.Beck) Fritsch ): It occurs in Austria, Hungary and Slovakia.
  • Onosma rhodopaea Velen. : It occurs in Bulgaria and Greece.
  • Onosma rigida Ledeb. : It occurs in Ukraine, Moldova, Greece, Turkey and the Caucasus.
  • Onosma setosa Ledeb. : It occurs in Europe in southern Russia and also in Armenia.
  • Onosma simplicissima L.
  • Onosma stellulata Waldst. & Kit. : It occurs in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Onosma taurica Pall. ex Willd. : It occurs in Bulgaria, in the former Yugoslavia, in Greece, in Romania, in Turkey and in Syria.
  • Onosma taygetea Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Greece.
  • Onosma thracica Velen. : It occurs in Bulgaria and in the European part of Turkey.
  • Onosma tinctoria M. Bieb. : It occurs in the Ukraine, European Russia, the Caucasus and Turkey.
  • Onosma tornensis Jáv. : It occurs in Hungary and Slovakia.
  • Onosma tricerosperma Lag . : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Spain.
  • Dalmatian Lotwurz ( Onosma visianii Clementi )

Some Asian species are:

proof

  1. ↑ a b c RR Mill: Boraginaceae In: AJC Grierson & DG Long (eds.): Flora of Bhutan. Vol. 2 (2). Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, ISBN 1-872291-43-0 , 1999, p. 879
  2. ↑ a b c d PW Ball with the support of H. Riedl: Onosma . In TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 89 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Benito Valdés, 2011: Boraginaceae. : Datasheet Onosma In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ^ A b Onosma in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
  5. ^ Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin: Onosma Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Boraginaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010
  6. ↑ Daniela Albat: Asian medicinal plant against skin cancer? - Active ingredient in solder root drives tumor cells to death , on: scinexx from September 18, 2019
  7. ↑ Nadine Kretschmer, Alexander Deutsch, Christin Durchschein, Beate Rinner, Alexander Stallinger, Juan Carlos Higareda-Almaraz, Marcel Scheideler, Birgit Lohberger, Rudolf Bauer: Comparative Gene Expression Analysis in WM164 Melanoma Cells Revealed That β-β-Dimethylacrylshiconin Leads to ROS Generation , Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Autophagy Induction , at: Molecules 23 (11). October / November 2018, p. 2823, doi: 10.3390 / molecules23112823 , PMC 6278572 (free full text), PMID 30380804

Web links

Commons : Lotwurzen ( Onosma )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files