al-Qazwīnī
Abū Yahyā Zakariyā 'ibn Muhammad al-Qazwīnī ( Persian ابو یحیی زکریاء بن محمد القزوینی, * around 1203 in Qazvin ; † 1283 ) was a Persian physician , astronomer and geographer .
Life
Born in the Persian city of Qazvin as a descendant of Anas ibn Mālik , Zakariya 'ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini served as a legal expert and judge ( Qādī ) in some localities in Persia and in Baghdad . He traveled around Mesopotamia and Syria before finally becoming part of a society sponsored by the governor of Baghdad, Ata al-Mulk Juwaini (died 1283).
Qazwini also dedicated his famous cosmography, written in Arabic, to him, entitled Aja'ib al-machlūqāt wa-gharā'ib al-mawdschūdāt (عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات / 'Miracles of living things and strange things'). This treatise, often illustrated, was very widespread and many copies are still preserved today. It has been translated into Persian and Turkish . Qazwini also wrote about the giant Ūj bin Anaq , an Islamic adaptation of the Amorite king Og . This text is interpreted by some as a futuristic pre-science fiction fairy tale .
Qazwini is also known for his geographic lexicon Āṯār al-bilād wa-aḫbār al-ʿibād (آثار البلاد وأخبار العباد / 'The monuments of the countries and the news about the people'). Both papers reflect extensive reading and knowledge from a wide range of disciplines.
Qazwini also mentions how alchemists known as "swindlers" reported the conversion of metals into gold, about which Qazwini notes that they ruined the development of chemistry as a science by betraying powerful rulers like Imad ad-Din Zengi . As a result, many scholars spoke out against alchemy , which resulted in a general turning away from alchemy and the isolation of chemical science.
Works
- Qazwini's cosmography was published by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld under the title Adscha'ib al-machluqat (Göttingen, 1849) in Arabic and by Alma Giese as a German translation under the title Al-Qazwini, Die Wunder des Himmels und der Erde (Stuttgart / Vienna, 1986) published.
- Qazwini's geographical lexicon Āṯār al-bilād wa-aḫbār al-ʿibād was published by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld in Göttingen in 1848.
literature
- T. Lewick, 'Kazwini' in The Encyclopaedia of Islam , 2nd edition, ed. by HAR Gibbs, B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, CE Bosworth et al., 11 volumes (Leiden: EJ Brill, 1960-2002), 4th volume, pp. 865-867.
- L. Richter-Bernburg, 'al-Qazwini, Zakariyya' ibn Muhammad ', in Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature , ed. by Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey (London: Routledge, 1998), Volume 2, pp. 637-638.
- Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine. US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
- S. Maqbul Ahmad: Al-Qazwini, Zakariya Ibn Muhammad Ibn Mahmud Abu Yahiya , Dictionary of Scientific Biography , Volume 11, pp. 230-233
Web links
- Literature by and about Al-Qazwīnī in the catalog of the German National Library
- Turning the Pages A virtual version of Al-Qazwini's Kitab Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa Gharaib al-Mawjudat, known as "The Cosmography" or "The Wonders of Creation."
- al-Kazwini: The miracles of creation BSB (Cod.arab. 464)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Achmed AW Khammas: The almost complete lack of the element "futurity". In: heise.de . September 1, 2006, accessed July 12, 2016 .
- ↑ M. Th. Houtsma: EJ Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. BRILL, Leiden 1993, ISBN 90-04-09790-2 , p. 1011 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ digitized version
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Qazwīnī, al- |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Qazwini, Abu Yahya Zakariya 'ibn Muhammad al |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Persian doctor, astronomer, geographer and early science fiction writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1203 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Qazvin |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1283 |