St. Christina in Val Gardena

St. Christina in Val Gardena
(Lad .: Santa Cristina Gherdëina ital .: Santa Cristina Valgardena )
coat of arms	map
State :	Italy
Region :	Trentino-South Tyrol
Province :	Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community :	Salten-Schlern
Inhabitants : (VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019)	1,905 / 2,015
Language groups : (according to 2011 census )	4.19% German 4.41% Italian 91.40% Ladin
Coordinates	46 ° 33 '  N , 11 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 33 '  N , 11 ° 43'  E
Altitude :	1.250– 3179  m slm (center: 1428  m slm )
Surface:	31.83 km²
Permanent settlement area:	2.7 km²
Neighboring municipalities:	Campitello di Fassa , Kastelruth , St. Martin in Thurn , Ortisei , Villnöß , Selva
Postal code :	39047
Area code :	0471
ISTAT number:	021085
Tax number:	00415100213
Mayor  (2015):	Moritz Demetz ( SVP)

St. Christina in winter

St. Christina in Gröden ( Ladin Santa Cristina ^{? / I} Gherdëina ; Italian Santa Cristina Valgardena ) is an Italian municipality in South Tyrol with 2015 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). Along with Ortisei and Wolkenstein it is one of the three Val Gardena communities where besides German and Italian and Ladin is the official language.

The vast majority of the residents of St. Christina declared themselves to be part of the Ladin language group in the 2011 census .

The main branch of the economy is tourism with 2800 guest beds and approx. 312,000 overnight stays per year , which also characterizes the village with its numerous accommodation establishments. The ski areas Col Raiser and Seceda in the north and Monte Pana in the south, where there is a cross-country skiing center, attract numerous winter sports enthusiasts.

Surname

The name St. Christina is documented as early as 1394 and is derived from the patronage of the parish church of St. Christina .

There are two variants of the Ladin spelling of the name. The historical form Santa Cristina was replaced by Santa Crestina during the tenure of Mayor Bruno Senoner in the 1990s , on the one hand to establish a clearly recognizable difference to the Italian spelling and on the other hand to approximate the Ladin pronunciation. Since this change met with little acceptance in the population, the municipal council decided in 2015 to use Santa Cristina again from now on .

geography

The municipality of S. Cristina in Val Gardena covers 31.83 km² part of the central Val Gardena ( Gherdëina ) as well as mountain areas of the Dolomites in Ladinia to the north and south of it . The proportion of the community on the Grödner Bach ( Derjon carrying) is connected to the bottom of the valley of the village (1430 1480  m slm densely populated). In the west the municipality ends here shortly before Ortisei ( Urtijëi ), in the east the Cislesbach ( Ruf de Cisles ) already forms the border to Wolkenstein ( Sëlva ) in its lower course immediately after the town center .

To the north and northeast of the settlement areas are the mountains of the Geisler Group and the Puez Group , which are largely protected in the Puez-Geisler Nature Park . The gently pronounced Pitschberg ( 2363  m , Pic ) rises directly above the village as a protruding foothill of the Geisler. The northern border of the municipal area is the ridge from the Seceda ( 2519  m , Secëda ) to the east over the Geisler peaks, which reach their highest points in Sass Rigais ( 3025  m , Sas Rigais ) and in the Furchetta ( 3025  m , Furcheta ). In the northeast, St. Christina on Piz Duleda ( 2909  m ), on Col dala Pieres ( 2747  m ) and on Stevia ( 2555  m ) also has a small part of the Puez group. Between Pitschberg, Seceda, Geislerspitzen and Stevia, the extensive alpine pastures of the Cisles- and Mastlé -Alm, on which some mountain lakes such as the Lech Sant ( 2096  m ) are located.

The community also includes high mountain regions in the south of St. Christina. Directly above the village, the terrain initially rises to the Monte Pana plateau . Behind it, partly on the border with Trentino , rise the high peaks of the Langkofel group , including Langkofel ( 3181  m , Saslonch ), the highest point in the municipality, Fünffingerspitze ( 2996  m ), Grohmannspitze ( 3126  m ), Zahnkofel ( 3000  m ) and Plattkofel ( 2969  m , Sas plat ).

St. Christina is accessible to road traffic all year round from the west through the Grödner Straße . This starts in the Eisack Valley and leads to the municipality via Ortisei. The opening of the pass roads over the Grödner Joch ( 2121  m , Jëuf de Frea ) and the Sellajoch ( 2218  m , Jëuf de Sela ), however, depends on the snow conditions , which leads the eastern neighboring municipality of Selva to the east with the Gadertal ( Val Badia ) or to Connect south with the Fasstal ( Fascia ).

history

The first years up to the 19th century

The place was first mentioned in 1277 as Sankt Kristein and in 1323 as St. Christina . Before 1923 the place was called Santa Cristina in Val Gardena and from 1923 to 1955 Santa Cristina .

Today's Uleta farm above St. Christina is probably the oldest farm in the village. It goes back to a sheep who allegedly gave Burckhard von Völs to the Neustift monastery in 1166 .

As a marrow cooperative , St. Christina covered a larger area than today's municipality, because Selva also belonged to the Malgrei , d. H. Quarter (from 1320 Val Gardena was divided into quarters). Other Malgrei that still belong to St. Christina today are: St. Jakob-Innerriedl, Plesdinaz and St. Christina. St. Christina is mentioned as early as 1277 (a farm belonging to Sankt Kristein). The oldest farms in St. Christina also included Pescosta, Puntea, Coi and Prascuel, all of which date back to the 13th century and are named in the land register of the Counts of Tyrol from 1288. There was only minor settlement expansion in the 14th century, as this century was marked by catastrophes such as the plague and famine. In contrast, from the 14th to the 15th century there was an increase in the number of farms from nine to 30. In 1840 Johann Jakob Staffler , who was passing through , reported that St. Christina had around 800 inhabitants; it counted 112 houses and 200 families. According to information, only 9 new houses were built in the next few years. Houses began to densify around the church. The old Messnerhaus, the Widum (built in 1550), the schoolhouse and the Gasthaus zu Deur were located here. On November 3rd, 1809 , the French troops marched through the Val Gardena. In fact, men from St. Christina also took part in the Battle of Bergisel and in the campaign against Napoleon . Around 127 people from Val Gardena also fought in the land storm in northern Italy in 1848. Until 1828, St. Christina belonged to the Gufidaun court . But the court found days for residents of St. Christina's supposed to be in Lajen place in Ingramhof.

Disasters and diseases

St. Christina has been hit by various disasters over the centuries. In the 14th century, for example, huge swarms of locusts are said to have destroyed the harvest, which resulted in famine. To what extent the settlers in St. Christina were affected by the Europe-wide plague epidemic around the middle of the 14th century is not known. What is certain, however, is that hardly any new farms were added to the existing ones in the 14th century. When the plague broke out again in 1636, which was also called Gran Moria among the population , 85 fatalities are documented. Most of the victims were in St. Jakob (Inner-St. Jakob belonged to the Malgrei St. Christina). The timing was bad, the Thirty Years War raged . It is documented that the plague was first found in the Alpine region in a war camp in Graubünden , which is why it is assumed that the disease brought the plague into the valley by cattle traders who traded with the supply quarter in Glurns and the Val Gardena. The current place name Col da Messa (literally: Mass Hill) goes back to this time: the people attended the service at a safe distance in order to be spared the disease. In this context, the terrible flood catastrophes of the 19th century should also be mentioned, especially those of September 1882. After days of rain, the Grödner Bach (Derjon) swelled so much that it carried away all 19 bridges as well as some mills and houses, whereby two people died. A mudslide in Wolkenstein caused the deaths of six more people. Child mortality was high in the 19th century, which can be attributed to insufficient hygienic measures and medical knowledge. Many young children died of pneumonia, smallpox, and cholera . In 1882 alone 32 children died in Val Gardena.

Establishment of the school in St. Christina

It was not until 1835, 60 years after Maria Theresa's introduction of compulsory schooling, that real classes were accommodated on the ground floor of the old community. Before that, there were already smaller schoolrooms from 1779, which were compulsory by law. The long-time teacher in St. Christina at the end of the 19th century was Franz Insam . He got an annual salary of 200 guilders, was also organist and conductor of the band. In 1907 Franz Insam was made an honorary citizen of the village. Before the First World War (1912) the construction of the new elementary school began, for which the pastor Andrea Pramstrahler did a great job . During these years the first kindergarten was established.

The colloquial language of the children, Ladin, functioned as a language for teaching German and Italian, especially in the first years of school. The timetable, however, had more weekly German than Italian hours. At the turn of the century, Italian was pushed back so far and German influence was so overwhelming that the former mayor of St. Ulrich, Franz Moroder, felt obliged to distribute leaflets in which he urged the population “to learn Italian from a young age [...] and the Preserving mother tongue ”.

The First World War

During the First World War , all men of St. Christina's conscript were called up for military service. As can be seen from the parish archives, many of the mostly very young men in Galicia died in the fight against Russia. When Italy entered the war in May 1915, the southern front also had to be defended. The last years of the war claimed many victims on the Dolomite front . A total of 52 men were killed in St. Christina in the First World War.

St. Christina was an important location for the training of the kk mountain guide companies .

The Val Gardena Railway in S. Cristina

In the course of the war in 1915/16, during the First World War, Russian prisoners built an army field railway in a period of four and a half months in order to be able to supply the units stationed there with material on the front line to Italy. This means of transport enabled St. Christina to expand its trade in local goods later in the interwar period. St. Christina had its own train station near what is now the parish square and the post office. The construction of the railway was an aesthetic cut in the landscape of St. Christina: The route led over a bend up to the parish church where a 203 m long spiral tunnel was built directly under the village. Until 1960 the place was connected to Klausen by the Val Gardena Railway .

The second World War

After the First World War and the takeover of South Tyrol by Italy , through strategic Italianization and the suppression of old customs and Tyrolean or Ladin culture, the Alpine province fell into a generally difficult phase. According to the Lex Corbino (1921), teaching in schools was only in Italian. The entire local administrative system was reorganized, with one of the most important cuts being the appointment of a non-local Podestà (mayor). After the last mayor Martino Demetz was provisionally elected to office in St. Christina in 1925, the first Podestà was discontinued a year later. This was Gilberto Gaiani (together with St. Ulrich ). Raimondo Buffa (1927–1929) and Ludovico Donati (1929–1934) followed. From 1934, St. Christina and Wolkenstein had their own Podesta, namely Giulio Broisie (1934–1935), Leone Delago (1935–1938), Vincenzo La Porta (1938–1939), Arturo Tanesini (1939), Emilio Comici (1940) , Ugo Silvestri (1940), Arturo Tanesini (1940–1942), Giovanni Schenck da Doss (1941–1943) and Primo Bidischini (1942–1943). Due to the strong Italianization policy, a strong demographic growth was noticeable in the village, not only because of the Italian tourism, but also because of the numerous sporting events that were launched by the Italians in the valley.

After the general failure of the fascist assimilation policy , on December 31, 1939, as in all of South Tyrol , the option between Italian or German citizenship arose. There were major disputes between the optants and the so-called Dableibern in advance. Society, indeed entire families, split up because of this question. Of the 5,621 Val Gardena with options, 4,562 (81.2%) spoke out in favor of emigrating to Germany. St. Christina had the highest rate of optants in the valley with 84.8%. The reason for this was u. a. the strong dependence of the population on the wood industry and the associated trade connections in the German-speaking area. The local wood processing companies like ANRI or SEVI , where most of them worked, enabled the mostly poor farming families to have financial stability. Ultimately, however, only 193 people left St. Christina in 1940 and settled in Innsbruck , Lienz , Kitzbühel , Landeck , Dornbirn , Linz , Munich , Augsburg , Stuttgart and Berlin . After the Optanten could not build a closed Val Gardena settlement in the Drautal (Austria), most of them moved back to their homeland. After Italy entered into an armistice on September 8, 1943 , the Podestà was replaced by a provisional administrator in all municipalities, including St. Christina. In St. Christina this was the wood carving association publisher and ADO confidante Anton Riffeser. Now that the optants and the Dabeliber had come together again, the atmosphere in the village was extremely tense, with mutual insults as "traitors to their homeland", etc. One single major act of violence is known from these conflicts: on May 15, 1945 armed Bellunese partisans came to Val Gardena to allegedly Arrest collaborators. The American secret service had given the go-ahead for this. Informants from Val Gardena had sent the partisans a list of those to be arrested. Some were still able to hide in the mountains, but the others were caught and taken to headquarters in Corvara . During the transport to Belluno on May 17th, the prisoners were shot under still unexplained circumstances. Among them were Adolf Senoner (Mayor of Selva), Englbert Ploner, Gabriel Riffeser, Josef Pitscheider (Selva) and Kosman Demetz. Four murder victims were buried in the St. Christina cemetery. The Americans tried to cover up the incident, while the poisoned political climate in St. Christina and throughout the valley continued for several years.

Demographic development

Demographic development of the village

It is already reported from the 18th century that there was a very high population density in Val Gardena . At that time the valley had around 3,500 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 19th century there was a decrease in population. Many people saw no job opportunities in agriculture in the valley. So many moved to German Tyrol and tried their hand at maids, servants or craftsmen. When sculpture began to establish itself in 1870 , there was again an increase in the population. In addition, many families from Bohemia and Moravia moved to Val Gardena, most of whom settled in Ortisei . We have the first census in St. Christina from 1846. At that time there were 799 inhabitants. After the First World War there was a strong increase in immigrants but also in births. By fascism additional Italian officials were sent to St. Christina. From the 1960s the population increased again due to tourism, until it stagnated again from the 1980s.

In S. Cristina in Val Gardena the most common surnames are Senoner (mostly from Selva), Runggaldier and Demetz . In the census (2011), 91.40% of the population declared themselves to be Ladin, 4.19% German and 4.41% Italian.

politics

Municipal Council (2015)

5

10

5 10 

A total of 15 seats

• Lista S.Cristina Citizen List : 5
• South Tyrolean People's Party : 10

Mayor since 1952:

• Josef Skasa: 1952–1964
• Vigil Insam: 1964-1971
• Joachina Mussner: 1971–1974
• Hermann Keim: 1974–1985
• Franz Demetz : 1985–1995
• Bruno Senoner: 1995-2010
• Eugen Hofer: 2010–2015
• Moritz Demetz: since 2015

Economic milestones for St. Christina

For hundreds of years the inhabitants of St. Christina and those of the whole valley worked in mountain agriculture. In 1888 the following professional groups were known to us from the municipality of St. Christina: a baker, six general merchants, a handicraft publisher, a clothes maker, five millers (there were around 40 mills in Val Gardena at that time), three shoemakers, an upholsterer, a carpenter and five hosts. After all, wood carving became more and more important until tourism was added in the post-war period. Remember that there had been a surgeon named Tobias Burgauner since 1833 . An academically trained family doctor has only been recorded since 1902 , who supplied the sick with medication and was responsible for birth assistance together with midwife Clara Schenk.

The wood carving

As in the other localities of Val Gardena , carving rose to become the most important economic branch of the valley from 1850. Toys and church furnishings, mainly made of wood, could be exported more easily and quickly from Val Gardena via the Grödner Straße in 1856 and the Brenner Railway , which connected Verona in 1859 and Innsbruck in 1867 .

After the war, two of the largest toy and wooden sculpture manufacturers in Val Gardena were established in St. Christina. One of them was Anton Riffeser , who founded the company ANRI in 1952 on the plan da Tieja . Due to the high demand, the dotting machines were created, which increased the carving speed considerably. In addition to the carvers, ANRI also employed numerous painters and employees. In 1965 a total of 400 workers worked in the company.

Josef Senoner's business is even older . As early as 1831 he employed a few people at the Vastlé farm. The business then passed to his son Vinzenz Senoner in 1876 , who founded the SEVI company. Even during the wars, business continued and more and more toys were manufactured and exported. Due to the high demand, the production facility was moved to nearby Pontives in 1967. In 1999, SEVI was taken over by the Trudi Group after sales difficulties .

The connection to the world

On September 1, 1874, the post office was opened in St. Christina . This was located in today's listed Haus da la Posta (Pizzeria Bruno). With the introduction of telegraphs and telephones, the transmission of messages from the place experienced an unprecedented speed. St. Christina was connected to the power grid at the beginning of the 20th century, which is why Anton Senoner had the first power station built in Dorives as early as 1905. The plant was expanded twice and finally bought up by the SAEV. Meeting the community's electricity needs caused more and more difficulties. Most of the time, you still had to buy electricity from other providers. In 1990 the La Longia electrical power station was built, which belongs to the municipality itself and uses the water of the Cisles brook to produce electricity.

Between 1952 and 1954 the water pipeline from the Cislesalm below the Fermedaspitzen and the Geislerspitzen to the village was built.

traffic

Due to the increasing volume of traffic on the Grödner Straße , which had passed through the village , the construction of the bypass began in April 2007 and was officially opened on July 16, 2009. Since the opening of this new street, the old pedestrianized main street that crosses the village has been turned into a pedestrian zone on various occasions and on evenings in high season.

education

Primary school St. Christina

There is a primary school and a kindergarten in St. Christina . The primary school was built in 1914 and completely renovated in 1996. It is connected to the Ladin school district of the neighboring municipality of Selva. As in all Ladin schools, four languages ​​are taught here: Ladin , German , Italian and, since 2005, English . In 2006 a gymnasium and a new school yard with a soccer field and benches were designed. The village's kindergarten was completely renovated in 1998 and named "Egaburvanda" (Ladin name for rainbow) a few years ago.

St. Christina also had a middle school . It was rebuilt in 1973 because the large number of students made it impossible to accommodate the students in the two middle schools that were already in the immediate vicinity. Since then about 600 students have attended this middle school, 563 of them were able to obtain the final diploma of the middle school. It was closed in 2005, and since then the students have had to choose one of the neighboring secondary schools in Selva or Ortisei.

The local library is named after the Val Gardena writer Tresl Gruber . During the renovation work, the library was moved to the old middle school. On May 8, 2010, the new library was reopened in its original location.

Culture and clubs

The cultural life of St. Christina is largely determined by the various associations. As is customary in the Tyrolean region, each village is represented by its own band. It was founded in St. Christina on October 26, 1856. The Sasslong Choir, founded in 1972, also excelled in the field of music . He has received several awards, for example at the International Johannes Brahms Competition in Wernigerode in 1999, at the Choir Olympiad in Busan in South Korea in 2002 and at the International Franz Schubert Competition in Vienna in 2009 (silver and gold). An appearance at the Pope's audience in the Sala Nervi in the Vatican in 2004 also made an impact. In addition, there is a women's choir, a church choir and a youth choir, a music band and a youth orchestra. The St. Christina Theater Association played plays such as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde .

The St. Christina Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded in 1897 , with the first equipment being financed through a lottery. The first fire station was located in a garage near the old hospital, later it was moved to the ground floor of the elementary school until it found its place on the old main street, furnished with modern standards, since 1995. The team today consists of around 60 members and has a fleet of eight vehicles and a powerful pump.

Sports

In summer the place is the starting point for numerous hiking trails and via ferratas . The community has an athletics field in Mulin da Coi (near Ortisei).

Mulin da Coi sports center

There are several tennis courts in the Iman sports center , and an ice rink is set up here in winter. All ski slopes are connected to the Sellaronda and the Gardenaronda ( Dolomiti Superski ).

Between 2004 and 2007 a Nordic ski center was built on Monte Pana . The new cross-country skiing center with a length of 38 km is located at 1,600–1800 meters above sea level. In addition, the facility includes two small ski jumps , which mainly benefit the local Ski Club Val Gardena .

St. Christina has a ski school that was awarded the gold medal of the Italian Ski Association (FISI).

Every year races of the Alpine Ski World Cup are held in Val Gardena . A Super-G and a men's downhill race take place on the weekend before Christmas . The downhill race takes place on the Saslong slope , the start and finish of which are at 2,249 and 1,410 meters respectively. The whole route is 3,446 m long and starts at Ciampinoi , leads via Spinel and Saut del Moro to Sochers . From there, a steep slope goes over the Mur de Sochers and then to the famous Camel Humps . This is followed by Nucia and the Ciaslat meadows , these end in the shot, where the famous tunnel jump is at the end .

Attractions

See also : List of architectural monuments in St. Christina in Val Gardena  and List of natural monuments in St. Christina in Val Gardena

The parish church of St. Christina

→ Main article : Parish church St. Christina in Val Gardena

Church of St. Christina

The center of St. Christina, near the prehistoric high trail "Troi Paian", is the oldest pastoral care in the valley. Already at the end of the 12th century a chapel dedicated to St. Christina of Bolsena may have stood here. Of the Romanesque church - which is mentioned in a papal letter of indulgence from 1342 - the bell tower remained up to the roof. Later the character was largely changed through renovations and additions. The choir, to which a polygonal ossuary was added in the 16th century, dates from the Gothic period. The construction of the high altar, created around 1690 in the workshop of the famous sculptor dynasty Vinazer , and the bronze statue of St. Philomena in the ossuary, a classicist work by the sculptor Johann Dominik Mahlknecht, are worth seeing .

The Fischburg

→ Main article : Fischburg (Wolkenstein)

The Fischburg

The Fischburg, although closer to St. Christina in the municipality of Selva, was built between 1622 and 1641 by Engelhard Dietrich von Selva-Trostburg . Fish ponds that were located near the castle are said to have given it its name. The construction was completed in 1641. The Fischburg is a summer and hunting lodge in the Renaissance style , but its monumentality simulates medieval defenses. In 1863, Count Leopold von Wolkenstein-Trostburg donated the Fischburg to the community of St. Christina for the establishment of an old people's home and poor house. Every year, on August 13th, a mass was held in the castle chapel, which was consecrated to St. Cassia, and the whole village then celebrated with the count. Since 1926, however, the Fischburg has been owned by the Venetian Baron Carlo Franchetti and is therefore not open to the public.

Monte Pana with sundial and hotel

→ Main article : Monte Pana

The sundial on Monte Pana is a spherical equatorial sundial with a diameter of two meters, which shows the true local time (WOZ) and Central European Time (CET) for St. Christina and 60 other cities .

The Hotel Monte Pana and the nearby chapel designed by the architect Franz Baumann are examples of modern Alpine architecture from the 1930s.

Val Gardena Railway Path

In S. Cristina there is a promenade on the route of the former Val Gardena Railway. Until 2012 this was called the Planet Path. The nine planets of our solar system (including the earth) were attached to one another on a scale of 1: 1.868 billion; Boards gave information about the most important data such as diameter, density, distance to the sun, number of moons, etc. The educational intention was to show the visitor the real “astronomical” dimensions of the universe.

In the summer of 2012, the Planet Trail was rededicated by the municipality and the tourist association as the Grödner Bahnweg : since then the history of the Grödner Bahn has been vividly presented on 14 boards.

Christmas market St. Christina

Christmas market in St. Christina in December 2009.

The Christmas market has been held in St. Christina in December since 2005. The organizers are the merchants of St. Christina's, who work enthusiastically every year to ensure that the Christmas market runs perfectly. The most contemplative time of the year in St. Christina begins with the Christmas market: lovingly decorated wooden houses with handcrafted Christmas items such as wood-carved nativity figures, Christmas tree decorations, Christmas tree angels, Christmas cookies, tents, glass and embroidery, candles, books, Christmas cards, ceramics, porcelain and of course mulled wine and Hot drinks together with wonderful Advent and Christmas melodies performed by various small and large music and singing groups create a cozy Christmas atmosphere.

water falls

The Tervela waterfall is located directly opposite the town center. The stream has its source on the Sassolungo and crosses Monte Pana, then it goes down the fall until it flows into the Val Gardena stream after 50 m . In 2008 a new path with a bridge was built directly under the waterfall. The path continues into the forest and offers a beautiful view of St. Christina. A second path "Troi de Ciopa" was created in summer 2011 and leads to the top of the waterfall.

In Soplajes , a district of St. Christina, there is another waterfall. This brook has its source at the foot of the Pitschberg , crosses the Ulëtahöfe and also flows into the Gardena brook.

and display information about the image

Panorama in Val Gardena, more precisely St. Christina with Langkofel and the World Cup slope Saslong in the background

Lech Sant

The Lech Sant is a small mountain lake on the Mastlé-Alm , at the northern foot of the Pitschberg and the Seceda .

literature

• Sabine Piazza: S. Cristina. Zacan no. Pictures from bygone times. Come era una volta 1870–1970. Cunsei de furmazion de Santa Cristina, 2009.
• Chemun de Santa Cristina - Cherta topografica. Cherta ortofoto cun i toponims ladins. Istitut Ladin Micurà de Rü, Cunsei de furmazion de Santa Cristina, 2005, ISBN 88 81710641 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tourism Association St. Christina - Holiday Guide Summer 2011
2. ^ Egon Kühebacher : The place names of South Tyrol and their history. The historically grown names of the communities, parliamentary groups and hamlets . Athesia, Bozen 1991, ISBN 88-7014-634-0 , p. 407
3. ↑ Patrick Stuflesser: The Ladin name has been clarified . In: Dolomiten , March 3, 2015, p. 21
4. ↑ ^{a b} Deborah Vinatzer, Sabine Piazza, S. Cristina 1870-1970: zacan n iede / Pictures from Past Times / come era una volta , S. Cristina, Cunsëi de furmazion de S. Cristina, 2009.
5. ↑ Wranz Waldboth, in: Calënder de Gherdëina per year 1914, p. 40.
6. ↑ Cela do te: Moroder Wilhelm, La gran Mueria. Victims of the plague of 1636 in Val Gardena, in: Calënder Ladin per l ann 1915, pp. 139–142.
7. ↑ Stuffer Pezzei Matilde, Mpue de storia dla scolina de S. Crestina: in Calënder de Gherdëina 2002 pp. 116-118
8. ↑ http://www.schule.suedtirol.it/ms-st.christina/projekte/geschichte/ind_gesch.html
9. ↑ Runggaldier: Chemun of S Cristina, p 34
10. ↑ Cfr: Ski Club Ladinia Gherdeina, 100 ani.
11. ↑ Mischi Georg, The History of the Ladins in the 20th Century, Diploma thesis Innsbruck 1991. pp. 58–62
12. ↑ Fontana, Ladin Question; Steurer, Historisches zum Ladinienfrage, p. 7
13. ↑ Piccolruaz, Dolomitenladiner, p. 8; Fontana, Ladin question, p. 176
14. ↑ Cfr .: Fontana, Ladin question, 177; Gerald Steinacher, nothing forgotten, just kept secret. The massacre of Val Gardena 1945 and the OSS mission Tacoma , in: Geschichte und Region / Storia e regione 6 (1997), ed. v. Regional history working group, Vienna-Bozen 1997, pp. 163–194
15. ↑ Gerald Steinacher, South Tyrol and the Secret Services 1943-1945 , Innsbruck 2000, pp. 187–216.
16. ↑ [1] ASTAT - 2011 Census
17. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 . 
18. ↑ Cfr .: Demetz, peddler trade, tab. 23
19. ↑ Lutz, Val Gardena, pp. 136–146
20. ↑ Senoner Adolf da Vastlé, La firma SEVI da Vastlé à 150 ani, in Calënder de Gherdëina 1981, pp. 122-131
21. ↑ Cfr .: Moroder, Gardena valley, p. 50
22. ↑ Obletter Amalia, L ie 100 ani ca che Gherdeina ay adrova la lectrisc, in: Calënder de Gherdëina 2000, pp. 31–43
23. ↑ School district Wolkenstein. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network , accessed on October 25, 2014 . 
24. ↑ http://www.schule.suedtirol.it/ms-st.christina/
25. ↑ http://www.gemeinde.stchristina.bz.it/gemeindeamt/download/221231018_4.pdf
26. ↑ Cor Sasslong. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013 ; accessed on March 9, 2018 . 
27. ↑ St. Christina Volunteer Fire Brigade, 1897–1997. The volunteer fire brigade St. Christina through the ages, Ortisei 1997.
28. ↑ http://www.centrofondo.it/deutsch/trails.html
29. ↑ http://www.santacristinaski.com/de/Default.asp
30. ↑ http://www.saslong.org/?pagid=2&lang=deu
31. ^ Josef Weingartner, Magdalena Hörmann. The art monuments of South Tyrol. Athesia GmbH publishing house. Bolzano 1991. Volume I
32. ^ Oswald Trapp : Tiroler Burgenbuch . Volume 4: Eisacktal ( Nicolò Rasmo : Wolkenstein ). 2nd Edition. Verlag Athesia, Bozen 1984, ISBN 88-7014-366-X , pp. 235-257.
33. ↑ Tourist Association Val Gardena, Holiday Guide 2011
34. ↑ http://www.mercatino-natale.it/deu/index.htm
35. ↑ http://www.val-gardena.com/de/st-christina-in-groeden/page92.html

Web links

Commons : St. Christina in Val Gardena  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: St. Christina in Val Gardena  - travel guide

• Website of the municipality of St. Christina
• Landscape plan of the municipality of St. Christina in Val Gardena . Office for Landscape Ecology, Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol (PDF file)
• Entry in the Tirol Atlas of the Institute for Geography at the University of Innsbruck