País LLïonés and China Radio International: Difference between pages

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rm biased view in lead: CPJ isn't a reliable source w.r.t. this article; neutral tone says that we don't infer anything about the gov't, only the station
 
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{{Cleanup|date=December 2007}}
The '''País Llïonés''' ([[Leonese language|Leonese]] for ''Leonese Country''), according to some secessionist parties which call for its independence from Castile and León (Spain), like the [[Leonese People's Union]], would encompass roughly the territory of the proposed [[Comunidad Autónoma de León]] (current Spanish provinces of [[León (province)|León]], [[Salamanca (province)|Salamanca]] and [[Zamora (province)|Zamora]] in the [[Castile and León|Autonomous Community of Castilla y León]]). Its capital would be the city of [[León, Spain|León]], now capital of the eponymous province.
{{Expand|article|date=March 2007}}
{{Infobox Radio station
| name = China Radio International
| image =
| city = Beijing
| area = {{flagcountry|China}}
| branding =
| slogan =
| airdate = December 3, 1941
| frequency =
| format = Foreign language radio shows
| power =
| erp =
| class =
| callsign_meaning =
| former_callsigns =
| owner = People's Republic of China
| webcast =
| website = [http://www.cri.cn CRI], [http://english.cri.cn CRI in English]
| affiliations =
}}


'''China Radio International (CRI)''', (Chinese: 中国国际广播电台, Pinyin: Zhōng Guó Guó Jì Guǎng Bō Diàn Tái) the former ''Radio Beijing'' and originally ''Radio Peking'', is one of the two state-owned national [[radio]] [[broadcasting]] [[radio network|networks]] in the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). CRI was founded on [[December 3]] of 1941.
The ''País Llïonés'' is inspired by the [[Kingdom of León]], but it is worthwhile to note that it doesn't claim the northern part of the ancient Kingdom, the [[Asturias|Principality of Asturias]], now an autonomous community of its own within [[Spain]] or the south (Extremadura), but the leonese cultural territories.


As the PRC's external radio station, CRI aims at promoting understanding and friendship between the people of China and people throughout the world. CRI broadcasts 290 hours of programs each day to all over the world in 43 languages. CRI's programs include news, current affairs, and features on politics, the economy, culture, science and technology.
Although the majority of the population speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]], the supporters of independence promote the use of the [[Leonese language]], or ''Llïonés''.


The station is government-owned, and as such adopts the government stance on issues, such as [[Taiwan]] being an integral part of the PRC. It has the most comprehensive foreign service of Asia. More than 50 [[shortwave]] transmitters are used to cover most of the world. In addition, CRI broadcasts can be heard on the [[medium-wave]] [[AM radio|AM]] band in many areas, including [[WUST]], serving the [[Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area]] and on [[WNWR]] in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. CRI is also broadcast via the Internet and numerous satellites, and the [[World Radio Network]].
Nationalists <ref>[http://www.conceyu.net]</ref> claims too for an independent country where would be involved territories such as the Portoghese District of Braganza and so others into Spain like Valdeorras (Galicia) and another ones from the provinces of Cantabria and Castile.


==History==
The proposed flag for this country would be the current flag, red with the Leonese shield in the centre (on a white background a crowned red lion) surmounted by a crown.
Radio originally developed in China in the 1920s and 1930s. However, few households had radio receivers. A few cities had commercial stations. However, most usage of radio was for political purpose, frequently on a local area level.


The Chinese Communist Party first used radio in [[Yan'an|Yanan]] in March 1940 with a transmitter brought back from [[Moscow]]. [[Xinhua]] New Chinese Radio (XNCR) went on the air from Yanan on [[December 30]], [[1940]]. XNCR transmitted to a larger geographical area after 1945, and its programs became more regular and formalised with broadcasts of news, official announcements, war bulletins, and art and literary programs.
== See also ==
*[[Kingdom of León]]
*[[Leonese language]]
*[[List of not fully sovereign nations]]


The English Service started at [[Shahe]] Village in the [[Taihang Mountains]] in [[Hebei]] Province on [[September 11]], [[1947]], when China was in a civil war. This was done with the hope of spreading its political and cultural perspective beyond China and to the world at large.<ref>Chang, Won Ho, "Mass Media in China: The History and the Future", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989, pp. 151-152.</ref> XNCR, as it was called then, started in a cave-like studio in the mountains. Its mission was to provide information about the newly conquered areas. <ref>China Radio International, [http://english.cri.cn/about/history.htm History and Milestones: CRI English Service]</ref>
== External links ==
*[http://paislliones.info/ Pais Lliones - The Quest for Independence]
*[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es%7Dleon.html Proposed flag]


The station moved from the Taihang Mountains to [[Beijing|Peking]], China's capital, when The People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. Its name was changed to Radio Peking on [[April 10]], [[1950]]. In the 1960s, the station was known for its [[propaganda]] programming supporting the [[Cultural Revolution]] under [[Mao Zedong]]. At the time, it had a relay station in [[Albania]], but nowhere else. Radio Peking, by that name, remained on the air until 1983, when the station's name was changed to Radio Beijing.


On [[January 1]], [[1993]], the name of the station was again changed, this time to China Radio International in order to avoid any confusion with local Beijing radio broadcasting.


==Short wave/international broadcasting==
{{Spain-stub}}


CRI broadcasts via [[shortwave radio]], satellite and the Internet in English and numerous other languages (see below). There are also numerous AM and FM relays. Frequencies for short wave and the relays are available on CRI's website at [http://english.cri.cn/webcast/ways.htm].
[[Category:Castile and León]]
[[Category:Spanish secession]]
Short wave in English is targeted at North America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific. CRI is notable for maintaining direct short-wave broadcasts to developed, media-rich countries in North America and Europe. Broadcasts to these regions have been reduced or ceased by major Western broadcasters such as [[BBC World Service]], the [[Voice of America]] and [[Radio Netherlands]] (e.g. [http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/02/18/business/bbc.php]).


==Programming==
[[an:País Lionés]]
===Mandarin Channel===
[[ast:País Llionés]]
====CRI News Radio (FM 90.5)====
[[ca:País Lleonès]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:CRINewsRadio.jpg|right]] -->
[[es:País Leonés]]
CRI News Radio can be heard online and in Beijing on the radio on 90.5 FM . The broadcast is primarily done in Mandarin Chinese.
[[eu:Leongo Herria]]
* 环球自助宝典 (Round the world)
[[fr:País Llïonés]]
* 档案揭密 (News File)
* 环球娱乐圈 (World Entertainment News)
* 巅峰体坛 (Mountain Sports)
* 环球名人坊 (Celebrity Focus)
* 老外看点 (World Focus)
* 时尚快行线 (Latest Fashion News)
* 环球书吧 (Round the World Book News)

(Source: http://www.globalfm.cn/)

====Chinese podcasts====
The following programs can be heard on the Mandarin version of the podcast from the [[World Radio Network]]:
* News (Chinese: 新闻节目 Pinyin: ''xīn wén jié mù''), which comes from the [[Xinhua News Agency]].
* ''Tángrénjiē'' (Chinese: 唐人街 English translation: "Chinatown"), a program about overseas Chinese (outside China)
* Weather forecasts around China
* Sports

This broadcast was originally targeted for [[London]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. As of 2006, they had removed the "London" reference, which was part of the introduction as ''"Ni hao London. Hello London"''.

(Source: http://gb.chinabroadcast.cn/)

----

===English Channel===
====CRI in English (88.7 FM, 91.5 FM, 846 AM, 1008 AM)====
The CRI English channels that can be heard online are:
* ''[[Round the Clock]]'' (Internet only)
* ''News Center'' (846 AM in Beijing)
* ''[[Hit FM (Beijing)|Hit FM]]'' (88.7 FM in Beijing(24H All Day),88.5 FM in Guangzhou(06:00--21:00 Beijing Time) )
* ''[[Easy FM]]'' (91.5 FM in Beijing(24H All Day),87.9 FM in Shanghai(Shanghai Edition)(24H All Day),98.5 FM in Lanzhou)
* ''Language Studio'' (1008 AM in Beijing) - a one hour program that teaches English for someone who only knows Mandarin (not to be confused with [[Chinese Studio]]). The program will sound like a kindergarten English lesson in the USA using very simple sentences (i.e. ''Mary goes to the bank'').
* [[CRI 91.9 FM]] (''Kenya 91.9 FM'').
* [[Chinese Studio]] is a 5 minute segment that follows most CRI English programs
* [[China Drive]] is an English radio show about life in China

====English Podcasts====
The English podcast from the [[World Radio Network]] includes the following programs, all of which are also played on [[Easy FM]], [[CRI 91.9 FM]] in Kenya, and in radio stations throughout the world.
* ''Hourly News''
* ''News & Reports''
* ''People in the Know''
* ''Press Clippings''
* ''[[Realtime China]]''
* ''[[China Drive]]''
* ''Song of the Day''
* ''Africa Express''
* ''[[Chinese Studio]]'' (sponsored by the Bridge School)

===Holiday Broadcasts===
During major Chinese holidays (dubbed [[Golden Week (China)|Golden Week]]), such as [[Chinese New Year]], [[May Day]], and [[Mid-Autumn Festival]], China Radio International typically broadcasts special programs such as:
* ''Growing Up In China'' (during the May Day holiday)

Most of these programs are not typical of the broadcast during the other parts of the year. The analogy is similar to Christmas music broadcasts in the United States.

===Languages===
China Radio International broadcasts in the following languages:
{|width=45%
|-valign=top
|width=15%|
[[Albanian language|Albanian]]<br>
[[Arabic language|Arabic]]<br>
[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br>
[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]<br>
[[Burmese language|Burmese]]<br>
[[Croatian language|Croatian]]<br>
[[Cambodian language|Cambodian]]<br>
[[Mandarin Chinese]]<br>
[[Czech language|Czech]]<br>
[[English language|English]]<br>
|width=15%|
[[Esperanto language|Esperanto]]<br>
[[Filipino language|Filipino]]<br>
[[French language|French]]<br>
[[German language|German]]<br>
[[Hausa language|Hausa]]<br>
[[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br>
[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]<br>
[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]<br>
[[Italian language|Italian]]<br>
[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]<br>
[[Korean language|Korean]]<br>
|width=15%|
[[Laotian language|Laotian]]<br>
[[Malay language|Malay]]<br>
[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]<br>
[[Nepali language|Nepali]]<br>
[[Persian language|Persian]]<br>
[[Polish language|Polish]]<br>
[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<br>
[[Pashto language|Pashto]]<br>
[[Romanian language|Romanian]]<br>
[[Russian language|Russian]]<br>
[[Serbian language|Serbian]]<br>
|width=15%|
[[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]]<br>
[[Spanish language|Spanish]]<br>
[[Swahili language|Swahili]]<br>
[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br>
[[Thai language|Thai]]<br>
[[Turkish language|Turkish]]<br>
[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]<br>
[[Urdu language|Urdu]]<br>
[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]<br>
|}

(Source: http://www.chinabroadcast.cn )‎‏

===Olympic Radio===
In July 2006, CRI launched a new radio station called CRI Olympic Radio at 900 AM in Beijing. This special broadcast is done in Mandarin, Korean, English, Russian, French, Spanish, Arabic, Japanese and German 24 hours a day.

== Postal address ==

中国北京市石景山路甲16号中国国际广播电台

Zhōng Guó Běi Jīng Shì Shí Jǐng Shān Lù Jiǎ 16 Hào Zhōng Guó Guó Jì Guǎng Bō Diàn Tái, CHINA

邮编 (postcode): 100040

''sedamo'': [http://sedamo.info/PKRCTMYA PK-RC-TM-YA]

Another [[romanisation]] of the address found on the CRI website (e.g, [http://english.cri.cn/4026/2008/07/10/191s379345.htm]) is:

'''16 A Shijingshan Road, Beijing, China'''

On the English radio service, the postal addresses is simplified and [[anglicise]]d as:

'''China Radio International, Beijing 100040, China'''

== Notes ==
<references/>

== Bibliography ==
* Bishop, Robert L., "Qi Lai! Mobilizing One Billion Chinese: The Chinese Communication System", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989. ISBN 0813802962
* Chang, Won Ho, "Mass Media in China: The History and the Future", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989.
* Hamm, Charles, "Music and Radio in the PRC," Asian Music, Spring/Summer 1991, vXXII, n2, p.28-29.
* Howkins, John, "Mass Communication in China", New York: Annenberg/ Longman Communication Books, 1982.

==External links==
* [http://www.crienglish.com CRI English]
* [http://www.npr.org/about/press/000417.wrn.html Commentary about CRI in the US]
*[http://dxradio.50webs.com SWDXER] ¨The SWDXER¨ - with general SWL information and radio antenna tips.
* [http://misterscience.blogspot.com Mr Science segment from China Drive]
* [http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Harbor/6080/Thesis/Ch2-1.htm The History of Culture and Mass Media in China]
* [http://www.radioguide.fm/internet_radio_china Radio China]

{{China Radio International}}
{{Chinese-language radio}}

[[Category:China Radio International| ]]
[[Category:Chinese-language radio stations]]
[[Category:Mandarin-language radio stations]]
[[Category:Communist propaganda]]
[[Category:Propaganda organisations]]
[[Category:External services (broadcasting)]]

[[ar:إذاعة الصين]]
[[zh-min-nan:Tiong-kok Kok-chè Kóng-pò͘ Tiān-tâi]]
[[cs:Čínský rozhlas pro zahraničí]]
[[de:Radio China International]]
[[es:China Radio International]]
[[eo:Ĉina Radio Internacia]]
[[fr:Radio Chine Internationale]]
[[ko:중국국제방송]]
[[it:Radio Cina Internazionale]]
[[ja:中国国際放送]]
[[sr:Међународни радио Кине]]
[[fi:China Radio International]]
[[zh:中国国际广播电台]]

Revision as of 12:18, 13 October 2008

China Radio International
  • Beijing
Broadcast area China
Programming
FormatForeign language radio shows
Ownership
OwnerPeople's Republic of China
History
First air date
December 3, 1941
Links
WebsiteCRI, CRI in English

China Radio International (CRI), (Chinese: 中国国际广播电台, Pinyin: Zhōng Guó Guó Jì Guǎng Bō Diàn Tái) the former Radio Beijing and originally Radio Peking, is one of the two state-owned national radio broadcasting networks in the People's Republic of China (PRC). CRI was founded on December 3 of 1941.

As the PRC's external radio station, CRI aims at promoting understanding and friendship between the people of China and people throughout the world. CRI broadcasts 290 hours of programs each day to all over the world in 43 languages. CRI's programs include news, current affairs, and features on politics, the economy, culture, science and technology.

The station is government-owned, and as such adopts the government stance on issues, such as Taiwan being an integral part of the PRC. It has the most comprehensive foreign service of Asia. More than 50 shortwave transmitters are used to cover most of the world. In addition, CRI broadcasts can be heard on the medium-wave AM band in many areas, including WUST, serving the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area and on WNWR in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. CRI is also broadcast via the Internet and numerous satellites, and the World Radio Network.

History

Radio originally developed in China in the 1920s and 1930s. However, few households had radio receivers. A few cities had commercial stations. However, most usage of radio was for political purpose, frequently on a local area level.

The Chinese Communist Party first used radio in Yanan in March 1940 with a transmitter brought back from Moscow. Xinhua New Chinese Radio (XNCR) went on the air from Yanan on December 30, 1940. XNCR transmitted to a larger geographical area after 1945, and its programs became more regular and formalised with broadcasts of news, official announcements, war bulletins, and art and literary programs.

The English Service started at Shahe Village in the Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province on September 11, 1947, when China was in a civil war. This was done with the hope of spreading its political and cultural perspective beyond China and to the world at large.[1] XNCR, as it was called then, started in a cave-like studio in the mountains. Its mission was to provide information about the newly conquered areas. [2]

The station moved from the Taihang Mountains to Peking, China's capital, when The People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. Its name was changed to Radio Peking on April 10, 1950. In the 1960s, the station was known for its propaganda programming supporting the Cultural Revolution under Mao Zedong. At the time, it had a relay station in Albania, but nowhere else. Radio Peking, by that name, remained on the air until 1983, when the station's name was changed to Radio Beijing.

On January 1, 1993, the name of the station was again changed, this time to China Radio International in order to avoid any confusion with local Beijing radio broadcasting.

Short wave/international broadcasting

CRI broadcasts via shortwave radio, satellite and the Internet in English and numerous other languages (see below). There are also numerous AM and FM relays. Frequencies for short wave and the relays are available on CRI's website at [1].

Short wave in English is targeted at North America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific. CRI is notable for maintaining direct short-wave broadcasts to developed, media-rich countries in North America and Europe. Broadcasts to these regions have been reduced or ceased by major Western broadcasters such as BBC World Service, the Voice of America and Radio Netherlands (e.g. [2]).

Programming

Mandarin Channel

CRI News Radio (FM 90.5)

CRI News Radio can be heard online and in Beijing on the radio on 90.5 FM . The broadcast is primarily done in Mandarin Chinese.

  • 环球自助宝典 (Round the world)
  • 档案揭密 (News File)
  • 环球娱乐圈 (World Entertainment News)
  • 巅峰体坛 (Mountain Sports)
  • 环球名人坊 (Celebrity Focus)
  • 老外看点 (World Focus)
  • 时尚快行线 (Latest Fashion News)
  • 环球书吧 (Round the World Book News)

(Source: http://www.globalfm.cn/)

Chinese podcasts

The following programs can be heard on the Mandarin version of the podcast from the World Radio Network:

  • News (Chinese: 新闻节目 Pinyin: xīn wén jié mù), which comes from the Xinhua News Agency.
  • Tángrénjiē (Chinese: 唐人街 English translation: "Chinatown"), a program about overseas Chinese (outside China)
  • Weather forecasts around China
  • Sports

This broadcast was originally targeted for London in the United Kingdom. As of 2006, they had removed the "London" reference, which was part of the introduction as "Ni hao London. Hello London".

(Source: http://gb.chinabroadcast.cn/)

English Channel

CRI in English (88.7 FM, 91.5 FM, 846 AM, 1008 AM)

The CRI English channels that can be heard online are:

  • Round the Clock (Internet only)
  • News Center (846 AM in Beijing)
  • Hit FM (88.7 FM in Beijing(24H All Day),88.5 FM in Guangzhou(06:00--21:00 Beijing Time) )
  • Easy FM (91.5 FM in Beijing(24H All Day),87.9 FM in Shanghai(Shanghai Edition)(24H All Day),98.5 FM in Lanzhou)
  • Language Studio (1008 AM in Beijing) - a one hour program that teaches English for someone who only knows Mandarin (not to be confused with Chinese Studio). The program will sound like a kindergarten English lesson in the USA using very simple sentences (i.e. Mary goes to the bank).
  • CRI 91.9 FM (Kenya 91.9 FM).
  • Chinese Studio is a 5 minute segment that follows most CRI English programs
  • China Drive is an English radio show about life in China

English Podcasts

The English podcast from the World Radio Network includes the following programs, all of which are also played on Easy FM, CRI 91.9 FM in Kenya, and in radio stations throughout the world.

Holiday Broadcasts

During major Chinese holidays (dubbed Golden Week), such as Chinese New Year, May Day, and Mid-Autumn Festival, China Radio International typically broadcasts special programs such as:

  • Growing Up In China (during the May Day holiday)

Most of these programs are not typical of the broadcast during the other parts of the year. The analogy is similar to Christmas music broadcasts in the United States.

Languages

China Radio International broadcasts in the following languages:

Albanian
Arabic
Bengali
Bulgarian
Burmese
Croatian
Cambodian
Mandarin Chinese
Czech
English

Esperanto
Filipino
French
German
Hausa
Hindi
Hungarian
Indonesian
Italian
Kazakh
Korean

Laotian
Malay
Mongolian
Nepali
Persian
Polish
Portuguese
Pashto
Romanian
Russian
Serbian

Sinhalese
Spanish
Swahili
Tamil
Thai
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Vietnamese

(Source: http://www.chinabroadcast.cn )‎‏

Olympic Radio

In July 2006, CRI launched a new radio station called CRI Olympic Radio at 900 AM in Beijing. This special broadcast is done in Mandarin, Korean, English, Russian, French, Spanish, Arabic, Japanese and German 24 hours a day.

Postal address

中国北京市石景山路甲16号中国国际广播电台

Zhōng Guó Běi Jīng Shì Shí Jǐng Shān Lù Jiǎ 16 Hào Zhōng Guó Guó Jì Guǎng Bō Diàn Tái, CHINA

邮编 (postcode): 100040

sedamo: PK-RC-TM-YA

Another romanisation of the address found on the CRI website (e.g, [3]) is:

16 A Shijingshan Road, Beijing, China

On the English radio service, the postal addresses is simplified and anglicised as:

China Radio International, Beijing 100040, China

Notes

  1. ^ Chang, Won Ho, "Mass Media in China: The History and the Future", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989, pp. 151-152.
  2. ^ China Radio International, History and Milestones: CRI English Service

Bibliography

  • Bishop, Robert L., "Qi Lai! Mobilizing One Billion Chinese: The Chinese Communication System", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989. ISBN 0813802962
  • Chang, Won Ho, "Mass Media in China: The History and the Future", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989.
  • Hamm, Charles, "Music and Radio in the PRC," Asian Music, Spring/Summer 1991, vXXII, n2, p.28-29.
  • Howkins, John, "Mass Communication in China", New York: Annenberg/ Longman Communication Books, 1982.

External links


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=País_LLïonés&oldid=244975520"