Pippi Longstocking

The title of this article is ambiguous. See Pippi Longstocking (disambiguation) for other uses.

Inger Nilsson as Pippi Longstocking in the film. 1968

Pippi Longstocking (full name Pippilotta Viktualia Rollgardina Pfefferminz Efraimstochter Longstocking , in Swedish Pippilotta Viktualia Rullgardina Krusmynta Efraimsdotter Långstrump ) is the central character of a three-volume children's book series by the Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren and various adaptations based on it.

Pippi is a confident nine-year-old girl with freckles whose red hair is braided into two ponytails . She combines many qualities that children long for. She has her own horse and monkey, lives alone in her own house, has superhuman strength and experiences adventures with her friends Tommy and Annika.

The Pippi Longstocking books have been translated into 77 languages ​​and (by 2015) distributed 66 million copies. From the late 1960s, the books were filmed with Inger Nilsson .

figure

Surname

Pippi Longstocking is called in the German book edition "Pippilotta Viktualia Rollgardina Peppermint Efraim's daughter Longstocking, daughter of Captain Efraim Longstocking, formerly terror of the seas, now Negro king". In the original Swedish text, Pippilotta Viktualia Rullgardina Krusmynta Efraimsdotter Långstrump, dotter till kapten Efraim Långstrump, fordom havens skräck, numera negerkung .

Pippi's full name is rendered differently in German translations. In the dubbing of a television series , Krusmynta (one of the first names actually meaning mint or spearmint ) was rendered as Schokominza instead of being translated as peppermint in the book . More recent German editions of the books replaced the word "Negerkönig", which was now perceived as discriminatory , with "Südseekönig".

properties

Pippi is a confident nine-year-old girl with freckles whose red hair is braided into two ponytails . She combines many qualities that children long for. She has her own horse and monkey, lives alone in her own house and is very brave. Pippi is also the strongest girl in the world. When the two of them meet, she and her father do various tests of strength and at a party, for example, she lifts her horse on which her friends Tommy and Annika are sitting. Another time she defeats a wrestler in the circus. Since Pippi lives alone without her parents, she can do whatever she wants. Because she has a suitcase full of gold pieces, she is also completely independent materially.

Pippi likes to tell about extraordinary events that she claims to have experienced on her travels with her father and with which she often justifies her non-conformist behavior. So in Egypt all people are supposed to walk backwards and in India even on their hands. However, as she herself sometimes admits, these bizarre stories stem from her wild imagination. Pippi often gets into trouble with adults - she defies two police officers who want to take her to a children's home - and regularly causes chaos: During an invitation to a coffee party, she sprinkles sugar on the floor, walks barefoot on it and dips her face in the cake . However, she always remains friendly, uses her superhuman strength only in emergencies and very carefully against others and shows a mature, child-untypical sense of responsibility.

origin story

Inger Nilsson with shipowner Sten A. Olsson in front of the Stena Danica , 1969

Astrid Lindgren wrote in her childhood autobiography , The Vanished Country , that in the winter of 1941 her then seven-year-old daughter Karin invented the name of the character Pippi Longstocking. The girl, who often made up names, lay in bed with pneumonia and asked her mother: "Tell me about Pippi Longstocking." Astrid Lindgren, who originally had no intention of becoming a writer, only wrote down the story in March 1944 , when she had to lie down herself as a result of a sprained foot. On Karin's tenth birthday on May 21, 1944, she gave her the manuscript.

She sent the carbon copy of the manuscript to the Swedish publisher Bonnier , who declined to publish it. After winning second prize in a competition organized by the publishers Rabén & Sjögren with her book Britt-Mari lättar sitt hjärta in 1944 , she revised the text by Pippi Longstocking and thus won another publisher's competition in 1945 . He accepted the book on September 13, 1945 for publication, which took place on November 26, and later published many of Lindgren's other works. The first Pippi drawing was also made by the author herself. Ingrid Vang Nyman created the illustrations . The first German Pippi Longstocking book was later illustrated by Walter Scharnweber .

The manuscript of the original text was published in 2007 on the occasion of the author's hundredth birthday under the title Ur-Pippi .

novels

Pippi Longstocking

Villa Kunterbunt from Olle Hellbom's films at Kneippbyn amusement park on Gotland
57° 36' 36"  N , 18° 14' 38"  E

Pippi Longstocking (Pippi Långstrump, 1945, German 1949): Pippi Longstocking lives together with her monkey (in the film: Squirrel Monkey ) Mr. Nilsson and her dapple gray (in the film the horse is called Little Uncle , Swedish pet name lilla gubben , which means something like " little guy") at Villa Kunterbunt (Swedish: Villa Villekulla ) on the outskirts of a small, unnamed town. According to her account, her mother is dead and her father is king on a South Sea island . In their neighborhood live the two children Thomas (in the original and newer translations Tommy) and Annika Settergren, who accompany Pippi on her adventures.

The book has eleven chapters; each contains one or two standalone adventures. The events are taken from the world of children, but end unusually because of Pippi's unconventional nature and her enormous powers.

Pippi Longstocking goes on board

Pippi Longstocking goes on board (Pippi Långstrump går ombord, 1946, German 1950): As in the first book, the nine chapters are very independent and are only loosely connected. The world becomes more exotic when the father visits, because he really has become king on a South Sea island.

After Pippi has found her father again, she wants to go on a long journey with him. But for that she would have to leave Tommy and Annika. Her best friends are deeply saddened by the upcoming breakup. Pippi decides to stay with them and disembarks again. After that, the three children can experience new adventures again.

Pippi in Taka-Tuka-Land

Pippi in Taka-Tuka-Land (Pippi Långstrump i Söderhavet, 1948, German 1951): In the first four of the eleven chapters of the book, Pippi continues to make the adult world in her town unsafe until she receives a letter from her father. He asks her to come to him on the island of Taka-Tuka-Land (Swedish: Kurrekurreduttö ). There she has a lot of fun together with Tommy, Annika and the children there. Only a shark and two pirates cause trouble. In the last chapter she is back in Villa Kunterbunt and fulfills a dream for herself, Tommy and Annika: The magic pill Krummelus (Swedish: Krumelur ) against growing up.

edits

Apart from the three original books, Lindgren has written the texts for three picture books about Pippi, also illustrated by Ingrid Vang Nyman . There are also a large number of picture books whose text consists only of chapter excerpts from the novels.

The Swedish audiobook version was voiced by Lindgren himself. The film adaptation by Olle Hellbom with the actress Inger Nilsson in the leading role consistently implements the novel. These films have had such a lasting impact on the image of Pippi that some changes have been wrongly attributed to the original. The name of the horse ( Little Uncle ) and Mr. Nilsson's genus ( Squirrel Monkey ) are particularly striking . In addition, Pippi has the first name Schokominza there instead of peppermint.

The film adaptation of Pippi in Taka-Tuka-Land breaks away from the literary original and tells an independent story. The journey to the South Seas and the confrontation with the pirates are emphasized here, while the book, like the first two volumes, strings together several episodes.

There are other edits to the template; none of them could connect to the success of these films. Astrid Lindgren agreed to make an animated series in the 1990s.

Movie

Inger Nilsson as Pippi (1972)

Films with Inger Nilsson

Inger Nilsson on Pippi's horse, 1972

Directed by Olle Hellbom

• Pippi Longstocking ( Pippi Långstrump , German-Swedish TV series, 1969)
• Pippi Longstocking (cinema film, 1969, German compilation from the series)
• Pippi goes overboard (movie, 1969, German compilation from the series)
• Pippi in Taka-Tuka-Land ( Pippi Långstrump på de sju haven , feature film, 1970)
• Pippi out of control ( På rymmen med Pippi Långstrump , feature film, 1970)
• Here comes Pippi Longstocking ( Här kommer Pippi Långstrump , feature film, 1973, Swedish compilation from the series, was first shown in Germany in 1987 at the Nordic Film Days in Lübeck )

Other films

• Pippi Longstocking (1949) , Sweden, 1949; Directed by Per Gunvall
• Pippi Longstocking (1961) : Pippi's story was first made into a US film in 1961 for the television series Shirley Temple's Storybook . The screenplay was written by William Crewson and starred Gina Gillespie (Pippi), Gregory Irvin (Tommy) and Kelly Smith (Annika). Although Shirley Temple is the namesake of the series, she does not have a role in every episode. In 1961 she was already 33 and therefore too old for at least one of the leading roles.
• Peppi Dlinnychulok , Soviet Union, 1982; Director: Margarita Mikaelyan
• Pippi Longstocking's Latest Pranks , Sweden/USA, 1988, directed by Ken Annakin
• Pippi Longstocking (animated series and feature film, Canada, 1997); Directed by Michael Schaack
• Pippi Longstocking in the South Seas , 1999, cartoon

plays

In the 1940s and 1960s Astrid Lindgren wrote the screenplays for two plays about Pippi Longstocking: Pippi Longstocking's Adventures: Comedy for Children in Four Acts ( Pippi Långstrumps liv och leverne ) and Jul hos Pippi Långstrump ( Christmas at Pippi Longstocking 's ). Lindgren's friend Elsa Olenius directed the works. Jul hos Pippi Långstrump has not been translated into German.

radio plays

From the 1940s to the 1960s, Astrid Lindgren wrote several screenplays for radio plays, such as Rasmus and the Tramp . In 1952, together with the radio producer Gösta Knutsson , she also wrote a short radio play about Pippi Longstocking. It was titled Pelles och Pippis Karusell (literally: Pelles and Pippi's Carousel). The radio play was broadcast on April 5, 1952 by the radio station Karusellen. Pelles och Pippi's Carousel was also published in print. The four-page radio play script appeared in 1952 in the sixth edition of the magazine Hörde Ni . This radio play has not been set to music in German-speaking countries. However, there are some radio plays about the well-known Pippi Longstocking stories and film adaptations.

"Pippi" in West and East Germany

In 1949, with special permission from the British military government , Friedrich Oetinger traveled to Stockholm to speak to Lindgren about the rights to the children's book Pippi Longstocking. He then published the book in West Germany, while it had been controversial in Sweden and previously rejected by five other German publishers. Since Oetinger later also published all other Lindgren books, the publisher paved the way for Scandinavian children's literature in the Federal Republic of Germany . To this day, the German editions of her works are published by Friedrich Oetinger Verlag .

In the GDR , four Lindgren books were published by Kinderbuchverlag Berlin : 1960 Mio, mein Mio , 1971 Lillebror und Karlsson vom Dach , 1975 Pippi Longstocking and 1988 Ronja Räubertochter . Pippi Longstocking was published in paperback in several editions. After 1989, the other Pippi books – as well as the other titles by Lindgren – were also available there, which initially met with a higher demand.

background

Like most of her other stories, the stories are partly based on Astrid Lindgren's own experiences or the stories she heard as a child. So the game "Don't touch the ground" that Pippi plays with Tommy and Annika one day is a game from Lindgren's own childhood.

The text of Pippi's message in a bottle was written by Astrid Lindgren's brother Gunnar Ericsson and his two cousins. For a while they lived on a small island like Robinson Crusoe . They wrote a message in a bottle with the message: "For two days without schnapps and snuff, we are languishing on this island". Astrid Lindgren's grandmother discovered the message in a bottle and didn't like the text at all. Astrid Lindgren later used this spell for Pippi Longstocking, but left out the word Schnaps . Lindgren's brother Gunnar was also the one who encouraged the Ericsson siblings to look for things. Pippi later became a finder of things too.

The lemonade tree that Pippi, Tommy and Annika find lemonade in is based on a tree from Astrid Lindgren's childhood, an old elm tree on Näs that Lindgren and her siblings called "Owl Tree".

Pippi's freckles and red hair came from a friend of Lindgren's daughter Karin. In addition, a young girl spent the summers in Furusund, where the Ericsson family's summer home was located. This one had a horse that was tied to the porch like Pippi's little uncle .

reception

Rose variety 'Pippi Långstrump' , Poulsen, 1989

Even in the present, Pippi is still a household name - Stencil in Munich, 2016

Pippi Longstocking is considered a literary role model for the women's movement and feminism , as it shows a girl who, contrary to traditional role models , breaks with her socially prescribed gender role and is "strong, daring, uninhibited, funny, rebellious and unimpressed by authorities". The book "encouraged generations of girls to have fun and believe in their own abilities."

Due to Pippi's rebellious and non-conformist behavior and her dealings with authorities, she is occasionally ascribed anarchist traits, and accordingly she is also a point of reference for anarchist currents. "A raggedy snotty brat with razor-red pigtails who lives in a ramshackle mansion and ignores all authorities! Pippi is an autonomist and anarchist long before the year 1968 had any meaning; she is also often referred to as the inventor of punk – 40 years before the Sex Pistols .”

A rose variety was named after Pippi Longstocking in 1989. The Swiss artist Pipilotti Rist chose her stage name after the character of Pippi Longstocking.

criticism

Since the 1970s there have been accusations of racism because of the depiction of black people in children's books, including Pippi Longstocking. The fact that black children throw themselves at Pippi's feet during a visit to Africa was interpreted as colonial manners - although Pippi immediately stops this kind of worship by throwing herself on the ground and declaring the whole thing to be a game. In 2009, the text of the German edition was revised and the terms " Negro " and " Zigeuner " were removed. Pippi's father was renamed South Sea King from the Negro King of the original 1945 edition . In a survey by the Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach for the FAZ in May 2019, 75% of those questioned were in favor of keeping the original version Negro King . In the GDR, the term had already been replaced by King of the Takatukans . Astrid Lindgren had forbidden such editing during his lifetime.

philatelic

After Pippi Longstocking has already served as a motif on many postage stamps, she has been depicted alongside Astrid Lindgren on the Swedish 20-krona banknote since October 2015.

On June 13, 2001, a surcharge stamp from the Deutsche Post from the For the Youth series was issued with a value of 100 + 50 pfennigs/0.51 + 0.26 € with a picture of Pippi Longstocking. With the first issue date of December 5, 2019, Deutsche Post AG issued a postage stamp with a nominal value of 80 euro cents with the picture of Pippi and her horse in the series Heroes of Childhood . The design was created by the graphic artist Jennifer Dengler from Bonn.

expenditure

Books

novels

• Pippi Langstrump . Rabén & Sjögren , Stockholm 1945, ISBN 91-29-65747-4 ; Illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman . German: Pippi Longstocking . Friedrich Oetinger publishing house , Hamburg 1949, 2008, ISBN 3-7891-4161-5 ; Translation: Cäcilie Heinig, cover and illustrations by Walter Scharnweber.
• Pippi Langstrump går ombord . Rabén & Sjogren , Stockholm 1946, 91-29-65750-4; Illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman ; English: Pippi Longstocking goes on board . Friedrich Oetinger publishing house , Hamburg 1950, 2007, ISBN 3-7891-4163-1 ; Translation: Cäcilie Heinig, cover and illustrations by Walter Scharnweber.
• Pippi Langstrump in Söderhavet . Rabén & Sjögren , Stockholm 1948, ISBN 91-29-65752-0 ; Illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman ; English: Pippi Longstocking in the South Seas . Friedrich Oetinger publishing house , Hamburg 1951; Translation: Cäcilie Heinig, cover and illustrations by Walter Scharnweber.
• Great Pippi. Original manuscript by Astrid Lindgren; med förord ​​by Karin Nyman and commentary by Ulla Lundqvist , Stockholm, Rabén & Sjögren 2007, ISBN 978-91-29-66662-5 ; German: Ur-Pippi . Verlag Friedrich Oetinger , Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7891-4159-1 .

Stand alone short stories

• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi in the Park (Pippi i Humlegården), Illustrated by Ingrid Nyman, Oetinger, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 978-3-7891-6828-4 .
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Longstocking celebrates Christmas (Pippi Långstrump firar jul), Illustrated by Katrin Engelking; Illustrated in the Swedish original by Ingrid Nyman, Oetinger, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 978-3-7891-6823-9 .
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi plunders the Christmas tree (Pippi har julgransplundring), Illustrated by Katrin Engelking or Rolf Rettich; Illustrated in the Swedish original by Ingrid Nyman, Oetinger, Hamburg, ISBN 978-3-7891-0731-3 .
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi out of bounds ( På rymmen med Pippi Långstrump ), 1971 (photo book) & 2020 (illustrated new edition by Fabian Göranson ), Oetinger, Hamburg, ISBN 978-3-7891-2232-3 (photo book) & ISBN 978 -3-7891-1488-5 (illustrated edition)
• Astrid Lindgren: The robber Assar Bubbla: Or there was almost no book about Pippi Longstocking ( Assar Bubbla ), 1988, Illustrated by Marika Delin, Oetinger, Hamburg, ISBN 978-3-7891-1857-9
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Långstrump delar ut Solkulor , 1949 (12-page short story about Pippi Longstocking, commissioned work: advertising story for a vitamin supplement), illustrated by Ingrid Vang Nyman, was not translated into German.

Synopsis of their stories written by Astrid Lindgren

• Astrid Lindgren: Do you know Pippi Longstocking? ( Känner du Pippi Långstrump?, 1947, German 1961, summarized by Astrid Lindgren from the Pippi Longstocking novel for younger children, illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman )

Independent plays

• Astrid Lindgren: Pjäser för barn och ungdom - andra samlingen [contains six children's plays by Lindgren, including also: Jul hos Pippi Långstrump (literally: Christmas at Pippi Longstocking 's), a Pippi Longstocking story not otherwise found in any of her other books and not translated into German], Rabén & Sjögren: 1968.

comics

• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi moves in ( Pippi flyttar in , 1969, German 1971), illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman , ISBN 978-3-7891-5430-0
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi rules everything ( Pippi ordnar allt , 1969, German 1970), illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman , ISBN 978-3-7891-5431-7
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi is the Strongest ( Pippi är starkast i världen , 1969, German 1971), illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman , ISBN 978-3-7891-5432-4
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi gives a feast ( Pippi håller kalas , 1970, German 1971), illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman , ISBN 978-3-7891-5433-1
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi drives to the sea ( Pippi går till sjöss , 1971, German 1972), illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman , ISBN 978-3-7891-5398-3
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi doesn't want to grow up ( Pippi vill inte bli stor , 1971, German 1972), illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman , ISBN 978-3-7891-5399-0

total expenses

• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Longstocking. (Original title Pippi Långstrump, Pippi Långstrump går om bord, Pippi Långstrump i Söderhavet ) Translated from the Swedish by Cäcilie Heinig. With pictures by Rolf Radish. Friedrich Oetinger publishing house, Hamburg 1969, ISBN 3-7891-2930-6 . (includes: Pippi in Villa Kunterbunt , Pippi Boards, and Pippi in Taka-Tuka-Land ).
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Longstocking . Anniversary edition 100 years Astrid Lindgren, Oetinger, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7891-4098-3 . (includes: Pippi Longstocking , Pippi Longstocking Goes On Board , and Pippi Longstocking in the South Seas ).
• Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Longstocking. Der Comic (German 2015), contains: Pippi moves in , Pippi is the strongest , Pippi arranges everything , Pippi gives a party , Pippi doesn't want to grow up , Pippi goes to sea , illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman , ISBN 978-3-7891 -4190-4

audio books

• Pippi Longstocking , read by Heike Makatsch. 3 CDs. Oetinger Audio. Unabridged reading. ISBN 978-3-7891-0340-7 .
• Pippi Longstocking goes on board , read by Heike Makatsch. 3 CDs. Oetinger Audio. Unabridged reading. ISBN 978-3-8373-0370-4 .
• Pippi in Taka-Tuka-Land read by Heike Makatsch. 3 CDs. Oetinger Audio. Unabridged reading. ISBN 978-3-8373-0369-8 .
• Pippi plunders the Christmas tree , read by Ursula Illert. 1 disc. Oetinger Audio. Unabridged reading. ISBN 978-3-8373-1017-7 .

literature

• Astrid Lindgren: The Vanished Land . Hamburg 1977, ISBN 3-7891-1940-7 .
• Ulla Lundqvist: Ur-Pippi: Pippi Långstrumps väg från första manuscriptet ut till kritik och publik . Avdelningen för Litteratursociologi vid Litteraturvetenskapliga Institutions, Uppsala 1974 (Litteratur och samhälle 10, 5).
• Joakim Langer, Helena Regius, Nike K. Müller: Pippi and the King. In the footsteps of Efraim Longstocking . List, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-548-60563-X (on the trail of the historical model for Efraim Longstocking).
• Inge Wild: The completely different girl. Reflections on Astrid Lindgren's classic children's book "Pippi Longstocking" . In: Renate Möhrmann (ed.): rebellious - desperate - infamous. The Bad Girl as an Aesthetic Figure . Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89528-875-3 , pp. 23–44.

web links

Commons : Pippi Longstocking  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Astrid Lindgren , Official Website
• Astrid-Lindgren-Page of the Oetinger-Verlag
• "Great Pippi" with a penchant for robber pistols . In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 21, 2007
• Frank Zirpins: Pippi Longstocking, first publication (on November 26, 1945)  In: Zeitzeichen  on WDR 5 of November 26, 2020,  ARD Audiothek , retrieved on July 20, 2021. 

itemizations

1. ↑ Astrid Lindgren's daughter Karin Nyman on Pippi Longstocking's 70th birthday . In: Badische Zeitung , September 10, 2015
2. ↑ Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Longstocking. (Original title Pippi Långstrump, Pippi Långstrump går om bord, Pippi Långstrump i Söderhavet ) Translated from the Swedish by Cäcilie Heinig. With pictures by Rolf Radish. Verlag Friedrich Oetinger, Hamburg 1969, ISBN 3-7891-2930-5 (includes: Pippi in the Villa Kunterbunt , Pippi goes on board and Pippi in Taka-Tuka-Land ), chapter Pippi goes to school , p. 43.
3. ↑ Gabriele Rodríguez: Names make the man. How first names affect our lives. Complete media, Grünwald 2017, ISBN 978-3-8312-5794-2 , p. 121.
4. ↑ Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Langstrump. Rabén & Sjögren, Stockholm 2004, chapter Pippi börjar skolan , p. 43.
5. ↑ Wiebke Boden: Pippi Longstocking - a didactic analysis . GRIN, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-74783-7 , p. 4.
6. ↑ Pippi Långstrump , Chapter Pippi Långstrump flyttar in i Villa Villekulla , p. 5 ff.
7. ↑ Astrid Lindgren: The Vanished Country . Hamburg 1977, p. 74: "In 1941 my daughter Karin was sick in bed and one day she said: 'Tell me something about Pippi Longstocking.' It was a name that had flashed through her fevered head at that very moment.”
8. ↑ Astrid Lindgren - "Mama, tell me about Pippi Longstocking". In: sueddeutsche.de . 17 May 2010, retrieved 18 August 2016 . 
9. ↑ Lindgren: The Vanished Land , p. 74: "[...] and I did not consider myself qualified to let the stack of books grow any higher."
10. ↑ Lindgren: The Vanished Land , p. 74: "I fell down, sprained my ankle, had to lie down and had nothing to do. What are you doing there? Maybe write a book? I wrote Pippi Longstocking."
11. ↑ Astrid Lindgren: Astrid Lindgren about Astrid Lindgren. From: Oetinger Almanac "Give us books, give us wings" No. 15 (1977). Quoted from astrid-lindgren.de .
12. ↑ Lena Schilder: The Pippi principle. Pippi Longstocking turns 65. In: Süddeutsche Online. 13 September 2010, retrieved 13 September 2010 . 
13. ↑ Salzburger Nachrichten: Sweden celebrates: "Pippi Longstocking" turns 70. Retrieved on May 21, 2020 . 
14. ↑ Pippi Langstrump . Chapter Pippi flyttar in i Villa Villekulla , p. 10: ” Det var en liten markatta, klädd i blå byxor, gul jacka och vit halmhatt. ” (English: “It was a small monkey that was dressed in blue trousers, a yellow jacket and a white straw hat.”)
15. ↑ Astrid Lindgren: Pippi Longstocking . Verlag Friedrich Oettinger, Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-7891-2944-5 , p. 11 onwards _ (Swedish: Pippi Långstrump . Translated by Cäcilie Heinig).
16. ↑ Astrid Lindgren: Ur-Pippi . Verlag Friedrich Oettinger, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7891-4159-1 , p. 14 onwards _ (Swedish: Ur-Pippi . Translated by Cäcilie Heinig and Angelika Kutsch).
17. ↑ Pippi Longstocking. Internet Movie Database , accessed 8 June 2015 (English). 
18. ↑ Shirley Temple's Storybook. Internet Movie Database , accessed 8 June 2015 (English). 
19. ↑ Shirley Temple. Internet Movie Database , accessed 8 June 2015 (English). 
20. ↑ Lars Bergtsson (2014): Bildbibliografi över Astrid Lindgrens skrifter 1921-2010. Sweden. Salikon förlag. p. 296
21. ↑ see Pippi Longstocking in each case 2nd edition as paperback 1976 ( DNB 201372797 ) and 2nd edition as paperback 1989 with ISBN 3-358-00492-9 .
22. ↑ Astrid Herbold: "Astrid Lindgren's books were sold under the counter". In: Berliner Morgenpost . September 26, 2009, retrieved March 12, 2017 (interview with publisher Silke Weitendorf). 
23. ↑ Pippi Longstocking 1. In: puppenhausmuseum.de , retrieved on February 4, 2021
24. ↑ Stephan Brünjes: "Pippi Longstocking" was published 70 years ago, the first success of the Swedish children's book author Astrid Lindgren. .
25. ↑ Waldemar Bergendahl (producer) and Roland Skogfeld & Per Olof Ohlsson (camera): Astrid Lindgren tells about her life . (Film) In: 100 Years Astrid Lindgren Anniversary Edition. DVD. universe movie.
26. ↑ Sommerhaus, formerly - Sometimes she danced "for the sheer joy of being there all alone" .
27. ↑ Helge Sobik: Astrid Lindgren's garden. Where Pippi Longstocking was invented. .
28. ↑ Helge Sobik: The story behind Pippi. How did Pippi Longstocking come about? .
29. ↑ Tiina Meri: Pippi Longstocking: Swedish rebel and role model for the women's movement. (No longer available online.) In: sweden.se. April 12, 2005, archived from the original on June 12, 2010 ; retrieved 22 July 2010 . 
30. ↑ Anarchy under the lemonade tree. In: Cologne Review . September 24, 2009, retrieved April 24, 2017 . 
31. ↑ Heidi Rösch: Jim Button is (not) black . Schneider Verlag, Hohengehren 2000, ISBN 3-89676-239-7 .
32. ↑ Renate Köcher: Limits of freedom . Publisher: Institute for Demoscopy Allensbach. 2019, p. 29 ( ifd-allensbach.de [PDF]).
33. ↑ Is "Pippi Longstocking" racist?: "Negro King" causes trouble. n-tv.de, February 24, 2011, retrieved May 18, 2015 . 
34. ↑ No more "Negro King" in Pippi Longstocking. In: DiePresse.com. 6 July 2010, retrieved 13 August 2018 . 
35. ↑ Pippi Longstocking now adorns the 20-krone note. In: handelszeitung.ch. October 1, 2015, retrieved May 9, 2016 .