Aarne-Thompson-Uther index

The Aarne – Thompson – Uther – Index ( ATU ) is a classification of fairy tales and Schwank groups founded by Antti Aarne and supplemented and revised by Stith Thompson and Hans-Jörg Uther , which has gained great importance in international and comparative narrative research . Until 2004 it was called the Aarne-Thompson-Index and abbreviated as AaTh .

Emergence

In 1910, Aarne wrote the directory of fairy tale types with the help of experts , which was based on Finnish collections, on the children's and house fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm and on the Danish collection of Svend Grundtvig . The following year he published the book Finnish Fairy Tale Variants. Directory of records collected up to 1908 . In 1927 Thompson published the first extension of the system in an English translation of Aarnes Directory , in 1961 the second with The Types of the Folktale. A classification and bibliography . In it he divided the fairy tale and Schwank groups and assigned them number ranges (AaTh). In 2004, Hans-Jörg Uther of the Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales revised the catalog. Since then he has been called Aarne-Thompson-Uther (ATU).

Meaning and criticism

All major narrative archives in the world are sorted according to this index, e.g. B. in Bloomington , Copenhagen , Marburg , Göttingen and Rostock . To this day, despite the frequent criticism expressed in accusations of Eurocentrism due to the restriction to European variants and also in the fact that other narrative types such as sagas , legends , etc. are excluded, it is internationally binding.

construction

Thompson organized the fairy tale and swan groups and assigned number ranges to them. In the first expansion in 1927, Thompson marked new categories with asterisks. In the second extension by Thompson in 1961, all extensions were made visible by letters after the type numbers. Occasionally, fairy tales were assigned different type numbers than the ones under which they were originally categorized. The German names of Aarne from 1910 are in brackets.

0001– 0299: Animal Tales (animal tales)
0300– 0749: Tales of Magic (magic fairy tale)
0750– 0849: Religious Tales (legendary fairy tales)
0850– 0999: Romantic Tales (story-like fairy tales)
1000–1199: Tales of the Stupid Ogre (fairy tale of the stupid devil / giant)
1200–1999: Jokes and Anecdotes (Schwänke)
2000–2400: Formula Tales (not yet at Aarne)
2401-2500: Unclassified Tales (not yet at Aarne)

Example:

ATU 974 Homecoming of the husband

Type catalog (extract)

Source: * Hans-Jörg Uther: German fairy tale catalog. A list of types. 2015. Waxmann, Münster 2015. ISBN 978-3-8309-3332-8
KHM = Children's and Household Tales by the Brothers Grimm

Animal Tales ATU 1-299

ATU 1-99 wildlife
ATU 100–149 Wildlife and Domestic Animals
ATU 150–199 Man and wild animals
ATU 200-219 pets
ATU 220–299 Other animals and objects

Magic fairy tale ATU 300–749

Supernatural opponents ATU 300–399

ATU 300 The dragon slayer
ATU 300A The fight on the bridge
ATU 301 The three kidnapped princesses (KHM 91 Dat Erdmänneken , KHM 99 The Ghost in the Glass , KHM 106 The Poor Miller's Boy and the Kitten , KHM 166 The Strong Hans , KHM 177 The Messengers of Death )
ATU 301D The ring of the princess
ATU 302 The devil's heart in the egg (KHM 197 The crystal ball )
ATU 302B life depends on the sword
ATU 302C The magic horse
ATU 303 The Twins or Blood Brothers (KHM 60 The Two Brothers , KHM 85 The Gold Children )
ATU 303A Brothers and sisters married
ATU 304 The dangerous night watch (KHM 111 The trained hunter )
ATU 305 Dragon blood as a remedy
ATU 306 The Dancing Shoes (KHM 133 The Dancing Shoes )
ATU 307 The princess in the coffin
ATU 310 Jungfrau im Turm (KHM 12 Rapunzel )
ATU 311 Rescue by the sister (KHM 46 Fitchers Vogel , KHM 66 Häsichenbraut )
ATU 311B rescue through the pocket
ATU 312 Girl Killer (Bluebeard) (KHM 46 Fitchers Vogel )
ATU 312A The rescued girl
ATU 312C The rescued bride
ATU 312D Rescue by the brother
ATU 313 The Magical Escape (KHM 51 Fundevogel , KHM 56 The Dearest Roland , KHM 76 The Carnation , KHM 79 The Water Mermaid , KHM 113 The Two Künigeskinner , KHM 186 The True Bride , KHM 193 The Drummer )
ATU 313E The sister's escape
ATU 314 Goldener (KHM 136 Der Eisenhans )
ATU 314A The Shepherd and the Three Giants
ATU 314A * animal as escape helper
ATU 315 The faithless sister (KHM 60 The Two Brothers , KHM 85 The Gold Children , KHM 121 The King's Son, Who Fears Nothing )

ATU 315A The cannibalist sister

ATU 316 The mermaid in the pond (KHM 181 The mermaid in the pond )

ATU 317 The tree that grows into the sky

ATU 318 The faithless wife

ATU 321 eyes recovered from witch

ATU 322 * Magnetberg attracts everything

ATU 325 The magician and his pupil

ATU 325 * The sorcerer's apprentice

ATU 325 ** magician will be punished

ATU 326 young man wanted to learn to be afraid (KHM 4 fairy tales of one who went out to learn to be afraid )

ATU 326A * Soul saved from torment

ATU 326B * The youth and the corpse

ATU 327 The children and the ogre

ATU 327A Hansel and Gretel (KHM 15 Hansel and Gretel )

ATU 327B The Brothers and the Ogre ( Little Thumble )

ATU 327C The devil carries the hero home in a sack

ATU 327D The Kiddelkaddelkar

ATU 327F The witch and the fisherman boy

ATU 327G The brother at the witch house

ATU 328 The boy is stealing the ogre's treasure

ATU 328A Jack and the Beanstalk

ATU 328 * Three giants with one eye

ATU 328A * Three brothers steal back the sun, moon and star

ATU 329 Hide from the princess (KHM 191 The sea rabbit )

ATU 330 The blacksmith and the devil (KHM 81 Bruder Lustig , KHM 82 De Spielhansl )

ATU 331 The spirit in the bottle

ATU 332 Grim Reaper (KHM 42 Der Herr Gevatter , KHM 44 Der Gevatter Tod )

ATU 332C * Immortality gained by deceiving death

ATU 333 Little Red Riding Hood (KHM 26 Little Red Riding Hood )

ATU 334 Household of the Witch

ATU 335 Heralds of Death

ATU 360 Trade of the three brothers with the devil (KHM 120 The three craft boys )

ATU 361 Bearskin (KHM 101 The Bearskin )

ATU 361 * The wolf with the iron hand

ATU 362 * The devil's kindness

ATU 363 The corpse eater

ATU 365 The dead groom carries his bride away (Lenore)

ATU 366 The man from the gallows

ATU 368C * The death of the cruel stepmother

ATU 369 The young man in search of his lost father

Supernatural or enchanted woman (man) or other relatives ATU 400–459

Ms. ATU 400-424

ATU 400 The man in search of the lost wife (KHM 92 The King of the Golden Mountain , KHM 93 The Raven , KHM 193 The Drummer )

ATU 401A * The soldiers in the enchanted castle

ATU 402 The Animal Bride (KHM 63 The Three Feathers , KHM 106 The Poor Miller's Boy And The Kitten )

ATU 402 * The princess who despised an unloved suitor

ATU 402A * Princess transformed into a toad

ATU 403 The black and the white bride (KHM 13 The three little men in the forest , KHM 89 The goose girl , KHM 135 The white and the black bride )

ATU 403C The bride who is being put under

ATU 404 The blinded bride

ATU 405 Jorinde and Joringel (KHM 69 Jorinde and Joringel , KHM 123 The old woman in the forest )

ATU 406 The cannibal

ATU 407 The girl as a flower (KHM 160 Rätselmärchen )

ATU 408 The three oranges

ATU 409 The girl as a wolf

ATU 409A The girl as a goat

ATU 409A * The girl as a snake

ATU 409B * The promised supernatural wife

ATU 410 Sleeping Beauty (KHM 50 Sleeping Beauty , KHM 163 The Glass Coffin )

ATU 410 * The petrified kingdom

ATU 411 The King and the Lamia

ATU 412 The girl (youth) with a detachable soul in a collar

ATU 413 The stolen clothes

Mann ATU 425-449

ATU 425 The Search for the Lost Husband (KHM 137 De Drei schwatten Princesses )
ATU 425A The beast as a bridegroom (KHM 127 Der Eisenofen )
ATU 425B son of the witch
ATU 425C Beauty and the Beast (KHM 88 The singing, jumping little lion )
ATU 425D The missing husband
ATU 425E The enchanted husband sings lullaby
ATU 425M The snake as a groom
ATU 425 * Offended groom disenchanted
ATU 426 The two girls, the bear and the dwarf (KHM 161 Snow White and Rose Red )
ATU 430's Ass (KHM 144 The donkey )
ATU 431 The House in the Forest (KHM 169 The Forest House )
ATU 432 The prince as a bird (KHM 62 The Queen Bee )
ATU 433B King Lindworm
ATU 434 The stolen jewels
ATU 434 * The diver
ATU 440 Der Froschkönig or the iron Heinrich (KHM 1 Der Froschkönig or the iron Heinrich )
ATU 441 Hans mein Igel (KHM 108 Hans mein Igel )
ATU 442 The old woman in the forest (KHM 123 The old woman in the forest )
ATU 444 * Enchanted Prince disenchanted
ATU 449 Sidi Numan

Brother and sister ATU 450–459

ATU 450 Little Brother and Little Sister (KHM 11 Little Brother and Sister , KHM 13 The Three Little Men in the Forest , KHM 89 The Goose Girl , KHM 141 The Little Lamb and Fish )

ATU 451 girl is looking for his brothers (KHM 9 The twelve brothers , KHM 25 The seven ravens , KHM 49 The six swans , Afanassjew 113 Wilde Schwans )

ATU 452B * The sisters as ox

ATU 459 The believing son (daughter)

Supernatural tasks ATU 460–499

Source: Journal de la Société finno-ougrienne XXVII.

ATU 460A The Journey to God (Fortunately)
ATU 460B The journey in search of happiness
ATU 461 Three hairs from the devil's beard (KHM 29 The devil with the three golden hairs )
ATU 462 The cast out queens and the devil's queen
ATU 465 Man is persecuted because of his beautiful wife
ATU 467 The search for the wonderful flower (jewel)
ATU 470 friends in life and death
ATU 470A The offended skull
ATU 470B The land where nobody dies
ATU 471 The bridge to the Otherworld
ATU 471A The monk and the bird
ATU 475 The man as stoker of the infernal boiler (KHM 100 The devil's sooty brother )
ATU 476 Coal becomes gold
ATU 476 * In the frog's house
ATU 476 ** The midwife in the underworld
ATU 480 The king and the naughty girls
ATU 480A girl and devil in strange house
ATU 480B * Three sisters move out to save their little brother
ATU 480C * Bring white bread to Hell
ATU 480D * Stories of good and naughty girls (KHM 24 Frau Holle )
ATU 485 Borma Jarizhka
ATU 485B * The power of drunkenness

Supernatural helpers ATU 500–559

ATU 500 The name of the supernatural helper (KHM 55 Rumpelstiltskin )

ATU 500 * The monster reveals the riddle

ATU 501 The three old spinners (KHM 14 The three spinners )

ATU 502 Der wilde Mann (KHM 136a De wilde Mann , KHM 136 Der Eisenhans )

ATU 503 The gifts of the small people (KHM 182 The gifts of the small people )

ATU 505 The grateful dead

ATU 506 * Escaped the Prophecy

ATU 507 The Monster's Bride (KHM 133 The Dancing Shoes )

ATU 510 Cinderella and Peau d'Ane

ATU 510A Cinderella (KHM 21 Cinderella )

ATU 510B Peau d'Âne (KHM 65 Allerleirauh )

ATU 510B * The princess in your chest

ATU 511 one-eye, two-eye, three-eye (KHM 130 one-eye , two-eye and three-eye )

ATU 513 The unusual comrades (KHM 134 The six servants )

ATU 513A six go through the whole world (KHM 71 sixes come through the whole world )

ATU 513B The land and water ship (KHM 165 Der Vogel Greif )

ATU 514 The gender swap

ATU 514 ** A young woman disguised as a man who is being courted by the Queen

ATU 515 The shepherd boy

ATU 516 Faithful John (KHM 6 The faithful John )

ATU 516C Amicus and Amelius

ATU 517 The boy who understands the language of birds (KHM 33 The three languages )

ATU 518 men fight for magic things (KHM 197 The crystal ball )

ATU 519 The strong woman as a bride (Brünhilde)

ATU 530 The princess on the Glasberg (KHM 136 Der Eisenhans )

ATU 530A The pig with the golden bristles

ATU 531 The clever horse (KHM 126 Ferenand trü and Ferenand untroubled )

ATU 532 * The magic ox

ATU 533 The talking horse's head (KHM 89 The Goose Girl )

ATU 535 Young of tigers (animals) adopted (KHM 61 Das Bürle )

ATU 537 The escape on the grateful eagle

ATU 540 The dog and the sailor

ATU 545 The cat as a helper

ATU 545A The cat lock

ATU 545B Puss in Boots ( Puss in Boots )

ATU 545A * The magic lock

ATU 545D * The pea king

ATU 546 The clever parrot

ATU 550 Bird, Horse and Princess (KHM 57 The Golden Bird )

ATU 551 Water of Life (KHM 97 The Water of Life )

ATU 552 The girls who married animals (KHM 197 The crystal ball )

ATU 554 The grateful animals (KHM 17 The white snake , KHM 62 The queen bee )

ATU 555 The fisherman and his wife (KHM 19 Von dem Fischer un syner Fru )

ATU 556F * The shepherd in the service of a witch

ATU 559 dung beetle

Magic objects ATU 560–649

ATU 560 The magic ring

ATU 561 Aladin (KHM 116 The blue light )

ATU 562 The spirit in the blue light (KHM 116 The blue light )

ATU 563 The table, the donkey and the stick (KHM 36 little table set yourself, gold donkey and stick out of the sack )

ATU 564 The magic exchange

ATU 565 The Magic Mill (KHM 103 The sweet porridge )

ATU 566 The three magic things and the three wonderful fruits (KHM 54 The satchel, the hat and the horn , KHM 122 The herb donkey )

ATU 567 The magical bird's heart (KHM 60 The Two Brothers , KHM 122 The Krautesel )

ATU 567A The magical bird heart and the separated brothers

ATU 569 The rucksack, the hat and the horn (KHM 54 The satchel, the hat and the horn )

ATU 570 The Rat Herd (KHM 165 The Griffin )

ATU 570A The princess and the magic bowl

ATU 570 * The Pied Piper

ATU 571 "All stay together" (KHM 64 The golden goose )

ATU 571B lovers exposed

ATU 571C The biting doll

ATU 572 * The barking dog's head, The beating ax, and so on

ATU 575 The Prince's Wings

ATU 576 The magic knife

ATU 577 The King's Duties

ATU 580 Loved by women

ATU 585 spindle, shuttle and needle (KHM 188 spindle, shuttle and needle )

ATU 590 The faithless mother (KHM 121 The king's son who is not afraid of anything )

ATU 591 The stealing pot

ATU 592 The Dance in Thorns (KHM 110 The Jew in Thorns )

ATU 593 Fiddevav

ATU 594 The magic bridle

ATU 610 The healing fruits (KHM 165 The Griffin )

ATU 611 The gifts of demons

ATU 612 The three snake leaves (KHM 16 The three snake leaves )

ATU 613 The Two Wanderers (KHM 107 The Two Wanderers )

Supernatural ability or knowledge ATU 650–699

ATU 650A Strong John (KHM 166 The strong Hans )
ATU 650B The search for a strong companion
ATU 650C The youth who bathed in dragon blood
ATU 652 The prince whose wishes always come true (KHM 76 Die Nelke )
ATU 653 The four artful brothers (KHM 129 The four artful brothers )
ATU 653A The rarest thing in the world
ATU 653B The suitors bring the girl to life
ATU 654 The three nimble brothers (KHM 124 The three brothers )
ATU 655 The wise brothers
ATU 660 The Three Doctors (KHM 118 The Three Feldscherer )
ATU 664 * The soldier hypnotizes the host
ATU 665 The man who flew like a bird and swam like a fish
ATU 666 * Hero and Leander
ATU 667 The foster son of the forest spirit (KHM 16 The three snake leaves )
ATU 670 The man who understands animal languages (KHM 17 The white snake )
ATU 670A The woman who understands animal languages
ATU 671 The Three Languages (KHM 33 The Three Languages )
ATU 671D * To die the next day
ATU 671E * A magical boy
ATU 672 The Crown of the Snake (KHM 105 Fairy Tale of the Toad )
ATU 672D The Stone of the Serpent
ATU 672B * Throw out snakes
ATU 672C * Testimony of the snake
ATU 673 The flesh of the white snake (KHM 17 The white snake )
ATU 674 Incest averted by talking animals
ATU 675 The lazy boy
ATU 677 Iron is more valuable than gold (KHM 142 Simeliberg )
ATU 677 * Under the sea
ATU 678 The king transfers his soul to a parrot
ATU 681 Relativity of Time
ATU 682 Meditation on the Trinity

Other supernatural happenings ATU 700-749

ATU 700 Däumling (KHM 37 Daumesdick , KHM 45 Daumerlings Wandering )
ATU 701 The giant toy
ATU 703 * The artificial child
ATU 704 Princess and the Pea
ATU 705A Born from fruit (fish)
ATU 705B Born from knee
ATU 705A * The exiled wife
ATU 706 The girl without hands (KHM 31 The girl without hands )
ATU 706B The chaste nun
ATU 706C The father who wanted to marry his daughter
ATU 706D St. Wilgefortis and her beard
ATU 707 The three golden children (KHM 96 De three Vügelkens )
ATU 708 The child prodigy
ATU 709 Snow White (KHM 53 Snow White )
ATU 709A The sister of nine brothers
ATU 710 The child of our mistress (KHM 3 Marienkind )
ATU 711 The beautiful and the ugly twin sister
ATU 712 Crescentia (KHM 3 Marienkind )
ATU 713 The mother who didn't carry me but nourished me
ATU 715 Halbhahn (KHM 27 The Bremen Town Musicians )
ATU 715A The wonderful rooster
ATU 716 * The unbearable satiety
ATU 720 The juniper tree (KHM 47 Vom Machandelbaum )
ATU 725 Prophecy of future rule (KHM 33 The Three Languages )
ATU 726 The three old men
ATU 729 The merman’s golden ax
ATU 735 The rich and poor man's fate
ATU 735A locked up bad luck
ATU 736 happiness and fortune
ATU 736A The ring of the polycrate
ATU 737 Who will your future husband be?
ATU 737B * The woman who is lucky
ATU 739 * The lucky animal
ATU 740 * The brother (the poor man) wants to hang himself and finds a treasure
ATU 745 hatch-pfennig
ATU 745A The predetermined treasure

Legends and other religious stories ATU 750–849

ATU 750–779 God rewards and punishes
ATU 780–799 The truth comes to light
ATU 800–809 Access to Heaven
ATU 810–826 Promised to the devil
ATU 827-849 other religious stories

Realistic (novella-like) stories ATU 805–999

ATU 850–879 Relationships between Men and Women and Conflict
ATU 880–899 Trials of Loyalty and Innocence
ATU 900–909 The unruly woman
ATU 910–919 Good advice
ATU 920–929 Clever and quick-witted actions or answers
ATU 930–949 Stories of Fate
ATU 950–969 robbers and murderers
ATU 970–999 Other novel-like fairy tales

Tales of the stupid monster (giant, devil) ATU 1000–1199

ATU 1000-1029 employment contract or bet
ATU 1030-1059 Partnership between humans and supernatural beings
ATU 1060–1114 Competition between man and monster
ATU 1115–1199 The man outwits the monster

Schwänke and other humorous stories ATU 1200–1963

ATU 1200–1349 Schildbürgergeschichten (group fools)
ATU 1350–1439 quarrels about married couples
ATU 1440–1524 teasing about young and old women
ATU 1525–1724 teasing about men
ATU 1725–1849 Schwänke about clergy and other church representatives
ATU 1850–1874 teasing about other professions and about ethnic groups
ATU 1875–1965 stories of lies

Chain and formula tales ATU 2000–2300

ATU 2000–2199 Formula fairy tales
ATU 2200-2299 Question Stories
ATU 2300 Endless stories

literature

Antti Aarne: Directory of fairy tale types with the help of specialists. Helsinki 1910 (Folklore Fellows' communications 3).
Antti Aarne: Finnish fairy tale variants. Directory of records collected up to 1908. Hamina 1911 (Folklore Fellows' communications 5).
Antti Aarne, Stith Thompson: The types of the folktale. A classification and bibliography. Helsinki 1961 (Folklore Fellows' communications 184).
Hans-Jörg Uther: The types of international folktales. A classification and bibliography. Based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson. Helsinki 2004.
- Volume 1: Animal tales, tales of magic, religious tales, and realistic tales, with an introduction. ISBN 951-41-0955-4 .
- Volume 2: Tales of stupid ogre, anecdotes and jokes, and formula tales. ISBN 951-41-0961-9 .
- Volume 3: Appendices. ISBN 951-41-0963-5 .
Hans-Jörg Uther: To the new international type catalog. In: Märchenspiegel, November 2004 (pp. 10-14).
Hans-Jörg Uther: German fairy tale catalog. A list of types. 2015. Waxmann, Münster 2015. ISBN 978-3-8309-3332-8

Web links

Wikisource: Motif-Index of Folk-Literature - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

↑ Stith Thompson: The types of the folktale - a classification and bibliography (= Folklore Fellow Communications . Volume 3 ). Helsingin Liikekirjapaino Oy, Helsinki 1961, p. 5-9 .
^ Antti Amatus Aarne: The magic gifts. A comparative fairy tale investigation . Société finno-ougrienne, 1909, urn : nbn: de: hebis: 30-1090208 ( full text in the Google book search). | Comment = Separate reprint from the Journal de la Société finno-ougrienne XXVII.

[1] Stith Thompson: The types of the folktale - a classification and bibliography (= Folklore Fellow Communications . Volume 3 ). Helsingin Liikekirjapaino Oy, Helsinki 1961, p. 5-9 .

[2] Antti Amatus Aarne: The magic gifts. A comparative fairy tale investigation . Société finno-ougrienne, 1909, urn : nbn: de: hebis: 30-1090208 ( full text in the Google book search). | Comment = Separate reprint from the Journal de la Société finno-ougrienne XXVII.