The golden goose

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Illustration by Leonard Leslie Brooke , 1905

The golden goose is a fairy tale ( ATU 571, 513B). It is available in fairy tales of the Grimm at location 64 (KHM 64).

content

The youngest of three sons is despised and is called Dummling. When the eldest goes chopping wood, his mother gives him wine and pancakes. On the way, a gray man wants to eat, but he refuses. At work he hits his arm with an ax. The second son does the same, and hits his leg. At last the youngest is allowed too, only gets ash cake and sour beer, but likes to share with the male. Instead, it shows him an old tree, which he knocks down and finds a golden goose. The three daughters want to get hold of a feather at the innkeeper, the first hanging on it with her hand, the second on her and the third on her. So the stupid just takes them with him. On the way the pastor wants to keep the girls from running after him, gets stuck with the last one, with him the sexton, then two more farmers. At the sight of this chain the king's daughter laughs, who is otherwise so serious that the king promised her to whoever made her laugh. But because the stupid is poor, he still has to bring a man who drinks a wine cellar, then someone who eats a mountain of bread, and finally a ship that sails on water and on land. The stupid looks for the male, finds a thirsty and a hungry man to do the job, also receives the ship, marries and inherits the kingdom.

origin

Illustration by Leonard Leslie Brooke , 1905

Grimm's note notes: "Based on a story from Hessen (perhaps the Hassenpflug family ) and another from Paderbörn (probably the von Haxthausen family )." In the latter, the male gives the dummling a sled, with a bird in front of it. Three girls grab it and get stuck, because the little bird calls out “Kifi”, the stupid “Keifes”, washerwomen beat the girls, pastors and sextons bring holy water. You compare Meier No. 17 The Golden Duck , in Pröhle's Fairy Tales for Young People No. 27, KHM 106 The Poor Miller's Boy and the Kitten , Loki in the younger Edda (“Dams. 51”). Konrad von Würzburg's Engelhard receives three apples from his father, to hand them to strangers and only to take as a friend who gives them back to him, plus Johann Rudolf Wyss folk tales “S. 321 and p. 22 “the note on apple tasting, a folk book by the Pomeranian Kunigunde on the frequent eater and drinker , KHM 71 Sixes come through the whole world , KHM 134 The six servants .

Jacob Grimm's handwritten original version was not fully formulated, but the content already corresponded to the 1st edition, where the text with The Queen Bee , The Three Feathers and The White Dove bears the title Von dem Dummling . It is now embellished with phrases that have remained. The stupid asks what the drinker takes "to heart", the complainant, "what good is a drop in a bucket". He drinks "that his hips ached". Even the first edition ironically mentions the egoism of the oldest son (see also Die Kluge Else ). Only the 2nd edition tells (apparently based on the von Haxthausen family ), how one does not trust the stupid, "through damage you will become wise". The 3rd edition brings small linguistic changes: "The male did not miss the punishment" becomes "the punishment did not fail". The youngest landlord's daughter “didn't understand why she should stay away”, the sexton shouts “don't forget that we still have a baptism today” (previously only “but she didn't understand why” and “today is another baptism”). Whoever makes the king's daughter laugh, she should marry (before and 7th edition: "he" should marry her). "Get on", as if the stupid had a horse with the starving man, becomes "open up". The 5th edition turns “in one day and one night” into “in one day”. The last changes were made for the 6th edition: The father advises the stupid "let yourself go" (before: "let you stay"), the eldest daughter thinks "there will be an opportunity where I can pull out a pen" ( before: "I should and must have a feather"), the wine drinker does not tolerate water and cannot quench his thirst, the eater's stomach remains empty (before: "I don't feel anything in my body"), the stupid should " come sailed.

Cf. KHM 62 The Queen Bee , KHM 63 The three feathers , KHM 64a The white dove , KHM 57 The golden bird , KHM 54 The satchel, the hat and the horn , KHM 97 The water of life , KHM 165 The bird griffin , for Laughing too KHM 7 The good trade , to the treasure under the tree KHM 99 The spirit in the glass , to the banquet KHM 82 De Spielhansl , KHM 87 The poor and the rich , Bechstein's The Three Wishes . Bechstein tells the fairy tale according to a different source than swan, stick on . Cf. Ulrich Jahns Das Märchen vom Himphamp , Wilhelm Buschs Der Schmied und der Pfaffe .

Cf. in Giambattista Basiles Pentameron the frame plot , I, 3 Peruonto , I, 10 The battered old woman , III, 5 The dung beetle, the mouse and the cricket , V, 1 The goose , Aesops goose with the golden eggs .

Fairy tale research

Illustration by Leonard Leslie Brooke , 1905

Grimm's text is the oldest example of fairy tale type AaTh 571, which according to Christine Shojaei Kawan v. a. occurs in Northern and Central Europe as well as Ireland and is very stable. Oral variants often have other magic animals or vehicles and naked girls, pastors and craftsmen in their wake. Connections with other types, here the concluding tasks (AaTh 513), are not the rule. However, due to inconsistencies in the type catalog, other stories of 'making you laugh' were also sorted in this way. The fairy tale perhaps originated from under AaTh 571 with recorded adultery pranks , the oldest is The Tale of the Basyn . The ban on festivities occurs naturally in a wide variety of cultures and contexts, since ancient times as a miracle of punishment and a miracle of salvation in the legends of saints. St. Berach's murderers stick to their spears and they stick to a rock. In the Skáldskaparmál , Loki sticks to Thjazi with a pole and later makes Skadi laugh. According to Kawan, narrators use the comedy for their morale. Ludwig Laistner wanted to trace the fairy tale back to a nightmare legend about catching a mahrte with the help of a given feather. Kawan finds the reference to Sigmund Freud's nudity dream more obvious , which he connects with the emperor's new clothes . W. Ellwanger's essay on the psychoanalysis of situation comedy in fairy tales also refers to AaTh 571.

Walter Scherf notices how a Schwank was dressed up as a fairy tale by means of the usual opening and closing episodes. In the image of the host's daughters who are locked up at night, the erotic sense still shines through. The present text has therefore been played down and given a suitable frame. Wilhelm Grimm made a handwritten note of the name of a former teacher for Drunkards and Eaters. It is an early fairytale adaptation by the Brothers Grimm. The text was left out for the child-friendly small edition . Although the story about the central motif of the magical animal as well as the added motifs of the magical male and the miracle helpers is also a magical fairy tale , the actual core motif is therefore vacillating situation comedy and exposure of greed and lustfulness that have been caught, even if crude elements did not reach the book version. The central scene of the grotesque human chain then perhaps also suggests Die Sieben Schwaben or the Pied Piper of Hameln or simply a carnival parade .

interpretation

Illustration by Otto Ubbelohde , 1909

For Rudolf Meyer , the young man is a seeker for lively spiritual forces that inspire the soul, free it from one-sided intellect and dogmatics, someone who can tell fairy tales, and the wisdom of the imagination works at night. The move is a scandal for the pastor as the bearer of the official spiritual life, but the persecutor could become a successor. For Edzard Storck , the stupid has "a heart to think" ( Lk 10.21  EU , Sir 17.5  EU ), so he receives every help and is constantly examined. The laughter is an expression of astonishment on new, not yet more comprehensible ( 1 Mos 17,17  EU ), the ship to land and water combines physical and spiritual world. Psychological interpretations are lacking, perhaps because the magical fairy tale takes a back seat to the fickle. According to Hedwig von Beit , this is about the integration of the anima into life, since laughter is a human expression. Conversely, a ban on laughing in fairy tales such as The Six Swans serves to distance oneself from the purely human. The homeopath Martin Bomhardt compares the fairy tale with the remedy picture of Aurum .

Receptions

Winsener Schlossplatz with the monument to the Golden Goose
Golden goose on the market square in Weissenburg , 1792

In Janosch's parody, so many girls get stuck with the goose with a view to rich marriage that the boy prefers to stay alone.

The connection between names of inns, such as the Gasthof Zur Goldenen Gans (Pasing), is unclear . There is a sculpture in Klagenfurt am Wörthersee , see Golden Goose (Klagenfurt) .

theatre

  • In summer 2006 the Brothers Grimm Festival Hanau premiered the musical "Die goldene Gans" directed by Marc Urquhart, the book is by Dieter Stegmann , the music by Alexander S. Bermange . There were other pieces The Golden Goose there in 1997 and 2016.
  • The Sandhas'n eV in Neunkirchen am Sand played a fairy tale comedy in the world premiere, stage version and direction by Ralph Langlotz, from December 2013 on from the kleine bühne 70 in Kassel.

Movies

The German feature film Die goldene Gans (1994) by Franz Seitz does not deal with the fairy tale, but with a trivial story.

literature

  • Grimm, brothers. Children's and Household Tales. Last hand edition with the original notes by the Brothers Grimm. With an appendix of all fairy tales and certificates of origin, not published in all editions, published by Heinz Rölleke. Volume 3: Original Notes, Guarantees of Origin, Afterword. P. 126–127, 471. Revised and bibliographically supplemented edition, Stuttgart 1994. (Reclam-Verlag; ISBN 3-15-003193-1 )
  • Heinz Rölleke (Ed.): The oldest fairy tale collection of the Brothers Grimm. Synopsis of the handwritten original version from 1810 and the first prints from 1812. Edited and explained by Heinz Rölleke. Cologny-Geneve 1975 (Fondation Martin Bodmer, Printed in Switzerland), pp. 160-167, 368.
  • Frederic C. Tubach: Ban. In: Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales. Volume 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1977, ISBN 3-11-006781-1 , pp. 1191-1194.
  • Christoph Daxelmüller: Banished. In: Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales. Volume 4. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1984, ISBN 3-11-009566-1 , pp. 1043-1052.
  • Christine Shojaei Kawan: Glue Magic. In: Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales. Volume 7. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1993, ISBN 3-11-013165-X , pp. 1417-1425.
  • Walter Scherf: The fairy tale dictionary. Volume 1. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 978-3-406-51995-6 , pp. 506-509.
  • Hans-Jörg Uther: Handbook to the children's and house fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. de Gruyter, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-019441-8 , pp. 156-158.

Web links

Wikisource: Von dem Dummling (1812)  - Sources and full texts
Wikisource: The Golden Goose  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wyß, Johann Rudolf: Idylls, folk tales and legends from Switzerland. Bern / Leipzig 1815. p. 321.
  2. ↑ Heinz Rölleke (ed.): The oldest fairy tale collection of the Brothers Grimm. Synopsis of the handwritten original version from 1810 and the first prints from 1812. Edited and explained by Heinz Rölleke. Cologny-Geneve 1975 (Fondation Martin Bodmer, Printed in Switzerland), pp. 160-167.
  3. ↑ Christine Shojaei Kawan: Glue Magic. In: Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales. Volume 7. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1993, ISBN 3-11-013165-X , pp. 1417-1425.
  4. ↑ Walter Scherf: The fairy tale dictionary. Volume 1. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 978-3-406-51995-6 , pp. 506-509.
  5. ↑ Heinz Rölleke (ed.): The oldest fairy tale collection of the Brothers Grimm. Synopsis of the handwritten original version from 1810 and the first prints from 1812. Edited and explained by Heinz Rölleke. Cologny-Geneve 1975 (Fondation Martin Bodmer, Printed in Switzerland), p. 368.
  6. ^ Rudolf Meyer: The wisdom of German folk tales. Urachhaus, Stuttgart 1963, pp. 256-259.
  7. ↑ Edzard Storck: Old and new creation in the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Turm Verlag, Bietigheim 1977, ISBN 3-7999-0177-9 , pp. 182, 231, 254, 322-323.
  8. ↑ Hedwig von Beit: Contrast and Renewal in Fairy Tales. Second volume of “Symbolik des Märchen.” 2nd edition. Francke, Bern / Munich 1965, p. 262.
  9. ^ Martin Bomhardt: Symbolic Materia Medica. 3. Edition. Verlag Homeopathie + Symbol, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-9804662-3-X , p. 212.
  10. ↑ Janosch: The golden goose. In: Janosch tells Grimm's fairy tale. Fifty selected fairy tales, retold for today's children. With drawings by Janosch. 8th edition. Beltz and Gelberg, Weinheim and Basel 1983, ISBN 3-407-80213-7 , pp. 215-218.
  11. ↑ kaernten.orf.at: “Golden Goose” landmark stolen , November 29, 2016
  12. ↑ kaernten.orf.at: "Goldene Gans" found in animal shelter in Graz , December 6th, 2016
  13. ^ Festival Hanau - Archive
  14. ↑ www.sandhasn.de
  15. ↑ www.imdb.com/title/tt0326899
  16. ↑ www.imdb.com/title/tt0183126
  17. ↑ www.imdb.com/title/tt3439092