Christ is risen

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Melody beginnings of Victimae paschali laudes , Christ is risen and Christ was in death bonds

The Easter song (Oster leise ) Christ is erupt is considered to be the oldest surviving liturgical song in German. It probably comes from the southern German-Austrian cultural area and was sung by the community around 1100 as a German-speaking answer after the elevation of the cross. In 1160 it is mentioned in a binding liturgy order of the Archdiocese of Salzburg (Codex MII6 University Library Salzburg).

description

The song is in close textual and melodic connection with the earlier Easter sequence Victimae laudes paschali of Wipo ( "Burgundy"). The liturgical practice that Christ arose immediately after singing the Victimae paschalis laudes is documented for St. Nikola in Passau in the 12th century and spread from there to neighboring Augustinian canons . Both melodies are set in a similar interval structure in the Doric church key , and both avoid the semitone step between the sixth and seventh degree (b). This gives the melody a special radiance and avoids a semitone step, which would normally be perceived as an expression of suffering.

The song, which originally consisted of just one verse, quickly became popular in the 13th century. The second stanza was added in the 15th century, as was the Hallelujah of the third. Each stanza ends on Kyrieleis in the sense of the quiet usual at the time .

text

Christ has risen
from the torture of all.
We should all be happy for that;
Christ wants to be our consolation.
Kyrieleis.

Had he not arisen,
the world would have passed.
Since he came
into being, everything that is there has been happy.
Kyrieleis.

Alleluia,
alleluia,
alleluia.
We should all be happy for that;
Christ wants to be our consolation.
Kyrieleis.

Reception and impact history

Early changes in poetry prove the song's popularity rose rapidly. An alternative second verse, " Judas is hanged", expresses relaxed joy over the death of the traitor. And at the Council of Constance in 1415 they sang:

Christ is risen,
Pope John is out of the country.
We should all be glad
that we are rid of the villain.

The Viennese lutenist Hans Judenkönig wrote a version of Christ ist erehen (followed by And if he nit erehen ) for the Renaissance lute , published in 1523 in Utilis et compendiaria introductio .

Martin Luther included the song in Klug's hymn book of 1529 (1533), but changed the line in the 2nd stanza from “so happy everything that is there” to “so we praise the father of Jesus Christ”. He wrote about the song: "With time you weary of all songs / But Christ has risen / you have to sing all jar against". Regardless of this, in 1524 he wrote under the heading “Christ is risen mesmerized” as a new poem his own song Christ was in death bands , the text and melody of which is based on Christ has risen and the Easter sequence. "Improved" is not to be understood as a criticism of the original; rather, Luther was concerned with expanding the text to include a sermon-like interpretation.

The text and melody of the song have left many traces in music history, from the Renaissance to Johann Sebastian Bach , Franz Liszt , Carl Orff to the twelve-tone processing by Johann Nepomuk David . It is the epitome of the musical Easter motif.

The chorale was considered the victory hymn of the Teutonic Order and was sung in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410 after the conquest of the Polish Imperial Spaniard.

In 1970, the composer Peter Janssens created his Other Easter song belonging to the genre New Spiritual Song , the melody of which is based on Christ is risen . The text, written by the Swiss theologian Kurt Marti , begins with the lines “That could suit the masters of the world if justice came after death” and turns against a conception of the Christian message of the resurrection as consolation for the afterlife .

Translations

A Danish translation "Christ stod op af døde ..." is in the Danish hymn book Rostock 1529 as a single stanza. It was adopted in the Danish hymn book Ludwig Dietz from 1536 and was included in the modern Danish hymn book Den Danske Salmebog from 2002 as no. 218 (with the note that the stanza was sung in Danish even before the Reformation based on the Latin model "Resurrexit Christ ..." was): "Krist stod op af døde ..." There are other evidence in Danish hymn books since 1528, newly translated in the Danish hymn book Flensburg from 1717 (and edited several times by Nikolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig in 1815, 1837, 1843 and 1845). The Grundtvig arrangement from 1845 found its way into the very popular hymn book of the Danish folk high school movement (compare Volkshochschule / ... in Scandinavia), Højskolesangbogen , 18th edition, Copenhagen 2006, no. 280.

literature

Web links

Commons : Christ is risen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikibooks: Songbook / Christ is erupted  - Notes for the song

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Victimae paschali laudes , Mater Dolorosa Berlin-Lankwitz , accessed on March 19, 2020
  2. ^ Walter Lipphardt: Latin Easter celebrations and Easter games. Part 4 (= editions of German literature from the XVth to XVIIIth centuries. Drama V series). de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1976, ISBN 3-11-006741-2 , pp. 1091–1157 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  3. ↑ Text version in Praise of God (No. 318); In the Evangelical Hymnbook (No. 99) as well as in the Mennonite Hymnal (No. 301), this line reads following Luther's repositioning, so we praise the Father Jesus Christ ; another variant is so we praise the Lord Jesus Christ .
  4. ↑ a b Heinz Rölleke (Hrsg.): Das Volksliederbuch . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1993, ISBN 3-462-02294-6 , pp. 26 .
  5. ↑ Hubert Zanoskar (ed.): Guitar playing of old masters. Original music from the 16th and 17th centuries. Volume 1. B. Schott's Sons, Mainz 1955 (= Edition Schott. Volume 4620), p. 7.
  6. ↑ Siegfried Behrend (Ed.): Old German Lute Music for Guitar (= Old European Lute Music for Guitar. Issue 3). Musikverlag Hans Sikorski, Hamburg 1959 (= Edition Sikorski. No. 525), p. 5.
  7. ↑ Edition C: Luther version 1529 , in the historical-critical songbook of the German Folk Song Archive
  8. ↑ Martin Luther: Tischreden or Colloquia Doct. Mart. Luther's. Urban Gaubisch, Eisleben 1566, p. 590v ( digitized in the Google book search).
  9. ↑ Andreas Marti : 101 - Christ was in death bonds . In: Gerhard Hahn , Jürgen Henkys (Hrsg.): Liederkunde zum Evangelisches Gesangbuch . No. 12 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-50335-0 , p. 56–62 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  10. ↑ Hansjakob Becker : Christ has risen. In: ders. Et al. (Ed.): Geistliches Wunderhorn. 2nd Edition. Ch. H. Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-48094-2 , pp. 29-41, here pp. 40 f.
  11. ↑ Peter Janssens: My songs. Pattloch, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-629-00060-6 , p. 206.
  12. ↑ Peter Bubmann: The "New Spiritual Song" as a medium of expression in religious milieus. In: Zeithistorische Forschungen / Studies in Contemporary History, online edition, 7 (2010), no.3 ( online , accessed on May 27, 2013).
  13. ^ Sermon by President Nikolaus Schneider on Easter Sunday, March 23, 2008 , accessed on May 27, 2013
  14. ↑ Cf. Otto Holzapfel : Lied index: The older German-language popular song tradition ( online version on the Volksmusikarchiv homepage of the Upper Bavaria district ; in PDF format; ongoing updates) with further information.