Magic fairy tale

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The magic fairy tales or miracle tales form a special sub-genre of stories in the field of fairy tales . The common feature of this most common type of fairy tale is the idea that it is possible to influence reality through magical acts or things. Magical powers, the knowledge of spells , the possession of so-called wishful things play a major role. Both folk tales and art tales belong to this genre .

“But above all, fairy tales are full of the strangest objects that have wonderful abilities. There are tablecloths-you and clubs-out-of-the-sack, bags that are always full and pots and jugs that never run out, coats and hats that make you invisible, swords that cut off all heads on command, drums or knapsacks that make you whole Regiments can come out, hats that, when moved, shoot cannonballs or create a violent frost, ointments that make invulnerable or heal, water that gives health or eternal life, dew that makes the blind see, ships that sail over land and water, Boots that take their wearer seven miles with every step, whistles that summon helpful animals or demons, and other magical and miraculous things in endless abundance. These wonderful objects mostly come from the possession of superhuman beings. The human fairy tale hero receives them as gifts which these demonic figures offer him in a compassionate and helpful manner. Or the demons oppose the hero in a hostile manner, he defeats them in a dangerous battle and thus seizes their wonderful tools. "

Types of magical fairy tales

The classification goes back to Antti Aarne , who was the first to classify folk tales into animal tales , the Schwank and the “actual fairy tale”. The latter type was in turn subdivided into four sub-types by him: magic fairy tales, legend-like fairy tales, novel-like fairy tales and fairy tales of the stupid devil or giant. The magic tales are divided into the following subgroups:

  • Supernatural opponent
  • Supernatural or enchanted spouse (wife) or other relative
  • Supernatural task
  • Supernatural helper
  • Supernatural object
  • Supernatural ability or knowledge
  • Other supernatural moments

The fairy tale lexicon of edition amalia lists over 120 magical fairy tales. The better known include z. B.

Other magical fairy tales can be found in other cultures such as the fairy tales of the Nordic countries or the fairy tales of the Sinti and Roma , some of which were recorded according to the Aarne-Thompson Index of types and which show the connection between European magical fairy tales and those of the Orient. A well-known example of a magical fairy tale from the Orient is Aladin and the magic lamp from Arabian Nights , another from Turkey Allem-Kallem, the magic game .

Examples of magical fairy tales from the genre of art fairy tales are Der Zwerg Nase by Wilhelm Hauff , Der Sturm. A magical tale by William Shakespeare and Klingsor. A magical fairy tale by Friedrich Schnack .

Magic fairy tales in fairy tale research

The Russian fairy tale researcher Vladimir Jakowlewitsch Propp combined the term magic fairy tale with an elastic plot, which comprises a number of a maximum of 31 functions; The storyline begins with a defect, the infliction of damage (robbery, chasing away, etc.) or with the desire to own something, includes trials and struggles of the protagonist to endure, prohibitions and their violation, the encounter with the giver of the magic drug , and ends with the victorious success, the return or arrival of the hero, his marriage and occasionally the accession to the throne. Not all functions are compulsory, but Propp assumes a compositional core that can be based on very many and very different subjects. The only indispensable function Propp mentions is the situation of deficiency or damage that is followed by the removal by magic in the course of the narrative. The 31 functions can be distributed over seven actors: the antagonist, the giver of the magic drug, the helper, the wanted (desired) person, the sender, the hero and the false hero or unhero. Propp referred to the Russian magical tale in his research.

The German fairy tale researcher Walter Scherf emphasizes as a characteristic of magical fairy tales that the unreal and the real are combined, as in dreams, in such a way that nobody is surprised at the leaps and the apparent inconsistencies.

literature

  • Antti Aarne: The magic gifts. A comparative fairy tale investigation. Societé Finno-ougrienne, Helsingfors 1909.
  • Antti Aarne: The Types of the Folk-tale. A classification and bibliography. Translated and enlarged by Stith Thompson. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki 1961.
  • Max Lüthi: fairy tales. 10th edition. Metzler Collection, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-476-20016-7 .
  • Wladimir J. Propp: Morphology of the fairy tale. Russian: Leningrad 1928, German: Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1975, ISBN 3-518-27731-6 .
  • Wladimir J. Propp: The historical roots of the magic fairy tale. Russian: Leningrad 1946, German: Karl Hanser Verlag, Munich / Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-446-14363-7 .
  • Brothers Grimm: Children's and Household Tales. 1957.

credentials

  1. ↑ Friedrich Panzer. Fairy tale. In: Deutsche Volkskunde. Leipzig 1926. edition amalia , accessed on February 15, 2016.
  2. ↑ List of fairy tale types based on Antti Aarne Wikisource , accessed on February 14, 2016.
  3. ↑ Encyclopedia Magic Tales from edition amalia , accessed on February 14, 2016.
  4. ↑ Sabine Lutkat (ed.): Fairy tales . Königsfurt Verlag, Krummwisch bei Kiel 2007, ISBN 978-3-89875-191-9 .
  5. ↑ Heinz Mode ; Milena Hübschmannová (ed.): Gypsy tales from all over the world. Volumes I to IV, Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1983–1985.
  6. ↑ At night fires of the caravan seraglio. Fairy tales and stories of old Turkish nomads. told by Elsa Sophia von Kamphoevener . Second episode, Christian Wegner Verlag, Hamburg 1957, pp. 93-120. [Current edition Rowohlt 1990, ISBN 3-499-12400-9 )
  7. ↑ cf. Max Lüthi : The European folk tale. 11th edition. U. Franke Verlag, Tübingen / Basel 2005, ISBN 3-8252-0312-3 , pp. 118-120.
  8. ↑ Walter Scherf: fairy tale dictionary. Beck-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3-406-39911-8 , p. 6. (Scherf-ML digital library, p. 28)

Web links

Wikisource: Fairy Tales  - Sources and Full Texts