Sand solder root
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Sand tornensis ( Onosma arenaria subsp. Arenaria ) |
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| Onosma arenaria | ||||||||||||
| Waldst. & Kit. |
The sand lotus ( Onosma arenaria ) is a plant species within the predatory family (Boraginaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The sand solder is a biennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 50 centimeters. All parts of the plant above ground are cloudy green in color and have whitish to yellowish stiff hairs. The stem usually grows individually, it is strong, straight and upright, heavily branched, richly leafed and hairy with short bristles. The adjoining or slightly protruding bristly haired leaves are linear-lanceolate with a width of 1 to 3 centimeters. The bristles sit on bald, often missing bumps.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time is mainly in May and June. The inflorescence is densely hairy, richly branched and has a pyramidal outline. The flowers nod strongly or hang. The hermaphroditic flowers have a double flower envelope . The corolla is 12 to 16 millimeters long, the Onosma arenaria subsp. pennina up to 24 millimeters and is cylindrical-bell-shaped. It is white-yellow in color and can be bald or hairy on the outside.
The calyx is about 15 to 17 millimeters long and has a short stalk. The partial fruits are gray-brown with darker spots, smooth, shiny and 3 to 4 millimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Occurrence and endangerment
Onosma arenaria occurs from eastern and south-eastern France via Switzerland , northern Italy and south-eastern Europe to southern Russia . It is a European-continental floral element . The main distribution area is in Southeast Europe. The sand solder root is very rare in Central Europe . According to its general distribution, Onosma arenaria subsp. arenaria to the Sarmatian floral element. The few occurrences in western Germany are far separated from the main eastern area. The gap between the Mainz deposits and those in Austria or France is about 600 km. Since the recent introduction of humans can be ruled out, the disjoint occurrences are likely to be due to relics, possibly from the tertiary period .
In Switzerland it comes in the subspecies Onosma arenaria subsp. pennina (differentiated from the Onosma arenaria subsp. arenaria by its larger flowers and slimmer growth among other things ) very rarely in Vaud and Valais .
The sand solder is unique and very rare in Germany in the Mainz Basin (Rhineland-Palatinate) and there in the Großer Sand nature reserve . The stock there is estimated at 200 to 300 copies. The sand solder was rated in 1996 in the red list of endangered plant species in Germany with category 1 = threatened with extinction. The sand solder is strictly protected in Germany according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance.
In Austria the sand lotus occurs very rarely only in the Pannonian area of the federal states of Northern Burgenland and Lower Austria (Thermenlinie, Steinfeld) in the colline altitude range . It died out in Vienna and was anointed again . In Austria it is considered to be threatened with extinction.
The sand solder plant grows on steppe lawns, gaps and dry grasslands over soft carbonate rock and in light steppe pine forests. It prefers warm, dry, chalky sand and gravel soils. It is a character species of Jurineo cyanoidis-Koelerietum glaucae from the Association of Sand Steppes (Koelerion glaucae). But it also occurs in the Pyrolo-Pinetum from the association of pine dry forests (Cytiso ruthenici-Pinion sylvestris).
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 683 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Schwabe, Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. 6th edition Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
- Ernst Garcke (first), Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. 23rd edition. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 (former title: Illustrierte Flora von Deutschland ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 783 .
Web links
- Onosma arenaria Waldst. & Kit., Sand solder root. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Sand solder root . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Thomas Meyer: Lotwurz data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Flora of Germany - A Picture Database , Version 3.01.