Zawisza Czarny (ship, 1902)

Zawisza Czarny

Model of the Zawisza Czarny in the National Maritime Museum in Gdansk

Ship data flag  Sweden Poland German Empire     other ship names Petrea Harcerz Black hussar Ship type Three-masted gaff schooner , training ship home port Gdynia Owner Zwiaszek Harcerstwa Polskiego Shipyard Holm & Gustafsson, Råå , Sweden Launch 1902 Whereabouts Wrecked in 1947, hull sunk in 1949

Ship dimensions and crew length 30.98 m ( Lüa ) width 8.10 m Draft Max. 3.10 m displacement 470 tons measurement 168 GRT   crew 52 men

Machine system machine Säffle diesel engine Machine performance 80 hp (59 kW) propeller 1

Rigging and rigging Rigging Three-masted gaff schooner Number of masts 3 Number of sails 11 Sail area 432 m²

Others

The Zawisza Czarny was a wooden three-masted gaff schooner built in 1902 , which the Polish scouts initially used briefly under the name Harcerz from 1934 to 1939 before it was given its final name. From 1902 to 1934 he drove as Petrea for a Swedish shipping company. Confiscated by the Germans in 1939 and renamed the Black Hussar , it served as a training ship in the Navy and was scrapped after the Second World War .

Construction and technical data

The wooden three-masted gaff schooner was built as a pure sailing ship in 1902 at the Holm & Gustafsson shipyard in Råå , today a district of Helsingborg in Sweden. More precise information on the construction number, launch or commissioning is not available.

The ship measured 470 tons or 168 GRT and was 30.98 meters long, 8.10 meters wide and 3.10 meters deep. A small Säffle two-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine , installed in 1931, supported the sailor. It produced 80 hp and acted on a screw . The crew consisted of a maximum of 52 men, 5 of them regular crew and a changing number of schoolchildren, young people or students.

history

Swedish freighter Petrea

When it was launched, the schooner was given the name Petrea - also a rare female name in Sweden. The owner of the Petrea was the shipping company AR Råwall in Råå, which is said to have had 28 shareholders as co-owners. She used the ship as a freighter from 1902 to 1934. Further information is not available. In 1931 the shipping company had the auxiliary diesel installed before selling the ship in 1934.

Polish scout ship Zawisza Czarny

In 1934 the Association of Polish Scouts (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego) bought the sailor for 39,000 zlotys to use as a training ship. Before the name was changed to Zawisza Czarny in 1935, the name Harcerz ("Pathfinder") was mentioned again and again in the literature , which can only be assigned for the transfer trip to Poland or Danzig. The conversion was carried out in the winter of 1934/1935 with the substantial help of scouts and students at the Danzig shipyard.

The renaming of the ship in Zawisza Czarny took place on June 29, 1935. The name comes from the Polish knight of the same name Zawisza Czarny , who at the turn of the 14th / 15th. Century lived. Zawisza was a knight at the court of King Władysław II. Jagiełło , died in the battle against the Ottomans and is a symbol of courage in Poland.

The ship's home port was Gdynia . The first and only in command of the sailor was Mariusz Zaruski , who had also suggested the name for the ship. The crew now consisted of a maximum of 52 men, of which up to seven were regular crews. Until the outbreak of the Second World War , the Zawisza Czarny made 16 voyages on the Baltic Sea and North Sea, on which she visited 27 ports in 10 countries. On the day of the christening, the Zawisza Czarny started on her first journey, which lasted until August 13th and led to Copenhagen, London, Antwerp and Amsterdam. On the other voyages, during which she covered around 14,000 nautical miles, the ship visited Visby, Helsinki, Tallinn, Ventspils (Latvia), Karlskrona, Visby, Haapsalu (Estonia), Hanko (Finland), Copenhagen, Gothenburg and Nakskov (Denmark) ).

Sail training ship Schwarzer Husar in the Kriegsmarine

After the invasion and occupation of Poland in September and October 1939, German authorities seized the Zawisza Czarny in Gdynia and assigned the ship to the Navy. The latter had the ship converted into a sailing training ship at the Schichau shipyard in Danzig . However, the time and details of the conversion are unclear.

The name was changed to Black Hussar on November 26, 1940. The origin of the name is derived from the Braunschweigisches Hussar Regiment No. 17 in the run-up to the Wars of Liberation , at the same time there were films of the same name: once a war drama from 1915 and, in particular, a "patriotic" historical film from 1932 , which were named after them.

Only unsecured information is available about the precise use: Whether the Navy used it as a cadet training ship until 1943, made it available to the Navy Hitler Youth for training purposes, or a sequence of these details, requires further clarification. Most of the information has in common that the ship is said to have ceased to be used in 1943 and was becoming increasingly dilapidated.

Whereabouts

After the Second World War, the ship was returned to Poland in 1946. In the meantime, the condition of the wooden ship was so bad that it was scrapped in 1947 - albeit not completely. The hull was sunk in Gdańsk Bay in 1949. In the 90s of the twentieth century, scientists from the National Maritime Museum found the wreck again: the remains are eight meters deep.

See also

Zawisza Czarny (ship, 1952) : the second ship of this name, built in 1952

literature

• Erich Gröner , Dieter Jung, Martin Maass: The German Warships 1815-1945, Vol. 5 Auxiliary Ships II: Hospital Ships, Accommodation Ships, Training Ships, Research Vehicles, Port Service Vehicles , Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Koblenz 1988, ISBN 3-7637-4804-0
• Otmar Schäuffelen, Herbert Böhm: The last great sailing ships , Delius Klasing Verlag, Bielefeld 2010, ISBN 978-3-7688-3191-8

Web links

• Lloyd's of London (1930). Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs : http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30a0160.pdf , accessed March 13, 2017
• http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i (with photos), accessed on March 13, 2017
• http://www.balticwrecks.com/pl/wraki/zawisza-czarny/ , accessed on March 13, 2017
• http://www.zaglowce.ow.pl/polskie/zawisza/index.html , accessed on March 13, 2017

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The year 1901 is incorrectly mentioned in the literature as the year of construction, cf. on the other hand, Lloyd's of London (1930). Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs : http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30a0160.pdf and Gröner, p. 119
2. ↑ Schäuffelen, p. 307, Gröner, p. 119
3. ↑ In addition, lengths of over 32.1 meters ( http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i ) and 37.6 meters ( http://www.balticwrecks .com / pl / wraki / zawisza-czarny / ).
4. ↑ Gröner, p. 120, http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i
5. ^ Lloyd's of London (1930). Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs : http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30a0160.pdf , http://www.zaglowce.ow.pl/polskie/zawisza/index.html
6. ↑ http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i
7. ↑ Schäuffelen, p. 307
8. ↑ http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i
9. ↑ http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i
10. ↑ Gröner, p. 120
11. ↑ http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i , http://www.zaglowce.ow.pl/polskie/zawisza/index.html
12. ↑ Schäuffelen, p. 307
13. ↑ cf. also http://www.balticwrecks.com/pl/wraki/zawisza-czarny/
14. ↑ Gröner, p. 120, Schäuffelen, p. 307
15. ↑ http://www.zeglarze.net/wiedza/artykul/historia-zeglarstwa-sy-zawisza-czarny-i , cf. http://www.balticwrecks.com/pl/wraki/zawisza-czarny/