Cell depletion
The cell depletion (from latin deplere 'empty) refers to the removal of certain cell types from a mixture of cells .
properties
Cell depletions of CD4- positive T cells occur, among other things, in the course of an infection with HIV due to immunopathogenesis against infected CD4-positive cells. Cell depletion can also be used experimentally in vivo or in vitro . The goal is the temporary or permanent removal of a certain cell type from a cell population, be it an organism or a mixture of cells.
Cell depletion in vivo
The depletion in vivo is mostly by infusion of antibodies against a protein on the cell surface achieved z. B. Rituximab to remove CD20 positive B cells . After the antibody has bound to its surface antigen , the cell in question is destroyed by the complement system and invaded and broken down by phagocytes . This cell depletion is temporary in regenerative cells because new cells are constantly being reproduced.
Cell depletion in vitro
Cell depletion in vitro can occur through an enrichment of the desired cell types or through a depletion of the undesired cell types. For enrichment or depletion z. B. FACS , MACS , biopanning or immunoprecipitation are used.
Examples
| Cell type | application | antigen | antibody | Regulatory Affairs | Individual evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD20 positive cells | B-cell lymphoma | CD20 | Rituximab | Yes | |
| Regulatory T cells | Cancer immunotherapy | CD25 | PC61 | No | |
| Senescent cells | Anti aging | p16 Ink4a | AP20187 | No | |
| T lymphocytes | Transplantation , stem cell therapy | polyclonal anti-T cells | polyclonal | No | |
| T helper cells | laboratory | CD4 | No | ||
| Cytotoxic T cells | laboratory | CD8 | No | ||
| Monocytes , macrophages , dendritic cells | laboratory | CD14 | No | ||
| Granulocytes | laboratory | Gr-1 | No | ||
| Erythrocytes | laboratory | Glycophorin A | No | ||
| Leukocytes | laboratory | CD45 | No | ||
| Monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, NK cells | laboratory | CD11b | No |
Applications
Cell depletion is used in, among other things, adoptive cell transfer , vaccine development , stem cell transplants and autoimmune diseases .
Individual evidence
- ↑ AA Okoye, LJ Picker: CD4 (+) T-cell depletion in HIV infection: mechanisms of immunological failure. In: Immunological reviews. Volume 254, number 1, July 2013, pp. 54-64, doi : 10.1111 / imr.12066 , PMID 23772614 , PMC 3729334 (free full text).
- ↑ a b c P. Pateinakis, A. Pyrpasopoulou: CD20 + B cell depletion in systemic autoimmune diseases: common mechanism of inhibition or disease-specific effect on humoral immunity? In: BioMed research international. Volume 2014, 2014, p. 973609, doi : 10.1155 / 2014/973609 , PMID 24791010 , PMC 3985174 (free full text).
- ^ J. Cany, L. Tran, V. Gauttier, JP Judor, G. Vassaux, N. Ferry, S. Conchon: Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: is there a place for regulatory T-lymphocyte depletion? In: Immunotherapy. Volume 3, number 4 Suppl, April 2011, pp. 32-34, doi : 10.2217 / imt.11.29 , PMID 21524167 .
- ↑ JP Bastien, J. Roy, DC Roy: Selective T-cell depletion for haplotype-mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In: Seminars in oncology. Volume 39, Number 6, December 2012, pp. 674-682, doi : 10.1053 / j.seminoncol.2012.09.004 , PMID 23206844 .
- ↑ Darren J. Baker, Bennett G. Childs, Matej Durik, Melinde E. Wijers, Cynthia J. Sieben, Jian Zhong, Rachel A. Saltness, Karthik B. Jeganathan, Grace Casaclang Verzosa, Abdulmohammad Pezeshki, Khashayarsha Khazaie, Jordan D. Miller, Jan M. van Deursen: Naturally occurring p16Ink4a-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan. In: Nature. 2016, doi : 10.1038 / nature16932 .
- ^ YJ Chang, XJ Huang: Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation without T-cell depletion. In: Seminars in oncology. Volume 39, number 6, December 2012, pp. 653-663, doi : 10.1053 / j.seminoncol.2012.09.003 , PMID 23206842 .
- ↑ M. Mohty: Mechanisms of action of antithymocyte globulin: T-cell depletion and beyond. In: Leukemia. Volume 21, Number 7, July 2007, pp. 1387-1394, doi : 10.1038 / sj.leu.2404683 , PMID 17410187 .
- ↑ GS Hobbs, MA Perales: Effects of T-Cell Depletion on Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes in AML Patients. In: Journal of clinical medicine. Volume 4, number 3, 2015, pp. 488-503, doi : 10.3390 / jcm4030488 , PMID 26239251 , PMC 4470141 (free full text).