Zawisza Czarny
Zawisza Czarny von Garbow (German also Sawischa, Sabisch, Sewisch, Zawisch ... der Schwarze, de swarcze, Niger , Polish Zawisza Czarny z Garbowa , Latin Zawissius Niger de Garbow ; * 1379 in Stary Garbów ; † June 12, 1428 in Golubac ) was a famous Polish knight , according to Jan Długosz of German origin at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. Century.
Life
He served the Teutonic Order in Prussia and was one of those who turned down the Teutonic Order. However, he continued to serve the future Emperor Sigismund.
Celebrated since the 19th century as "Zawisza Czarny" from the Sulima noble family in numerous Polish poems and dramas, he is best known for the Battle of Tannenberg . A Polish legend knows the following: When the flag of the Polish kingdom disappeared from the field of vision of the fighters and the Poles therefore panicked and fled, Teutonic Knights sang their triumphant song: " Christ has risen ". This temporary relaxation of the troops in the order made it possible for the Poles to regain the flag, a feat attributed to "Zawisza Czarny".
As a delegate of King Władysław II Jagiełło , he stayed at the European royal courts, where he took part in many knight tournaments. Among other things, he defeated one of the strongest Spanish knights, John of Aragon.
As a participant in a Polish delegation, King Władysław II Jagiełło sent him to the Council of Constance in 1414.
In 1428 he took part in the crusade of the Roman-German King Sigismund of Luxembourg against the Ottomans . During the crossing over the Danube , however , the Hungarian army was attacked on June 12, 1428 and, according to legend, the king and later emperor was saved thanks to Zawisza's courage alone. Zawisza himself had stayed on the right bank of the Danube with the army he led because he had promised not to withdraw (hence the Polish proverb "as if relying on the Zawisza"). Since Zawisza and his army had to defend themselves, they could not cross the Danube. The Hungarian king, who was already safe on the left bank, sent the Zawisza a boat, but the latter stayed on the right bank to protect the rearguard of Sigismund's army.
His head was brought to the Turkish sultan, the body was buried by the Raszians , as the Serbs were called in the Middle Ages.
A memorial plaque was placed in his honor in the Serbian fortress in Golubac. The inscription says:
“In Golubac in 1428 his life was taken by the Turks, the famous Polish knight, symbol of courage and honor, Zawisza Czarny. Glory to the hero! "
Several Polish sports clubs were named after him, the most famous of which is Zawisza Bydgoszcz . Two Polish sailing ships ( Zawisza Czarny (1952) and Zawisza Czarny (1902) ) were also named.
Individual evidence
- ^ Walther Hubatsch: Regesta Historico Diplomatica Ordinis S. Mariae Theutonicum 1198-1525. Register for Pars I and Pars II. , P. 326 (directory of persons). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1965. ISBN 3-525-36017-7 , 9783525360170
- ↑ The contemporary Polish chronicler Jan Długosz attested his German origin: Ex Almania ducens genus, cuius viri animosi et honorum cupidi; inter quos sub nostra etate Zauissius de Garbow, dictus niger, magis excellentia claruit. (in: Jan Długosz: Insignia seu Clenodia regni Poloniae Ioannis Dlugossii . p. 70), which various modern Polish genealogists of the Sulima noble family reject ( Polski Słownik Biograficzny , Tom VI, biography of Zawisza's brother, Farurej Jan z Garbowa; Beata Możejko , Sobiesław Szybkowski, Błażej Śliwiński: Zawisza Czarny z Garbowa herbu Sulima , Gdańsk 2003, Wydawnictwo WiM, p. 136, ISBN 83-918873-4-0 )
- ^ August von Kotzebue : Preussens Older History in the Google Book Search, Riga 1808: Schwarze Sawisch
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zawisza Czarny |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sawischa the Black (German) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish knight |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1379 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Stary Garbów , Poland |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 12, 1428 |
| Place of death | Golubac , Serbia |