Propaganda and Freddy vs. Jason (soundtrack): Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Album | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->
{{sprotected2}}
| Name = Freddy vs. Jason
{{other uses}}
| Type = [[Soundtrack]]
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Destroy old world.jpg|thumb|right|1967 Chinese propaganda poster from the [[Cultural Revolution]]. Translation: "Smash the old world, establish a new world."]] -->
| Artist = Various Artists
[[Image:Come unto me, ye opprest.jpg|thumb|right| [[First Red Scare]] depiction of a monstrous "European [[Anarchism|Anarchist]]" attempting to destroy the [[Statue of Liberty]].]]
| Cover = G00389h03d1.jpg
[[Image:Alaskadeathtrapa.jpg|right|thumb|Poster for Thirteenth Naval District, United States Navy, showing a rat representing Japan, approaching a mousetrap labeled "Army, Navy, Civilian," on a background map of the Alaska Territory.]]
| Released = [[August 12]], [[2003]]

| Recorded =
'''Propaganda''' is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people. As opposed to [[Objectivity (journalism)|impartially]] providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense presents information in order to influence its audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus [[lie|lying]] by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or gives loaded messages in order to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the [[cognition|cognitive]] narrative of the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda.
| Genre = [[Alternative metal]]<br />[[Groove metal]]

| Length = 77:59

| Label = [[Roadrunner Records|Roadrunner]]
{{quote|Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.|Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell|''Propaganda and Persuasion''}}
| Producer = Michelle Van Arendonk (executive)

| Reviews = * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:4u63mpvk9f2o~T2 link]
==Etymology==
| Last album = ''[[Wes Craven's New Nightmare (score)|Wes Craven's New Nightmare]]''<br /><br />''[[Jason X (score)|Jason X]]''

| This album = ''Freddy vs. Jason'' (soundtrack)
The word originates from the Latin name ''[[Congregatio de Propaganda Fide]]'' ("Congregation for the Spreading of the Faith") of a [[congregation (Roman Curia)|congregation]] founded by [[Pope Gregory XV]] in 1622. This department of the pontifical administration was charged with the spread of Catholicism and with the regulation of ecclesiastical affairs in mission territory.
| Next album = ''[[Freddy vs. Jason (score)|Freddy vs. Jason]]'' (score)

The Latin adjective ''propaganda'', which is a form of the [[gerundive]] of the verb ''propago'' (from ''pro''- "forth" + *''pag''-, root of ''pangere'' "to fasten"), means "that which is to be spread" and does not carry a connotation of information, misleading or otherwise. The modern sense dates from [[World War I]], when the term evolved to be mainly associated with politics.

==Types==
[[Image:klan-sheet-music.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ku Klux Klan]] sheet music to "We Are All Loyal Klansmen", 1923]]
[[Image:Skandinavism.jpg|thumb|right|Poster of the 19th century [[Scandinavism|Scandinavist]] movement]]
[[Image:Eca dead2.jpeg|thumb|The execution of British nurse [[Edith Cavell#Role in World War I propaganda|Edith Cavell]] by the German Army in 1915 was a major theme of [[World War I]] anti-German propaganda]]
Propaganda is generally an appeal to emotion, contrasted to an appeal to intellect.
Propaganda shares techniques with [[advertising]] and [[public relations]]. Advertising and public relations can be thought of as propaganda that promotes a commercial product or shapes the perception of an organization, person or brand, though in post-World War II usage the word "propaganda" more typically refers to political or [[nationalism|nationalist]] uses of these techniques or to the promotion of a set of ideas, since the term had gained a pejorative meaning, which commercial and government entities couldn’t accept. The refusal phenomenon was eventually to be seen in politics itself by the substitution of ‘political marketing’ and other designations for ‘political propaganda’.

Propaganda was often used to influence opinions and beliefs on religious issues, particularly during the split between the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Protestants]]. Propaganda has become more common in [[political]] contexts, in particular to refer to certain efforts sponsored by governments, political groups, but also often covert interests. In the early 20th century, propaganda was examplified in the form of party slogans. Also in the early 20th century the term propaganda was also used by the founders of the nascent [[public relations]] industry to describe their activities. This usage died out around the time of World War II, as the industry started to avoid the word, given the pejorative connotation it had acquired.

Literally translated from the [[Latin]] [[gerundive]] as "things which must be disseminated", in some cultures the term is neutral or even positive, while in others the term has acquired a strong negative connotation. The connotations of the term "propaganda" can also vary over time. For example, in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and some [[Spanish language]] speaking countries, particularly in the [[Southern Cone]], the word "propaganda" usually refers to the most common manipulative media — "advertising".

In English, "propaganda" was originally a neutral term used to describe the dissemination of information in favor of any given cause. During the 20th century, however, the term acquired a thoroughly negative meaning in western countries, representing the intentional dissemination of often false, but certainly "compelling" claims to suport or justify political actions or ideologies. This redefinition arose because both the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Germany]]'s government under [[Hitler]] admitted explicitly to using propaganda favoring, respectively, [[communism]] and [[Nazism|national socialism]], in all forms of public expression. As these ideologies were antipathetic to liberal western societies, the negative feelings toward them came to be projected into the word "propaganda" itself.

{{Quote_box|
width=50%|align=center
|quote="Propaganda is neutrally defined as a systematic form of purposeful persuasion that attempts to influence the emotions, attitudes, opinions, and actions of specified target audiences for ideological, political or commercial porposes through the controlled transmission of one-sided messages (which may or may not be factual) via mass and direct media channels. A propaganda organization employs propagandists who engage in propagandism—the applied creation and distribution of such forms of persuasion."|source=Richard Alan Nelson, ''A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States'', 1996|
}}
}}


'''''Freddy vs. Jason''''' is the soundtrack to the [[Freddy vs. Jason|film of the same name]]. It was released on [[August 12]], [[2003]] on [[Roadrunner Records]]. The album features 20 tracks, fourteen of them previously unreleased, by several [[heavy metal]] and [[nu metal]] bands.
[[Image:Is this tomorrow.jpg|thumb|left|A 1947 comic book published by the Catechetical Guild Educational Society warning of "the dangers of a Communist takeover".]]
Roderick Hindery argues<ref>Hindery, Roderick R., Indoctrination and Self-deception or Free and Critical Thought? (2001)</ref> that propaganda exists on the political left, and right, and in mainstream centrist parties. Hindery further argues that debates about most social issues can be productively revisited in the context of asking "what is or is not propaganda?" Not to be overlooked is the link between propaganda, indoctrination, and terrorism/counterterrorism. He argues that threats to destroy are often as socially disruptive as physical devastation itself.
[[Image:SheMayLookCleanBut.jpg|thumb|right|A series of American propaganda posters during World War II appealed to servicemen's patriotism to protect themselves from venereal disease. The text at the bottom of the poster reads, "You can't beat the Axis if you get VD".]]
Propaganda also has much in common with [[public information]] campaigns by governments, which are intended to encourage or discourage certain forms of behavior (such as wearing seat belts, not smoking, not littering and so forth). Again, the emphasis is more political in propaganda. Propaganda can take the form of [[leaflet]]s, posters, TV and radio broadcasts and can also extend to any other [[Mass media|medium]]. In the case of the United States, there is also an important legal (imposed by law) distinction between advertising (a type of '''overt propaganda''') and what the Government Accountability Office (GAO), an arm of the United States Congress, refers to as "covert propaganda."


The soundtrack is perhaps most notable for featuring a large number of songs that were previously unreleased as well as featuring the first new [[Killswitch Engage]] song with [[Howard Jones (heavy metal musician)|Howard Jones]] as lead vocalist.
Journalistic theory generally holds that news items should be objective, giving the reader an accurate background and analysis of the subject at hand. On the other hand, [[advertisement]]s evolved from the traditional commercial advertisements to include also a new type in the form of '''paid''' articles or broadcasts disguised as news. These generally present an issue in a very subjective and often misleading light, primarily meant to persuade rather than inform. Normally they use only subtle [[propaganda techniques]] and not the more obvious ones used in traditional commercial advertisements. If the reader believes that a paid advertisement is in fact a news item, the message the advertiser is trying to communicate will be more easily "believed" or "internalized."


==Track listing==
Such advertisements are considered obvious examples of "covert" propaganda because they take on the appearance of objective information rather than the appearance of propaganda, which is misleading. Federal law specifically mandates that any advertisement appearing in the format of a news item '''must state''' that the item is in fact a '''paid advertisement'''. The Bush Administration has been criticized for allegedly producing and disseminating covert propaganda in the form of television programs, aired in the United States, which appeared to be legitimate news broadcasts and did not include any information signifying that the programs were not generated by a private-sector news source.<ref>{{cite web | title=Inter-Press News Service: 05/23/2005 : Bush to continue producing 'packaged news stories' | url=http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/printer_2008.shtml| accessmonthday=March 15 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref>
<sup>†</sup> Indicates songs that were previously unreleased.
# "How Can I Live"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Ill Niño]] – 3:18
# "When Darkness Falls"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Killswitch Engage]] – 4:02
# "Beginning of the End"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Spineshank]] – 3:32
# "Sun Doesn't Rise"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Mushroomhead]] – 3:16
# "Condemned Until Rebirth"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Hatebreed]] – 2:07
# "Snap"<sup>†</sup>performed by [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] – 2:42
# "Army of Me"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Chimaira]] – 4:21
# "The After Dinner Payback"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[From Autumn To Ashes]] – 2:50
# "Leech"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Sevendust]] – 4:30
# "Bombshell" performed by [[Powerman 5000]] – 3:14
# "Welcome to the Strange"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Murderdolls]] – 4:19
# "Out of My Way"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Seether]] – 3:51
# "Inside the Cynic"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Stone Sour]] – 3:23
# "Swinging The Dead"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[DevilDriver]] – 3:38
# "The Waste"<sup>†</sup> performed by [[Sepultura]] with [[Mike Patton]] – 3:39
# "Middle of Nowhere" performed by [[The Blank Theory]] – 4:05
# "Ether" performed by [[Nothingface]] – 3:43
# "Trigger" performed by [[In Flames]] – 4:56
# "11th Hour" performed by [[Lamb of God (band)|Lamb of God]] – 3:44
# "(We Were) Electrocute" performed by [[Type O Negative]] – 6:49


== Personnel ==
[[Image:AntiJapanesePropagandaTakeDayOff.gif|thumb|right|US Office for War Information, propaganda message: working less helps our enemies.]]
* Rob Arnold - Producer
Propaganda, in a narrower use of the term, connotes deliberately false or misleading information that supports or furthers a political (but not only) cause or the interests of those with power.
* Jay Baumgardner - Mixing
The propagandist seeks to change the way people understand an issue or situation for the purpose of changing their actions and expectations in ways that are desirable to the interest group. Propaganda, in this sense, serves as a corollary to [[censorship]] in which the same purpose is achieved, not by filling people's minds with approved information, but by preventing people from being confronted with opposing points of view. What sets propaganda apart from other forms of advocacy is the willingness of the propagandist to change people's understanding through [[deception]] and confusion rather than persuasion and understanding. The leaders of an organization know the information to be one sided or untrue, but this may not be true for the rank and file members who help to disseminate the propaganda.
* Howard Benson - Producer, Mixing
* Daniel Bergstrand - Producer, Mixing
* Micaela Boland - Package Design
* Bobby Brooks - Mixing
* Paul Broucek - Executive in Charge of Music
* Dave Chavarre - Producer
* Monte Conner - A&R
* Terry Date - Producer
* Tom Decker - Producer
* Jessica Dolinger - Music Clearance
* Adam Dutkiewicz - Producer, Mixing
* Anders Fridén - Mixing
* Bill Gaal - Producer
* [[GGGarth]] - Producer
* Mike Gitter A&R
* Ben Grosse - Producer, Mixing
* Ross Hogarth - Producer, Mixing
* Mark Hunter - Producer
* Matt Hyde - Producer
* James Iha - Producer
* Ted Jensen - Mastering
* Joey Jordison - Producer
* Bill Kennedy - Producer, Mixing
* Lamb of God - Producer, Mixing
* George Marino - Compilation, Mastering
* Bob Marlette - Producer
* Mushroomhead - Producer
* [[Boris Elkis]] - Programming
* UE Nastasi - Compilation
* Orjan Ornkloo - Mixing
* Tim Patalan - Producer
* Colin Richardson - Mixing
* Mike Sarkisyan - Producer
* Adam Schlesinger - Producer
* Annie Searles - Music Clearance
* Sepultura - Producer
* Christopher Shaw - Mixing
* Josh Silver - Producer, Mixing
* Slipknot - Producer
* Randy Staub - Mixing
* Pete Steele - Producer, Mixing
* Stone Sour - Producer
* Tom Tatman - Producer
* Shaun Thingvold - Mixing
* Devin Townsend - Producer
* Michelle Van Arendonk - A&R, Executive Music Supervisor
* Andy Wallace - Mixing
* Mike Wallace - Mixing
* Ulrich Wild - Producer, Mixing
* Toby Wright - Mixing


==Chart positions==
More in line with the [[religion|religious]] roots of the term, it is also used widely in the debates about [[new religious movement]]s (NRMs), both by people who defend them and by people who oppose them. The latter pejoratively call these NRMs [[cult]]s. [[Anti-cult movement|Anti-cult activists]] and [[Christian countercult movement|countercult activists]] accuse the leaders of what they consider cults of using propaganda extensively to recruit followers and keep them. Some social scientists, such as the late Jeffrey Hadden, and [[CESNUR]] affiliated scholars accuse ex-members of "cults" who became vocal critics and the [[anti-cult movement]] of making these unusual religious movements look bad without sufficient reasons.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Religious Movements Page: Conceptualizing "Cult" and "Sect" | url=http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/cultsect/concult.htm | accessmonthday=December 4 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Polish Anti-Cult Movement (Koscianska) - CESNUR | url=http://www.cesnur.org/conferences/riga2000/koscianska.htm | accessmonthday=December 4 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref>
=== Album ===

{| class="wikitable"
[[Image:Kitchener-Britons.jpg|thumb|right|The much-imitated 1914 "[[Lord Kitchener Wants You]]!" poster]]
!Year
Propaganda is a powerful weapon in war; it is used to dehumanize and create hatred toward a supposed enemy, either internal or external, by creating a false image in the mind. This can be done by using derogatory or racist terms, avoiding some words or by making allegations of enemy atrocities. Most propaganda wars require the home population to feel the enemy has inflicted an injustice, which may be fictitious or may be based on facts. The home population must also decide that the cause of their nation is just.
!Album

!Chart
Propaganda is also one of the methods used in [[psychological warfare]], which may also involve [[false flag]] operations. The term propaganda may also refer to false information meant to reinforce the mindsets of people who already believe as the propagandist wishes. The assumption is that, if people believe something false, they will constantly be assailed by doubts. Since these doubts are unpleasant (see [[cognitive dissonance]]), people will be eager to have them extinguished, and are therefore receptive to the reassurances of those in power. For this reason propaganda is '''often addressed to people''' who are '''already sympathetic''' to the agenda. This '''process of reinforcement''' uses an individual's predisposition to self-select "agreeable" information sources as a mechanism for maintaining control.
!Position

|-
[[Image:Britannialion.jpg|thumb|right|[[Britannia (emblem)|Britannia]] arm-in-arm with [[Uncle Sam]] symbolizes the British-American alliance in World War I.]]
|2003
<span id="grey" />Propaganda can be classified according to the source and nature of the message. '''[[White propaganda]] '''generally comes from an openly identified source, and is characterized by gentler methods of persuasion, such as standard public relations techniques and one-sided presentation of an argument. '''[[Black propaganda]] '''is identified as being from one source, but is in fact from another. This is most commonly to disguise the true origins of the propaganda, be it from an enemy country or from an organization with a negative public image. '''[[Grey propaganda]] ''' is propaganda without any identifiable source or author. A major application of grey propaganda is making enemies believe [[falsehood]]s using [[straw argument]]s: As phase one, to make someone believe "A", one releases as grey propaganda "B", the opposite of "A". In phase two, "B" is discredited using some [[strawman]]. The enemy will then assume "A" to be true.
|Freddy vs. Jason

|The Billboard 200
In scale, these different types of propaganda can also be defined by the potential of true and correct information to compete with the propaganda. For example, opposition to white propaganda is often readily found and may slightly discredit the propaganda source. Opposition to grey propaganda, when revealed (often by an inside source), may create some level of public outcry. Opposition to black propaganda is often unavailable and may be dangerous to reveal, because public cognizance of black propaganda tactics and sources would undermine or backfire the very campaign the black propagandist supported.
|25
|-
[[Image:Spitfire2xs.jpg|thumb|right|Poster for the [[World War II]] film ''[[The First of the Few]]'' (Spitfire)]]
|2003
Propaganda may be administered in insidious ways. For instance, disparaging [[disinformation]] about the history of certain groups or foreign countries may be encouraged or tolerated in the educational system. Since few people actually double-check what they learn at school, such disinformation will be repeated by journalists as well as parents, thus reinforcing the idea that the disinformation item is really a "well-known fact", even though no one repeating the myth is able to point to an authoritative source. The disinformation is then recycled in the media and in the educational system, without the need for direct governmental intervention on the media. Such permeating propaganda may be used for political goals: by giving citizens a false impression of the quality or policies of their country, they may be incited to reject certain proposals or certain remarks or ignore the experience of others. See also: [[black propaganda]], [[marketing]], [[advertising]]
|Freddy vs. Jason

|Top Soundtracks
==Techniques==
|4
{{See also|doublespeak|cult of personality|spin (politics)|demonization|factoid}}
|}

=== Singles ===
Common media for transmitting propaganda messages include news reports, government reports, historical revision, [[junk science]], books, leaflets, [[propaganda film|movies]], radio, television, and posters. In the case of radio and television, propaganda can exist on news, current-affairs or talk-show segments, as '''advertising''' or public-service '''announce "spots"''' or as long-running '''advertorials'''. Propaganda campaigns often follow a strategic transmission pattern to indoctrinate the target group. This may begin with a simple transmission such as a leaflet dropped from a plane or an advertisement. Generally these messages will contain directions on how to obtain more information, via a web site, hot line, radio program, et cetera (as it is seen also for selling purposes among other goals). The strategy intends to initiate the individual from information recipient to information seeker through reinforcement, and then from information seeker to [[opinion leader]] through indoctrination.
{| class="wikitable"

!Year
A number of techniques based in [[social psychology|social psychological]] research are used to generate propaganda. Many of these same techniques can be found under [[Logical fallacy|logical fallacies]], since propagandists use arguments that, while sometimes convincing, are not necessarily valid.
!Single

!Chart
Some time has been spent analyzing the means by which propaganda messages are transmitted. That work is important but it is clear that information dissemination strategies only become propaganda strategies when coupled with ''propagandistic messages''. Identifying these messages is a necessary prerequisite to study the methods by which those messages are spread. Below are a number of techniques for generating propaganda:
!Position

|-
[[Image:Lucas Cranach - Antichrist.png|thumb|"The [[Pope]] is [[Antichrist]]" - 1521 propaganda print by [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]], commissioned by [[Martin Luther]].]]
|2003

|"How Can I Live"
*[[Ad hominem]]
|Mainstream Rock Tracks
:A Latin phrase which has come to mean attacking your opponent, as opposed to attacking their arguments.
|26
*[[Ad nauseam]]
|}
:This argument approach uses tireless repetition of an idea. An idea, especially a simple slogan, that is repeated enough times, may begin to be taken as the truth. This approach works best when media sources are limited and controlled by the propagator.
*[[Appeal to authority]]
:Appeals to authority cite prominent figures to support a position, idea, argument, or course of action.
*[[Appeal to fear]]
:Appeals to fear seek to build support by instilling anxieties and panic in the general population, for example, [[Joseph Goebbels]] exploited Theodore Kaufman's ''[[Germany Must Perish!]]'' to claim that the Allies sought the extermination of the German people.
*[[Appeal to prejudice]]
:Using loaded or emotive terms to attach value or moral goodness to believing the proposition. For example, the phrase: "Any hard-working taxpayer would have to agree that those who do not work, and who do not support the community do not deserve the community's support through social assistance."
*[[argumentum ad populum|Bandwagon]]
:Bandwagon and "inevitable-victory" appeals attempt to persuade the target audience to join in and take the course of action that "everyone else is taking."
:*[[Inevitable victory]]: invites those not already on the bandwagon to join those already on the road to certain victory. Those already or at least partially on the bandwagon are reassured that staying aboard is their best course of action.
:*[[Join the crowd]]: This technique reinforces people's natural desire to be on the winning side. This technique is used to convince the audience that a program is an expression of an irresistible mass movement and that it is in their best interest to join.
*[[Black-and-white fallacy|Black-and-White fallacy]]
:Presenting only two choices, with the product or idea being propagated as the better choice. (e.g., "You are either with us, or you are with the enemy")
*Beautiful people
:The type of propaganda that deals with [[celebrity|famous people]] or depicts attractive, happy people. This makes other people think that if they buy a product or follow a certain ideology, they too will be happy or successful. (This is more used in advertising for products, instead of political reasons)
*[[Big Lie]]
:The repeated articulation of a complex of events that justify subsequent action. The descriptions of these events have elements of truth, and the "big lie" generalizations merge and eventually supplant the public's accurate perception of the underlying events. After World War I the German [[Stab in the back]] explanation of the cause of their defeat became a justification for Nazi re-militarization and revanchist aggression.

*[[Common man]]
:The "''''''plain folks''''''" or "common man" approach attempts to convince the audience that the propagandist's positions reflect the common sense of the people. It is designed to win the confidence of the audience by communicating in the common manner and style of the target audience. Propagandists use ordinary language and mannerisms (and clothe their message in face-to-face and audiovisual communications) in attempting to identify their point of view with that of the average person. For example, a propaganda leaflet may make an argument on a macroeconomic issue, such as unemployment insurance benefits, using everyday terms: "given that the country has little money during this recession, we should stop paying unemployment benefits to those who do not work, because that is like maxing out all your credit cards during a tight period, when you should be tightening your belt."
*[[Demonizing the enemy]]
:Making individuals from the opposing nation, from a different ethnic group, or those who support the opposing viewpoint appear to be subhuman (e.g., the [[Vietnam War]]-era term "gooks" for [[Viet Cong|National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam]] aka Vietcong, (or 'VC') soldiers), worthless, or immoral, through suggestion or false accusations.
[[Image:LibertyBond-WinsorMcCay.jpg|thumb|World War I poster by [[Winsor McCay]], urging Americans to buy [[Liberty Bond]]s]]
*[[Direct order]]
:This technique hopes to simplify the decision making process by using images and words to tell the audience exactly what actions to take, eliminating any other possible choices. Authority figures can be used to give the order, overlapping it with the [[Appeal to authority]] technique, but not necessarily. The [[Uncle Sam]] "I want you" image is an example of this technique.
*[[Euphoria (emotion)|Euphoria]]
:The use of an event that generates euphoria or happiness, or using an appealing event to boost morale. Euphoria can be created by declaring a holiday, making luxury items available, or mounting a military parade with marching bands and patriotic messages.
*[[Disinformation]]
:The creation or deletion of information from public records, in the purpose of making a false record of an event or the actions of a person or organization, including outright [[forgery]] of photographs, motion pictures, broadcasts, and sound recordings as well as printed documents.
*[[Flag-waving]]
:An attempt to justify an action on the grounds that doing so will make one more patriotic, or in some way benefit a group, country, or idea. The feeling of patriotism which this technique attempts to inspire may not necessarily diminish or entirely omit one's capability for rational examination of the matter in question.
[[Image:SuomiNeito.png|thumb|The [[Finnish Maiden]] - personification of Finnish nationalism]]
*[[Glittering generality|Glittering generalities]]
:Glittering generalities are emotionally appealing words applied to a product or idea, but which present no concrete argument or analysis. A famous example is the campaign slogan "Ford has a better idea!"
*[[Half-truth]]
:A half-truth is a deceptive statement which may come in several forms and includes some element of truth. The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true but only part of the whole truth, or it may utilize some deceptive element, such as improper punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive, evade blame or misrepresent the truth.
*[[Intentional vagueness]]
:Generalities are deliberately vague so that the audience may supply its own interpretations. The intention is to move the audience by use of undefined phrases, without analyzing their validity or attempting to determine their reasonableness or application. The intent is to cause people to draw their own interpretations rather than simply being presented with an explicit idea. In trying to "figure out" the propaganda, the audience forgoes judgment of the ideas presented. Their validity, reasonableness and application may still be considered.
*[[Obtain disapproval]] or [[Reductio ad Hitlerum]]
:This technique is used to persuade a target audience to disapprove of an action or idea by suggesting that the idea is popular with groups hated, feared, or held in contempt by the target audience. Thus if a group which supports a certain policy is led to believe that undesirable, subversive, or contemptible people support the same policy, then the members of the group may decide to change their original position. This is a form of bad logic, where a is said to equal X, and b is said to equal X, therefore, a = b.
*[[Causal oversimplification|Oversimplification]]
:Favorable generalities are used to provide simple answers to complex social, political, economic, or military problems.
*[[Fallacy of quoting out of context|Quotes out of Context]]
:Selective editing of quotes which can change meanings. Political documentaries designed to discredit an opponent or an opposing political viewpoint often make use of this technique.
*[[Name-calling]]
:Propagandists use the ''name-calling technique'' to incite fears and arouse prejudices in their hearers in the intent that the bad names will cause hearers to construct a negative opinion about a group or set of beliefs or ideas that the propagandist would wish hearers to denounce. The method is intended to provoke conclusions about a matter apart from impartial examinations of facts. Name-calling is thus a substitute for rational, fact-based arguments against the an idea or belief on its own merits.<ref>[http://mason.gmu.edu/~amcdonal/Propaganda%20Techniques.html Propaganda Techniques<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[Rationalization]]
:Individuals or groups may use favorable generalities to rationalize questionable acts or beliefs. Vague and pleasant phrases are often used to justify such actions or beliefs.
*[[Ignoratio elenchi#Red herring|Red herring]]
:Presenting data or issues that, while compelling, are irrelevant to the argument at hand, and then claiming that it validates the argument.
*[[Labeling]]
:A [[Euphemism]] is used when the propagandist attempts to increase the perceived quality, credibility, or creedence of a particular ideal. A [[Dysphemism]] is used when the intent of the propagandist is to discredit, diminish the perceived quality, or hurt the perceived righteousness of the Mark. By creating a 'label' or 'category' or 'faction' of a population, it is much easier to make an example of these larger bodies, because they can uplift or defame the Mark without actually incuring legal-defamation. Example: "Liberal" is a dysphamsim intended to diminish the perceived credibility of a particular Mark. By taking a displeasing argument presented by a Mark, the propagandist can quote that person, and then attack 'liberals' in an attempt to both (1) create a political battle-ax of unaccountable aggression and (2) diminish the quality of the Mark. If the propagandist uses the label on too-many perceivably credible individuals, muddying up the word can be done by broadcasting bad-examples of 'liberals' into the media. [[Labeling]] can be thought of as a sub-set of [[Guilt by association]], another Logical Fallacy.
*[[Repetition]]
:This type of propaganda deals with a jingle or word that is repeated over and over again, thus getting it stuck in someones head, so they can buy the product. The "Repetition" method has been described previously.
*[[Scapegoating]]
:Assigning blame to an individual or group, thus alleviating feelings of guilt from responsible parties and/or distracting attention from the need to fix the problem for which blame is being assigned.
*[[Slogan]]s
:A slogan is a brief, striking phrase that may include labeling and stereotyping. Although slogans may be enlisted to support reasoned ideas, in practice they tend to act only as emotional appeals. Opponents of the US's invasion and occupation of Iraq use the slogan "blood for oil" to suggest that the invasion and its human losses was done to access Iraq's oil riches. On the other hand, "hawks" who argue that the US should continue to fight in Iraq use the slogan "cut and run" to suggest that it would be cowardly or weak to withdraw from Iraq. Similarly, the names of the military campaigns, such as "enduring freedom" or "just cause", may also be regarded to be slogans, devised to influence people.
*[[Stereotyping]] or Name Calling or Labeling
:This technique attempts to arouse prejudices in an audience by labeling the object of the propaganda campaign as something the target audience fears, hates, loathes, or finds undesirable. For instance, reporting on a foreign country or social group may focus on the stereotypical traits that the reader expects, even though they are far from being representative of the whole country or group; such reporting often focuses on the [[anecdote|anecdotal]].
*[[Testimonial]]
:Testimonials are quotations, in or out of context, especially cited to support or reject a given policy, action, program, or personality. The reputation or the role (expert, respected public figure, etc.) of the individual giving the statement is exploited. The testimonial places the official sanction of a respected person or authority on a propaganda message. This is done in an effort to cause the target audience to identify itself with the authority or to accept the authority's opinions and beliefs as its own. ''See also, [[damaging quotation]]''
*[[Transfer (propaganda)|Transfer]]
:Also known as '''Association''', this is a technique of projecting positive or negative qualities (praise or blame) of a person, entity, object, or value (an individual, group, organization, nation, patriotism, etc.) to another to make the second more acceptable or to discredit it. It evokes an emotional response, which stimulates the target to identify with recognized authorities. Often highly visual, this technique often utilizes symbols (for example, the Swastika used in Nazi Germany, originally a symbol for health and prosperity) superimposed over other visual images. An example of common use of this technique in America is for the President's image to be overlaid with a swastika by his opponents.
*[[Unstated assumption]]
:This technique is used when the propaganda concept that the propagandist intends to transmit would seem less credible if explicitly stated. The concept is instead repeatedly assumed or implied.
*[[Virtue word]]s
:These are words in the value system of the target audience which tend to produce a positive image when attached to a person or issue. Peace, happiness, security, wise leadership, freedom, "The Truth", etc. are virtue words. In countries such as the U.S. religiosity is seen as a virtue, making associations to this quality affectively beneficial. See ""[[Transfer (propaganda)|Transfer]]"".

==Models==
===Herman and Chomsky's propaganda model===
[[Image:Guerre 14-18-Humour-L'ingordo, trop dur-1915.JPG|right|thumb|French Propaganda Postcard from [[World War I]] era showing a [[caricature]] of Kaiser [[William II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] biting the world]]
The [[propaganda model]] is a theory advanced by [[Edward S. Herman]] and [[Noam Chomsky]] that alleges systemic [[bias]]es in the [[mass media]] and seeks to explain them in terms of structural [[economic]] [[cause]]s.

{{quote|The 20th century has been characterized by three developments of great political importance: '''the growth of democracy, the growth of corporate power, and the growth of corporate propaganda as a means of protecting corporate power against democracy.'''|<ref>[http://mediafilter.org/caq/CAQ54chmky.html "Letter from Noam Chomsky" to ''Covert Action Quarterly,'' quoting Alex Carey, Australian social scientist.]</ref><ref>[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/25/006.html review of Carey, Alex (1995) ''Taking the Risk out of Democracy: Propaganda in the US and Australia,'' University of NSW Press.]</ref>}}

First presented in their 1988 book ''[[Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media|Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media]]'', the [[propaganda model]] views the private media as businesses selling a product &mdash; readers and [[audiences]] (rather than [[news]]) &mdash; to other businesses (advertisers) and relying primarily on government and corporate information and propaganda.

The first three (ownership, funding, and sourcing) are generally regarded by the authors as being the most important. Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of [[United States]] media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure and organizing principles which the [[model (abstract)|model]] postulates as the cause of [[media bias]]es. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Chomsky stated that the new filter replacing communism would be terrorism and Islam.

===Ross' epistemic merit model===
The [[Epistemic Merit Model|epistemic merit model]] is a method for understanding propaganda conceived by Sheryl Tuttle Ross and detailed in her 2002 article for the ''Journal of Aesthetic Education'' entitled "Understanding Propaganda: The Epistemic Merit Model and Its Application to Art".<ref>Ross, Sheryl Tuttle. "Understanding Propaganda: The Epistemic Merit Model and Its Application to Art." ''Journal of Aesthetic Education'', Vol. 36, No.1. pp. 16-30</ref> Ross developed the Epistemic merit model due to concern about narrow, misleading definitions of propaganda. She contrasted her model with the ideas of Pope Gregory XV, the [[Institute for Propaganda Analysis]], [[Alfred McClung Lee|Alfred Lee]], [[F.C. Bartlett]], and [[Hans Speier]]. Insisting that each of their respective discussions of propaganda are too narrow, Ross proposed her own definition.
[[Image:Novum Eboracum.jpg|thumb|right|American World War I poster: "Remember Your First Thrill of American Liberty"]]

To appropriately discuss propaganda, Ross argues that one must consider a threefold communication model: that of Sender-Message-Receiver. "That is... propaganda involve[s]... the one who is persuading (Sender) [who is] doing so intentionally, [the] target for such persuasion (Receiver) and [the] means of reaching that target (Message)." There are four conditions for a message to be considered propaganda. Propaganda involves the intention to persuade. As well, propaganda is sent on behalf of a sociopolitical institution, organization, or cause. Next, the recipient of propaganda is a socially significant group of people. Finally, propaganda is an epistemic struggle to challenge other thoughts.

Ross claims that it is misleading to say that propaganda is simply false, or that it is conditional to a lie, since often the propagandist believes in what he/she is propagandizing. In other words, it is not necessarily a lie if the person who creates the propaganda is trying to persuade you of a view that they actually hold. "The aim of the propagandist is to create the semblance of credibility." This means that they appeal to an [[epistemology]] that is weak or defective.

{{quote|False statements, bad arguments, immoral commands as well as inapt metaphors (and other literary [[Trope (linguistics)|tropes]]) are the sorts of things that are epistemically defective... Not only does epistemic defectiveness more accurately describe how propaganda endeavors to function... since many messages are in forms such as commands that do not admit to truth-values, [but it] also accounts for the role context plays in the workings of propaganda.}}

Throughout history those who have wished to persuade have used art to get their message out. This can be accomplished by hiring artists for the express aim of propagandizing or by investing new meanings to a previously non-political work. Therefore, Ross states, it is important to consider "the conditions of its making [and] the conditions of its use."

== History ==
=== Ancient propaganda ===
[[Image:Prince Rupert - 1st English Civil War.jpg|thumb|right|[[English Civil War]] cartoon entitled "The Cruel Practices of [[Prince Rupert]]" (1643)]]
Propaganda has been a human activity as far back as reliable recorded evidence exists. The [[Behistun Inscription]] (c. 515 BC) detailing the rise of [[Darius I of Persia|Darius I]] to the [[Persian Empire|Persian]] throne, can be seen as an early example of propaganda. The ''[[Arthashastra]]'' written by [[Chanakya]] (c. 350 - 283 BC), a professor of [[political science]] at [[Takshashila University]] and a prime minister of the [[Maurya Empire]], discusses propaganda in detail, such as how to spread propaganda and how to apply it in [[war]]fare. His student [[Chandragupta Maurya]] (c. 340 - 293 BC), founder of the Maurya Empire, employed these methods during his rise to power.<ref>Boesche, Roger. "Kautilya’s Arthasastra on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India", ''The Journal of Military History'' '''67''' (p. 9–38), January 2003.</ref> The writings of [[Roman Empire|Romans]] such as [[Livy]] (c. 59 BC - 17 AD) are considered masterpieces of pro-Roman propaganda. Another example of early propaganda would be the 12th century work ''[[The War of the Irish with the Foreigners]]'', written by the [[Dál gCais]] to portray themselves as legitimate rulers of Ireland.

=== 19th and 20th centuries ===
[[Image:Ww2 poster oct0404.jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Propaganda from World War II, depicting [[Hitler]] as foolish.]]
[[Image:Kukryniksy-razgromim.jpg|thumb|right|USSR Propaganda from World War II.]]
[[Gabriel Tarde]]'s ''Laws of Imitation'' (1890) and [[Gustave Le Bon]]'s ''The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind'' (1897) were two of the first codifications of propaganda techniques, which influenced many writers afterward, including [[Sigmund Freud]]. Hitler's ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' is heavily influenced by Le Bon's theories. Journalist [[Walter Lippmann]], in ''[[Public Opinion]]'' (1922) also worked on the subject, as well as the American advertising pioneer [[Edward Bernays]], a nephew of Freud, early in the 20th century.<ref>[http://home.bway.net/drstu/chapter.html About Edward Berneys book chapter]</ref>

During World War I, Lippmann and Bernays were hired by then United States President, [[Woodrow Wilson]], to participate in the [[Committee on Public Information|Creel Commission]], the mission of which was to sway popular opinion in favor of entering the war, on the side of the United Kingdom. The Creel Commission provided themes for speeches by "four-minute men" at public functions, and also encouraged censorship of the American press. The Commission was so unpopular that after the war, Congress closed it down without providing funding to organize and archive its papers.

The war propaganda campaign of Lippmann and Bernays produced within six months such an intense anti-German hysteria as to permanently impress American [[business]] (and [[Adolf Hitler]], among others) with the potential of large-scale propaganda to control public opinion. Bernays coined the terms "group mind" and "engineering consent", important concepts in practical propaganda work.
[[Image:Australia World War I propaganda.jpg|thumb|right|An Australian anti-conscription propaganda poster from World War One]]
[[Image:John Bull - World War I recruiting poster.jpeg|thumb|right|[[John Bull]] on a British First World War recruiting poster]]

The current [[public relations]] industry is a direct outgrowth of Lippmann's and Bernays' work and is still used extensively by the United States government. For the first half of the 20th century Bernays and Lippmann themselves ran a very successful public relations firm. [[World War II]] saw continued use of propaganda as a weapon of war, both by Hitler's propagandist [[Joseph Goebbels]] and the British [[Political Warfare Executive]], as well as the United States [[Office of War Information]].

In the early 2000s, the United States government developed and freely distributed a video game known as ''[[America's Army]]''. The stated intention of the game is to encourage players to become interested in joining the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]]. According to a poll by I for I Research, 30% of young people who had a positive view of the military said that they had developed that view by playing the game.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

=== Russian revolution ===
Russian revolutionaries of the 19th and 20th centuries distinguished two different aspects covered by the English term ''propaganda''. Their terminology included two terms: {{lang-ru|агитация}} (agitatsiya), or ''agitation'', and {{lang-ru|пропаганда}}, or ''propaganda'', see [[agitprop]] (agitprop is not, however, limited to the Soviet Union, as it was considered, before the [[October Revolution]], to be one of the fundamental activities of any [[Marxism|Marxist]] activist; this importance of agit-prop in Marxist theory may also be observed today in [[Trotskyist]] circles, who insist on the importance of [[Flyer (pamphlet)|leaflet]] distribution).

Soviet ''propaganda'' meant dissemination of revolutionary ideas, teachings of Marxism, and theoretical and practical knowledge of [[Marxist economics]], while ''agitation'' meant forming favorable public opinion and stirring up political unrest. These activities did not carry negative connotations (as they usually do in English) and were encouraged. Expanding dimensions of state propaganda, the Bolsheviks actively used transportation such as trains, aircraft and other means.

[[Joseph Stalin]]'s regime built the largest fixed-wing aircraft of the 1930s, [[Tupolev ANT-20]], exclusively for this purpose. Named after the famous Soviet writer [[Maxim Gorky]] who had recently returned from [[Italian fascism|fascist Italy]], it was equipped with a powerful radio set called "Voice from the sky", printing and leaflet-dropping machinery, [[radio station]]s, [[photographic]] [[laboratory]], [[Movie projector|film projector]] with sound for showing movies in flight, library, etc. The aircraft could be disassembled and transported by railroad if needed. The giant aircraft set a number of world records.

<gallery>
Image:GPU.jpg|The [[Gosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie|GPU]] thunderbolt strikes the [[enemy of the people|counter-revolutionary saboteur.]]
Image:World October revolution poster.jpg|"Long Live World [[October Revolution|October (revolution)]]!"
Image:1923 Bolshevik propaganda train.jpg|Bolshevik propaganda train, 1923.
Image:ANT-20.jpg|[[Tupolev ANT-20|ANT-20]] "Maxim Gorky" propaganda aircraft in the Moscow sky.

</gallery>

=== Nazi Germany ===
{{main|Nazi propaganda}}
Most propaganda in Germany was produced by the [[Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda]]. [[Joseph Goebbels]] was placed in charge of this ministry shortly after Hitler took power in 1933. All journalists, writers, and artists were required to register with one of the Ministry's subordinate chambers for the press, fine arts, music, theater, film, literature, or radio.

The Nazis believed in propaganda as a vital tool in achieving their goals. [[Adolf Hitler]], Germany's [[Führer]], was impressed by the power of Allied propaganda during World War I and believed that it had been a primary cause of the collapse of morale and revolts in the German home front and Navy in 1918 (see also: [[Dolchstoßlegende]]). Hitler would meet nearly every day with Goebbels to discuss the news and Goebbels would obtain Hitler's thoughts on the subject; Goebbels would then meet with senior Ministry officials and pass down the official Party line on world events. Broadcasters and journalists required prior approval before their works were disseminated. Along with posters, the Nazis produced a number of [[Leni Riefenstahl|films]] and books to spread their beliefs.

<gallery>
Image:Liberators-Kultur-Terror-Anti-Americanism-1944-Nazi-Propaganda-Poster.jpg|Nazi Poster depicting American "liberators" as monster.
Image:Nazi_poster_Mutter_und_Kind.jpg|"Mother and Child" poster for charity subscription.
<!-- Deleted image removed: Image:Nazi_poster_Alle_Zehnjährigen_zu_uns.jpg|"All 10-year-olds to us." -->
Image:EwigerJudeFilm.jpg|[[The Eternal Jew|"The Eternal Jew"]] poster for a movie.
Image:Nazi_poster_Mütter_Kämft_für_eure_Kinder.jpg|"Mothers Fight for your Children."
Image:Nazi_poster_Nederlanders.jpg|Invites Dutchmen to join the SS.
Image:EnthanasiePropaganda.jpg|Poster promoting [[eugenics]] and [[euthanasia]] of disabled people.
Image:dove.jpg|[[National Socialist German Workers Party|Nazi]] poster portraying Adolf Hitler. Text: "Long Live Germany!"
Image:Rsi_f.jpg|Recruitment poster for pro-Nazi [[Italian Social Republic]] naval auxiliaries
</gallery>
<!-- these are not Nazi propaganda, belong in relevant sections
Image:What_is_an_aryan.jpg|A 1941 poster by [[Boris Efimov]] countering Nazi propaganda about the [[Aryan race]]
Image:PropagandaNaziStabsBible.gif|U.S. propaganda poster from World War II depicting a Nazi stabbing a [[Bible]].-->

===Cold War propaganda===
The United States and the Soviet Union both used propaganda extensively during the [[Cold War]]. Both sides used film, television, and radio programming to influence their own citizens, each other, and Third World nations. The [[United States Information Agency]] operated the [[Voice of America]] as an official government station. [[Radio Free Europe]] and [[Radio Liberty]], which were in part supported by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], provided grey propaganda in news and entertainment programs to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union respectively. The Soviet Union's official government station, Radio Moscow, broadcast [[white propaganda]], while Radio Peace and Freedom broadcast grey propaganda. Both sides also broadcast [[black propaganda]] programs in periods of special crises. [[Image:Korean-leaflet-bomb.jpg|thumb|Soldier loads a "leaflet bomb" during the [[Korean war]].]]

In 1948, the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Foreign Office]] created the IRD ([[Information Research Department]]) which took over from wartime and slightly post-war departments such as the [[Minister of Information|Ministry of Information]] and dispensed propaganda via various media such as the [[BBC]] and publishing.<ref>{{cite web | title=Records | url=http://www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=7100&CATLN=3&Highlight=&FullDetails=True | accessmonthday=December 4 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Reports | url=http://www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=6965&CATLN=3&Highlight=&FullDetails=True | accessmonthday=December 4 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref>

The [[Sino-Soviet split|ideological and border dispute]] between the Soviet Union and [[People's Republic of China]] resulted in a number of cross-border operations. One technique developed during this period was the "backwards transmission", in which the radio program was recorded and played backwards over the air. (This was done so that messages meant to be received by the other government could be heard, while the average listener could not understand the content of the program.)

When describing life in capitalist countries, in the US in particular, propaganda focused on social issues such as poverty and anti-union action by the government. Workers in capitalist countries were portrayed as "ideologically close". Propaganda claimed rich people from the US derived their income from weapons manufacturing, and claimed that there was substantial racism or [[neo-fascism]] in the US.

When describing life in Communist countries, western propaganda sought to depict an image of a citizenry held captive by governments that brainwash them. The West also created a fear of the East, by depicting an aggressive Soviet Union. In the Americas, [[Cuba]] served as a major source and a target of propaganda from both black and white stations operated by the CIA and Cuban exile groups. Radio Habana Cuba, in turn, broadcast original programming, relayed Radio Moscow, and broadcast ''The Voice of Vietnam'' as well as alleged confessions from the crew of the ''[[USS Pueblo (AGER-2)|USS Pueblo]]''.

[[George Orwell]]'s novels ''[[Animal Farm]]'' and ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' are virtual textbooks on the use of propaganda. Though not set in the Soviet Union, these books are about totalitarian regimes in which language is constantly corrupted for political purposes. These novels were, ironically, used for explicit propaganda. The [[CIA]], for example, secretly commissioned an [[animated film]] adaptation of ''Animal Farm'' in the 1950s with small changes to the original story to suit its own needs.[http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,4120,908925,00.html]

=== Revolution in Central and Eastern Europe ===
During the democratic [[revolutions of 1989]] in [[Central and Eastern Europe]] the propaganda poster was important weapon in the hand of the opposition. Printed and hand-made political posters appeared on the [[Berlin Wall]], on the statue of St. Wenceslas in [[Prague]] and around the unmarked grave of [[Imre Nagy]] in [[Budapest]] and the role of them was important for the democratic change.

===Yugoslav wars===
During the [[Yugoslav wars]], propaganda was used to create fear and hatred and particularly incite the Serb population against the other ethnicities ([[Bosniaks]], [[Croats]], [[Albanians]] and other non-Serbs). Serb [[News media|media]] made a great effort in justifying, revising or denying mass [[war crimes]] committed by Serb forces during the [[Yugoslav wars]] on [[Bosniaks]] and other non-Serbs.<ref name="Boston University">{{cite web |date=April 12, 1999|title="Serbian Propaganda: A Closer Look"|url=http://www.bu.edu/globalbeat/pubs/Pesic041299.html|quote=NOAH ADAMS: The European Center for War, Peace and the News Media, based in London, has received word from Belgrade that no pictures of mass Albanian refugees have been shown at all, and that the Kosovo humanitarian catastrophe is only referred to as the one made up or overemphasized by Western propaganda. <br /> Also, and we quote from the report, "information programs are designed to present the illegitimacy of a NATO aggression on Yugoslavia, the unanimity of the Serbian people in resisting the enemy and Serbian invincibility. All three aims are wrapped in a nationalistic code, `most powerful Western nations, killers, death disseminators, fascists, dictators, criminals, villains, bandits, vandals, barbarians, gangsters, vampires, cowards, perverts, lunatics, scum and trash who want to destroy the small but honorable, dignified, freedom-loving Serbian nation.
}}</ref> According to the [[ICTY]] verdicts against Serb political and military leaders, during the [[Bosnian war]], the propaganda was a part of the Strategic Plan by Serb leadership, aimed at linking Serb-populated areas in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] together, gaining control over these areas and creating a separate Serb [[state]], from which most non-Serbs would be permanently removed. The Serb leadership was aware that the Strategic Plan could only be implemented by the use of force and [[fear]], thus by the commission of war crimes.<ref name="ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin verdict - 1. Joint Criminal Enterprise">{{cite web|url=
http://www.un.org/icty/brdjanin/trialc/judgement/brd-tj040901e1.htm#VIIA1|title=ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin verdict - 1. Joint Criminal Enterprise|}}</ref><ref name="ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin verdict - C. The implementation of the Strategic Plan in the Bosnian Krajina">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/brdjanin/trialc/judgement/brd-tj040901e1.htm#IVC|title=ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin verdict - C. The implementation of the Strategic Plan in the Bosnian Krajina|}}</ref>

=== Afghan War ===
In the 2001 [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|invasion of Afghanistan]], [[psychological operations]] tactics were employed to demoralize the [[Taliban]] and to win the sympathies of the Afghan population. At least six [[EC-130E|EC-130E Commando Solo]] aircraft were used to jam local radio transmissions and transmit replacement propaganda messages.
[[Pamphlets|Leaflets]] were also dropped throughout Afghanistan, offering rewards for [[Osama bin Laden]] and other individuals, portraying Americans as friends of Afghanistan and emphasizing various negative aspects of the Taliban. Another shows a picture of [[Mohammed Omar]] in a set of crosshairs with the words "We are watching." This technique has been shown to be rather ineffective in terms of long term opinions change given current political and social conditions in Afghanistan.{{Fact|date=April 2008}}

The [[US Air Force]] can use [[cluster bomb]]s to deliver leaflets. The LBU-30 clusterbomb is designed to allow an aircraft to deliver leaflets to a target area while minimizing wind drift.

=== Iraq War ===
[[Image:your future al-Zarqawi.jpg|thumb|[[United States of America|US]] [[Psychological operations|PSYOP]] [[pamphlet]] disseminated in [[Iraq]]. Text: "This is your future al-Zarqawi" and shows [[al-Qaeda]] fighter [[al-Zarqawi]] caught in a rat trap.]]During the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], the [[Iraqi Information Minister]] [[Muhammed Saeed al-Sahaf]] repeatedly claimed Iraqi forces were decisively winning every battle. Even up to the overthrow of the Iraqi government at [[Baghdad]], he maintained that the United States would soon be defeated, in contradiction with all other media. Due to this, he quickly became a [[cult figure]] in the West, and gained recognition on the [[website]] WeLoveTheIraqiInformationMinister.com<ref>{{cite web | title= WeLoveTheIraqiInformationMinister.com | url=http://WeLoveTheIraqiInformationMinister.com | accessmonthday=December 4 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref> The Iraqis who were misled by his propaganda were shocked when the Iraqi military was defeated.

In November 2005, ''[[The Chicago Tribune]]'' and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', alleged that the [[United States military]] had [[media manipulation|manipulated news]] reported in Iraqi media in an effort to cast a favorable light on its actions while demoralizing the [[insurgency]]. Lt. Col. [[Barry Johnson]], a military spokesman in Iraq, said the program is "an important part of countering misinformation in the news by insurgents", while a spokesman for former [[Defense Secretary]] [[Donald H. Rumsfeld]] said the allegations of manipulation were troubling if true. The [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] has confirmed the existence of the program.<ref>http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/U.S._military_covertly_pays_to_run_stories_in_Iraqi_press#Sources</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' published an article about how the Pentagon has started to use contractors with little experience in journalism or public relations to plant articles in the Iraqi press.
These articles are usually written by US soldiers without attribution or are attributed to a non-existent organization called the "[[International Information Center]]." Planting propaganda stories in newspapers was done by both the Allies and Central Powers in the First World War and the Axis and Allies in the Second; this is the latest version of this technique.<ref>{{cite news | last = Baldor | first = Lolita C. | title = U.S. Military Unclear on 'Planted' Stories | publisher = Associated Press | date = [[November 30]], [[2005]] | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20060630204816/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2005/11/30/national/w140545S58.DTL}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=U.S. military plants stories in the Iraqi media - | url=http://www.aljazeera.com/me.asp?service_ID=10010 | accessmonthday=December 4 | accessyear=2005 }}{{dead link|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/me.asp?service_ID=10010 |date=June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Baldor | first = Lolita C. | title = Pentagon describes Iraq propaganda plan | publisher = Associated Press | date = [[December 02]], [[2005]] | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20051205031408/http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/13305355.htm }}</ref>

==Children==
[[Image:Albumdelarevolucion.jpg|left|thumb|Cover page of [[Album de la Revolucion Cubana]], a series of comic trading card and music compilation that targets children]]
[[Image:Los Carlitos pag 73.jpg|thumb|Niños de la revolución Sandinista, [[Nicaragua]] [[Sandinista]]'s revolution children.]]

Of all the potential targets for propaganda, children are the most vulnerable because they are the most unprepared for the critical reasoning and contextual comprehension required to determine whether a message is propaganda or not. Children's vulnerability to propaganda is rooted in [[developmental psychology]]. The attention children give their environment during development, due to the process of developing their understanding of the world, will cause them to absorb propaganda indiscriminately. Also, children are highly imitative: studies by [[Albert Bandura]], [[Dorothea Ross]] and [[Sheila A. Ross]] in the 1960s indicated that children are susceptible to filmed representations of behaviour. Therefore television is of particular interest in regard to children's vulnerability to propaganda.

Another vulnerability of children is the theoretical influence that their peers have over their behaviour. According to [[Judith Rich Harris]]'s group-socialization theory, children learn the majority of what they do not receive paternally, through genes, from their peer groups. The implication then is that if peer-groups can be [[indoctrinated]] through propaganda at a young age to hold certain beliefs, the group will self-regulate the indoctrination, since new members to the group will adapt their beliefs to fit the group's.

To a degree, [[socialization]], formal [[education]], and standardized television programming can be seen as using propaganda for the purpose of [[indoctrination]]. Schools that utilize dogmatic, frozen world-views, often resort to propagandist curricula that indoctrinate children. The use of propaganda in schools was highly prevalent during the 1930s and 1940s in Germany, as well as in Stalinist Russia.
In [[Nazi]] Germany, the education system was thoroughly co-opted to indoctrinate the German youth with [[anti-Semitic]] ideology. This was accomplished through the [[National Socialist Teachers’ Union]], of which 97% of all German teachers were members in 1937. It encouraged the teaching of “racial theory.” Picture books for children such as ''Don’t Trust A Fox in A Green Meadow Or the Word of A Jew'', The ''Poisonous Mushroom'', and ''The Poodle-Pug-Dachshund-Pincher'' were widely circulated (over 100,000 copies of ''Don’t Trust A Fox''...&nbsp;were circulated during the late 1930s) and contained depictions of Jews as devils, child molesters, and other morally charged figures. Slogans such as “Judas the Jew betrayed Jesus the German to the Jews” were recited in class.<ref>Mills, Mary. "Propaganda and Children During the Hitler Years". Jewish Virtual Library. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/propchil.html</ref> The following is an example of a propagandistic math problem recommended by the National Socialist Essence of Education:

{{quote|The Jews are aliens in Germany—in 1933 there were 66,606,000 inhabitants in the German Reich, of whom 499,682 were Jews. What is the per cent of aliens?<ref>Hirsch, Herbert.|''Genocide and the Politics of Memory''. Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. pg. 119</ref>}}

==See also==
{{main|List of topics related to public relations and propaganda}}
{{multicol}}
* [[Aestheticization as propaganda]]
* [[Agenda-setting theory]]
* [[Agitprop]]
* [[Antihomosexual propaganda]]
* [[Mildred Gillars|Axis Sally]]
* [[black propaganda|Black Propaganda]]
* [[Captain Planet]]
* [[Cult of personality]]
* [[Corporate propaganda]]
* [[Disinformation]]
* [[False flag]] attacks and [[psychological warfare]]
* [[Framing (social sciences)]]
* [[General Semantics]]
* [[His Last Bow (story)]]
* [[Indoctrination]]
* [[Institute for Propaganda Analysis]]
* [[Lord Haw Haw]]
* [[McCarthyism]]
* [[Ministry of propaganda]]
* [[National Anthem Project]]
* [[News propaganda]]
* [[The Nurture Assumption]]
* [[Overton window]]
* [[Politics and the English Language]] by George Orwell
* [[Ezra Pound]]
* [[Propaganda film]]
{{multicol-break}}
* [[Propaganda of the deed]] (a positive form of information)
* [[Propaganda in the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Propaganda in the Republic of China]]
* [[Propaganda in the Soviet Union]]
* [[Propaganda in the United States]]
* [[Propaganda model]]
* [[Psychological Warfare]]
* [[Public diplomacy]], the term used by the [[USIA]] to describe its mission
* [[Religious terrorism]]
* [[Tokyo Rose]]
* [[Self-deception]]
* [[Self propaganda]]
* [[Shockvertising]]
* [[Spinspeak]]
* [[Social psychology (psychology)]]
* [[Think tank]]
* [[Voice of America]]
** [[Walt Disney's World War II propaganda production]]
* First World war British Propaganda:
**[[The Crucified Soldier]]
**[[Rape of Belgium]]
**[[Angels of Mons]].
**[[Kadaververwertungsanstalt]]
**[[Edith Cavell#Role in World War I propaganda]]
* [[Nazi propaganda]]
{{multicol-end}}

==References==
===Footnotes===
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

===Notations===
<div class="references-small">
<!-- No longer referenced: # {{note|refbot.290}} {{cite web | title=German historical Banknotes and Old Paper Money from Germany - GermanNotes | url=http://www.germannotes.com | accessmonthday=December 4 | accessyear=2005 }}-->
*Fred Cohen. ``Frauds, Spies, and Lies - and How to Defeat Them''. ISBN 1-878109-36-7 (2006). ASP Press.
*Fred Cohen. ``World War 3 ... Information Warfare Basics''. ISBN 1-878109-40-5 (2006). ASP Press.
* Appendix I: PSYOP Techniques ([[August 31]], [[1979]]). ''Psychological Operations Field Manual No.33-1''. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters; Department of the Army. ([http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm33-1/ partial contents here])
* Bytwerk, Randall L. ''Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic''. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-87013-710-7
* Edwards, John Carver. ''Berlin Calling: American Broadcasters in Service to the Third Reich''. New York, Prager Publishers, 1991. ISBN 0275939057
* Howe, Ellic. ''The Black Game: British Subversive Operations Against the German During the Second World War''. London: Futura, 1982.
*[[Aldous Huxley|Huxley, Aldous]]. ''[[Brave New World]] Revisited'', New York: Harper, 1958
*[[Jacques Ellul|Ellul, Jacques]]. ''Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes''. Trans. Konrad Kellen & Jean Lerner. New York: Knopf, 1965. New York: Random House/ Vintage 1973
* Hindery, Roderick, "The Anatomy of Propaganda within Religious Terrorism", Humanist, March-April 2003, 16-19.
* [[Gustave Le Bon|Le Bon, Gustave]], ''The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind'', 1897 (1895 original version)
* Linebarger, Paul M. A. (aka [[Cordwainer Smith]]). ''Psychological Warfare''. Washington, D.C., Infantry Journal Press, 1948.
* Nelson, Richard Alan. [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR9261.aspx ''A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States'']. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press, 1996. ISBN 0-313-29261-2.
*Rouse, Ed. ''The PsyWarrior''. Retrieved from http://www.psywarrior.com.
*Jeanne Boros Class Lessons
* Young, Emma ([[October 10]], [[2001]]) [http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99991404 Psychological warfare waged in Afghanistan]. ''New Scientist''.
* Shirer, William L. ''Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934-1941.'' New York: Albert A. Knopf, 1942.
* Stauber, John, and Rampton, Sheldon ''[http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy.html Toxic Sludge Is Good for You! Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry]'' Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1995.
</div>

==Further reading==
{{Quote_box|
width=40%|align=right
|quote="Here may lie the most important effect of mass communication, its ability to mentally order and organize our world for us. In short, the mass media may not be successful in telling us what to think, but they are stunningly successful in telling us what to think about."|source=Shaw & McCombs, ''The Emergence of American Political Issues'', 1977|
}}
* Altheide, David L. & Johnson, John M. ''Bureaucratic Propaganda''. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. (1980)
* J. A. C. Brown ''Techniques of Persuasion: From Propaganda to Brainwashing'' Harmondsworth: Pelican (1963)
* [[John H. Brown]]. [http://uscpublicdiplomacy.com/index.php/newsroom/pdblog_detail/060629_two_ways_of_looking_at_propaganda/ "Two Ways of Looking at Propaganda"] (2006)
* Robert Cole. ''Propaganda in Twentieth Century War and Politics'' (1996)
* Robert Cole, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Propaganda'' (3 vol 1998)
* Combs, James E. & Nimmo, Dan. ''The New Propaganda: The Dictatorship of Palaver in Contemporary Politics''. White Plains, N.Y. Longman. (1993)
* [[Nicholas J. Cull|Nicholas John Cull]], David Culbert, and David Welch, eds. '' Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present'' (2003)
* Cunningham, Stanley, B. ''The Idea of Propaganda: A Reconstruction''. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. (2002)
* Edward S. Herman & [[Noam Chomsky]]. ''Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media''. New York: Pantheon Books. (1988)
* Jowett, Garth S. and O'Donnell, Victoria. ''Propaganda and Persuasion '' 4th edition. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage (2006)
* Kenez, Peter. ''The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (1985)
* Kevin R. Kosar. [http://kevinrkosar.com/chicago-sun-times-01-29-06.pdf "Is Propaganda Legal?"] Chicago Sun-Times, [[January 29]], [[2006]].
* Kevin R. Kosar. [http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32750.pdf Public Relations and Propaganda: Restrictions on Executive Branch Activities], CRS Report RL32750, February 2005.
*Kevin R. Kosar. [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2005.00277.x?journalCode=psq "The Law: The Executive Branch and Propaganda: The Limits of Legal Restrictions"] Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 35 Iss. 4 Page 784-797, December 2005.
* [[Harold D. Lasswell]]. ''Propaganda Technique in World War I''. Cambridge, Mass: The M.I.T. Press. (1971)
* [[Gustave Le Bon|Le Bon, Gustave]], ''The Crowd: a study of the Popular Mind'' (1895)
* [[John R. MacArthur]]. ''Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War''. New York: Hill and Wang. (1992)
* [[Randal Marlin]]. ''Propaganda & The Ethics of Persuasion''. Orchard Park, New York: Broadview Press. (2002)
* McCombs M. E. & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. ''Public Opinion Quarterly, 36'', 176-87.
* Paul M. Linebarger. ''Psychological Warfare''. International Propaganda and Communications. ISBN 0-405-04755-X (1948)
* Pratkanis, Anthony & Aronson, Elliot. ''Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion''. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. (1992)
* Rutherford, Paul. ''Endless Propaganda: The Advertising of Public Goods''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (2000)
* Rutherford, Paul. ''Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Marketing the War Against Iraq''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (2004)
* [[Nancy Snow]]. [http://www.nancysnow.com/ "American Persuasion, Influence and Propaganda"]
* Sproule, J. Michael. ''Channels of Propaganda''. Bloomington, IN: EDINFO Press. (1994)
* [http://www.getcited.org/mbrz/11103584 David R.Willcox],[http://www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=&isbn=0415407915&parent_id=&pc=/shopping_cart/search/search.asp?search%3Dpropaganda%26sortBy%3D1%26pn%3D2 ''Propaganda, the Press and Conflict'' (2005)]


==Artists Not Included==
==External links==
*[[My Chemical Romance]] was asked to do a song for the soundtrack. The song they wrote was called "Sister to Sleep". But the song didn't make it on the soundtrack because they didn't finish recording in time.
{{commons|propaganda}}
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/propaganda/index_e.html Canadian Wartime Propaganda - Canadian War Museum]
*[http://www.prwatch.org/ PR Watch]
* [http://hnn.us/articles/20418.html Is Government Propaganda Legal? Well...]
*[http://www.spinwatch.org Spinwatch]
* [http://members.home.nl/ww2propaganda/ World War II propaganda leaflets]: A website about airdropped, shelled or rocket fired propaganda leaflets. Some posters also.
* [http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Military.asp War, Propaganda and the Media]: from GlobalIssues.org
* [http://www.propagandacritic.com Propaganda Critic]: A website devoted to propaganda analysis.
* [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB78/ Documentation on Early Cold War U.S. Propaganda Activities in the Middle East] by the National Security Archive. Collection of 148 documents and overview essay.
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12456a.htm Sacred Congregation of Propaganda] from the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]
* [http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/ Stefan Landsberger's Chinese Propaganda Poster Pages]
* Bytwerk, Randall, "''[http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/index.htm Nazi and East German Propaganda Guide Page]''". Calvin College.
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/arttopic/pstr-rec/n-recpst.htm US Navy recruiting posters archive]
* [http://www.centcom.mil/galleries/leaflets/showleaflets.asp US Central Command (CENTCOM) archive of propaganda leaflets dropped in Iraq]
* [http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufacturing_Consent.html Manufacturing Consent] by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky
* [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/wwpost/ Over 400 posters from World Wars II & II] (searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] & [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/wwpost/1f/world_war_posters.pdf layered PDF] format)
* [http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php Psywar.org]'s large collection of propaganda leaflets from various conflicts
* [http://www.pyang.su Pyongyang Chronicles]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/7531260.stm "North Korea's art of propaganda"], BBC, July 29, 2007: images of North Korean propaganda posters
* [http://www.transpacificradio.com/2007/02/26/nazi1/ CBC Radio's "Nazi Eyes On Canada" (1942)], series with Hollywood stars promoting Canadian War Bonds
* [http://dlxs.richmond.edu/w/wtp/index.html America at War], a digital collection of World War II-era American propaganda pamphlets and additional material
* [http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/posters2.htm Archive of Nazi propaganda]
{{Propaganda}}


*[[System of a Down]], [[Cannibal Corpse]], [[Diamond Head (band)|Diamond Head]], [[Limp Bizkit]] and [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]] were at one point mentioned to be artists featured on the soundtrack, but did not make it onto the final track listing.
[[Category:Propaganda| ]]
[[Category:Psychological warfare]]
[[Category:Promotion and marketing communications]]
[[Category:Posters]]
[[Category:Public opinion]]
[[Category:Mind control]]
[[Category:Brainwashing techniques]]


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Revision as of 19:52, 12 October 2008

Untitled

Freddy vs. Jason is the soundtrack to the film of the same name. It was released on August 12, 2003 on Roadrunner Records. The album features 20 tracks, fourteen of them previously unreleased, by several heavy metal and nu metal bands.

The soundtrack is perhaps most notable for featuring a large number of songs that were previously unreleased as well as featuring the first new Killswitch Engage song with Howard Jones as lead vocalist.

Track listing

† Indicates songs that were previously unreleased.

  1. "How Can I Live"† performed by Ill Niño – 3:18
  2. "When Darkness Falls"† performed by Killswitch Engage – 4:02
  3. "Beginning of the End"† performed by Spineshank – 3:32
  4. "Sun Doesn't Rise"† performed by Mushroomhead – 3:16
  5. "Condemned Until Rebirth"† performed by Hatebreed – 2:07
  6. "Snap"†performed by Slipknot – 2:42
  7. "Army of Me"† performed by Chimaira – 4:21
  8. "The After Dinner Payback"† performed by From Autumn To Ashes – 2:50
  9. "Leech"† performed by Sevendust – 4:30
  10. "Bombshell" performed by Powerman 5000 – 3:14
  11. "Welcome to the Strange"† performed by Murderdolls – 4:19
  12. "Out of My Way"† performed by Seether – 3:51
  13. "Inside the Cynic"† performed by Stone Sour – 3:23
  14. "Swinging The Dead"† performed by DevilDriver – 3:38
  15. "The Waste"† performed by Sepultura with Mike Patton – 3:39
  16. "Middle of Nowhere" performed by The Blank Theory – 4:05
  17. "Ether" performed by Nothingface – 3:43
  18. "Trigger" performed by In Flames – 4:56
  19. "11th Hour" performed by Lamb of God – 3:44
  20. "(We Were) Electrocute" performed by Type O Negative – 6:49

Personnel

  • Rob Arnold - Producer
  • Jay Baumgardner - Mixing
  • Howard Benson - Producer, Mixing
  • Daniel Bergstrand - Producer, Mixing
  • Micaela Boland - Package Design
  • Bobby Brooks - Mixing
  • Paul Broucek - Executive in Charge of Music
  • Dave Chavarre - Producer
  • Monte Conner - A&R
  • Terry Date - Producer
  • Tom Decker - Producer
  • Jessica Dolinger - Music Clearance
  • Adam Dutkiewicz - Producer, Mixing
  • Anders Fridén - Mixing
  • Bill Gaal - Producer
  • GGGarth - Producer
  • Mike Gitter A&R
  • Ben Grosse - Producer, Mixing
  • Ross Hogarth - Producer, Mixing
  • Mark Hunter - Producer
  • Matt Hyde - Producer
  • James Iha - Producer
  • Ted Jensen - Mastering
  • Joey Jordison - Producer
  • Bill Kennedy - Producer, Mixing
  • Lamb of God - Producer, Mixing
  • George Marino - Compilation, Mastering
  • Bob Marlette - Producer
  • Mushroomhead - Producer
  • Boris Elkis - Programming
  • UE Nastasi - Compilation
  • Orjan Ornkloo - Mixing
  • Tim Patalan - Producer
  • Colin Richardson - Mixing
  • Mike Sarkisyan - Producer
  • Adam Schlesinger - Producer
  • Annie Searles - Music Clearance
  • Sepultura - Producer
  • Christopher Shaw - Mixing
  • Josh Silver - Producer, Mixing
  • Slipknot - Producer
  • Randy Staub - Mixing
  • Pete Steele - Producer, Mixing
  • Stone Sour - Producer
  • Tom Tatman - Producer
  • Shaun Thingvold - Mixing
  • Devin Townsend - Producer
  • Michelle Van Arendonk - A&R, Executive Music Supervisor
  • Andy Wallace - Mixing
  • Mike Wallace - Mixing
  • Ulrich Wild - Producer, Mixing
  • Toby Wright - Mixing

Chart positions

Album

Year Album Chart Position
2003 Freddy vs. Jason The Billboard 200 25
2003 Freddy vs. Jason Top Soundtracks 4

Singles

Year Single Chart Position
2003 "How Can I Live" Mainstream Rock Tracks 26

Artists Not Included

  • My Chemical Romance was asked to do a song for the soundtrack. The song they wrote was called "Sister to Sleep". But the song didn't make it on the soundtrack because they didn't finish recording in time.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propaganda&oldid=244833028"