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{{Short description|Family of flies}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Stiphrosoma.sabulosum.short.winged.jpg
| oldest_fossil = Eocene
| image_caption = Short-winged form of ''[[Stiphrosoma sabulosum]]'' from Germany
| image = Anthomyza gracilis 02.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| image_caption = ''[[Anthomyza gracilis]]''
| taxon = Anthomyzidae
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| display_parents = 3
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| authority = Czerny, 1903
| ordo = [[Fly|Diptera]]
| superfamilia = [[Opomyzoidea]]
| familia = '''Anthomyzidae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = *''[[Amnonthomyza]]'' <small>Roháček, 1993</small>
| subdivision = *See text
*''[[Amygdalops]]'' <small>Lamb, 1914</small>
*''[[Anagnota]]'' <small>[[Theodor Becker|Becker]], 1902</small>
*''[[Anthomyza]]'' <small>[[Carl Fredrik Fallén|Fallén]], 1810</small>
*''[[Apterosepsis]]'' <small>Richards, 1962</small>
*''[[Barbarista]]'' <small>Roháček, 1993</small>
*''[[Cercagnota]]'' <small>Roháček & Freidberg, 1993</small>
*''[[Epischnomyia]]'' <small>Roháček, 2006</small>
*''[[Fungomyza]]'' <small>Roháček, 1999</small>
*''[[Ischnomyia]]'' <small>[[Hermann Loew|Loew]], 1863</small>
*''[[Margdalops]]'' <small>Roháček & Barraclough, 2003</small>
*''[[Mumetopia]]'' <small>[[Axel Leonard Melander|Melander]], 1913</small>
*''[[Paranthomyza]]'' <small>[[Leander Czerny|Czerny]], 1902</small>
*''[[Receptrixa]]'' <small>Roháček, 2006</small>
*''[[Santhomyza]]'' <small>Roháček, 1984</small>
*''[[Stiphrosoma]]'' <small>[[Leander Czerny|Czerny]], 1928</small>
*''[[Typhamyza]]'' <small>Roháček, 1992</small>
*''[[Zealantha]]'' <small>Roháček, 2007</small>
}}
}}


'''Anthomyzidae''' are small, slender, yellow to black [[flies]] with narrow and elongate wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from [[Europe]]. Although they occur in all major regions, they seem to be most varied in the [[Holarctic]] Region
'''Anthomyzidae''' is small, slender, yellow to black [[Fly|flies]] with narrow and elongated wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from [[Europe]]. Although they occur in all [[Ecoregion|major regions]], they seem to be most varied in the [[Holarctic]] region.


Around 20 diverse [[Genus|genera]] have been placed in the family. Two, ''Teratomyza'' and ''Teratoptera'' are now in [[Teratomyzidae]], and ''Cyamops'' and ''Stenomicra'' are in [[Stenomicridae]]. ''Melanthomyza'' Malloch from [[Chile]] should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.
Around 20 diverse [[Genus|genera]] have been placed in the family. Two, ''Teratomyza'' and ''Teratoptera'', are now in the [[Teratomyzidae]], and ''Cyamops'' and ''Stenomicra'' are in the [[Stenomicridae]]. ''Melanthomyza'' Malloch from [[Chile]] should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.


[[File:Anthomyzidae wing veins-1.svg|thumb|230px|left|Anthomyzidae wing veins]]
==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Anthomyzidae wing veins-1.svg|thumb|upright|left|Anthomyzidae wing veins]]
For terms see [[Morphology of Diptera]].
For terms see [[Morphology of Diptera]]

Minute to small (1.3mm.-4.5 mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel and rarely absent. There are 2-3 pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward present and usually preceded by 1 or more weaker bristles.Interfrontal bristles are absent or present.Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") present.In the more common ''Anthomyza'' and ''Paranthomyza'' the lower side of femur 1 has a well developed spine in apical third. Wings usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked.Some species are brachypterous).Costa with a subcostal break and subcosta incomplete.


These are minute to small (1.3-4.5&nbsp;mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel, and rarely absent. Two or three pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward, are present and usually preceded by one or more weaker bristles. Interfrontal bristles are absent or present. Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") are present. In the more common ''Anthomyza'' and ''Paranthomyza'', the lower side of femur 1 has a well-developed spine in apical third. Wings are usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked). Some species are brachypterous. The costa has a subcostal break and the subcosta is incomplete.


==Biology==
==Biology==
[[File:Anthomyza sp. oviposition - 2012-08-12.ogv|thumb|left|''Anthomyza'' sp. ovipositing on an old (empty) head of grass]]
Larvae have been reported from decaying [[dicotyledonous]] plants, and from [[fungi]] and, in Europe, from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of [[Typha]] , [[Scirpus]] and [[Juncus]], from [[Lipara galls]] on [[Phragmites]], It is possible that they may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but there seem to be no reports of damage to cereals or other plants.
Larvae have been reported from decaying [[dicotyledonous]] plants, from [[fungi]], and in Europe from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of ''[[Typha]], [[Scirpus]]'', and ''[[Juncus]]'', from ''[[Lipara]] galls on ''[[Phragmites]]''. They may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but damage to cereals or other plants has not been reported.


Adults of are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of Anthomyza and the brachypterous Stiphrosoma sabulosum (Haliday)).
Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of'' Anthomyza'' and the brachypterous ''Stiphrosoma sabulosum'').

==Further reading==
*Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae in (series) ''Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski'', 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish)
*Jindřich Roháček, 1996. Revision of Palaearctic ''Stiphrosoma'', including the ''Anthomyza-laeta'' group (Diptera, Anthomyzidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 93:89-120, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/624/eje_093_1_089_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology]
*Jindřich Roháček, 1998. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. Eur. J. Entomol. 95:141-177, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/394/eje_095_1_141_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology]
*Jindřich Roháček, 2006. ''A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae'' (Diptera), Part 1.published as supplement 1 of the Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Vol. 55 (2006) 326 pages, 661 black-and-white illustrations. ISSN 1211-3026, ISBN 80-86224-57-0
*Jindřich Roháček, 2007. ''Zealantha thorpei'' gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1576: 1–13 [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01576p013.pdf Zootaxa]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[[Encyclopedia of Life]] Checklist and images.
*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=63 Diptera.info] images


==Phylogeny==
==Phylogeny and taxa==
{{clade
{{clade
|label1=&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Opomyzoidea]]&nbsp;&nbsp;
|label1=&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Opomyzoidea]]&nbsp;&nbsp;
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|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=&nbsp;[[Fergusoninidae]]
|1=&nbsp;[[Fergusoninidae]]
|2=&nbsp;'''Agromyzidae'''
|2=&nbsp;[[Agromyzidae]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|label1=&nbsp;&nbsp;Opomyzoinea&nbsp;&nbsp;
|label1=&nbsp;&nbsp;Opomyzoinea&nbsp;&nbsp;
|1=&nbsp;[[Opomyzidae]]+[[Anthomyzidae]]
|1=&nbsp;[[Opomyzidae]]+'''Anthomyzidae'''
|2=&nbsp;Asteioinea
|2=&nbsp;Asteioinea
}}
}}
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}}
}}
}}
}}
[[file:Baltic amber fossil Anthomyzidae Fig5 Lacrimyza lacrimosa.png|thumb|right|upright|''[[Lacrimyza lacrimosa]]'' in [[Baltic Amber]]]]
[[file:Protanthomyza grimaldii holotype male fig1.jpg|thumb|right|upright|''[[Protanthomyza grimaldii]]'' in [[Baltic amber]]]]
[[File:Baltic amber fossil Anthomyzidae Fig4 Reliquantha eocena.png|thumb|right|upright|''[[Reliquantha eocena]]'' in [[Baltic amber]]]]
The family includes a number of genera in two subfamilies.<ref name="Roháček2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Roháček |first61=J. |year=2020 |title=''Protanthomyza grimaldii'' sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber |journal=ZooKeys |issue=973 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.973.51435 |pmid=33110370 |pmc=7550391 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*Subfamily [[Anthomyzinae]] {{small|Czerny, 1903}}
**''[[Amnonthomyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1993}}
**''[[Amygdalops]]'' {{small|Lamb, 1914}}
**''[[Anagnota]]'' {{small|[[Theodor Becker|Becker]], 1902}}
**''[[Anthomyza]]'' {{small|[[Carl Fredrik Fallén|Fallén]], 1810}}
**''[[Apterosepsis]]'' {{small|Richards, 1962}}
**''[[Barbarista]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1993}}
**''[[Carexomyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2009}}
**''[[Cercagnota]]'' {{small|Roháček & Freidberg, 1993}}
**''[[Epischnomyia]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2006}}
**''[[Fungomyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1999}}
**†''[[Grimalantha]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1998}} ([[Burdigalian]], [[Dominican amber]])
**''[[Ischnomyia]]'' {{small|[[Hermann Loew|Loew]], 1863}}
**†''[[Lacrimyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2013}} ([[Lutetian]], [[Baltic Amber]])
**''[[Margdalops]]'' {{small|Roháček & Barraclough, 2003}}
**''[[Mumetopia]]'' {{small|[[Axel Leonard Melander|Melander]], 1913}}
**''[[Paranthomyza]]'' {{small|[[Leander Czerny|Czerny]], 1902}}
**''[[Receptrixa]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2006}}
**''[[Reliquantha]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2014}} ([[Lutetian]], [[Baltic amber]])
**''[[Santhomyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1984}}
**''[[Stiphrosoma]]'' {{small|[[Leander Czerny|Czerny]], 1928}}
**''[[Typhamyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1992}}
**''[[Zealantha]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2007}}
*Subfamily †[[Protanthomyzinae]] {{small|Roháček, 1998}}
**†''[[Protanthomyza]]'' {{small|Hennig, 1965}} ([[Lutetian]], [[Baltic Amber]], [[Bitterfeld amber]])


==References==
{{wikispecies|Anthomyzidae}}
{{Reflist}}
{{commonscat|Anthomyzidae}}


==Further reading==
{{Diptera|2}}
*Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae in (series) ''Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski'', 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish)
*Jindřich Roháček, 1996. Revision of Palaearctic ''Stiphrosoma'', including the ''Anthomyza-laeta'' group (Diptera, Anthomyzidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 93:89-120, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/624/eje_093_1_089_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology]
*Jindřich Roháček, 1998. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. Eur. J. Entomol. 95:141-177, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/394/eje_095_1_141_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology]
*Jindřich Roháček, 2006. ''A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae'' (Diptera), Part 1.published as supplement 1 of the Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Vol. 55 (2006) 326 pages, 661 black-and-white illustrations. ISSN 1211-3026, {{ISBN|80-86224-57-0}}
*Jindřich Roháček, 2007. ''Zealantha thorpei'' gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1576: 1–13 [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01576p013.pdf Zootaxa]

===Species lists===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051015232652/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10883 West Palaearctic including Russia]
*[http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/anthomyzidae.html Australasian/Oceanian]
*[http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm Nearctic]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190527005729/http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mokuroku/ Japan]
*[http://eol.org/pages/512/overview World list]

==External links==
{{Wikispecies|Anthomyzidae}}
{{Commons category|Anthomyzidae}}
*[[Encyclopedia of Life]] - [http://eol.org/pages/512/media Family Anthomyzidae at EOL]
*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=63 Diptera.info] images


{{fly-stub}}
{{Diptera|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1617278}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Flies]]
[[Category:Anthomyzidae| ]]
[[Category:Insect families]]
[[Category:Brachycera families]]
[[Category:Anthomyzidae]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Revision as of 17:51, 15 October 2023

Anthomyzidae
Temporal range: Eocene–Recent
Anthomyza gracilis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Opomyzoidea
Family: Anthomyzidae
Czerny, 1903
Genera
  • See text

Anthomyzidae is small, slender, yellow to black flies with narrow and elongated wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from Europe. Although they occur in all major regions, they seem to be most varied in the Holarctic region.

Around 20 diverse genera have been placed in the family. Two, Teratomyza and Teratoptera, are now in the Teratomyzidae, and Cyamops and Stenomicra are in the Stenomicridae. Melanthomyza Malloch from Chile should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.

Description

Anthomyzidae wing veins

For terms see Morphology of Diptera

These are minute to small (1.3-4.5 mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel, and rarely absent. Two or three pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward, are present and usually preceded by one or more weaker bristles. Interfrontal bristles are absent or present. Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") are present. In the more common Anthomyza and Paranthomyza, the lower side of femur 1 has a well-developed spine in apical third. Wings are usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked). Some species are brachypterous. The costa has a subcostal break and the subcosta is incomplete.

Biology

Anthomyza sp. ovipositing on an old (empty) head of grass

Larvae have been reported from decaying dicotyledonous plants, from fungi, and in Europe from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of Typha, Scirpus, and Juncus, from Lipara galls on Phragmites. They may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but damage to cereals or other plants has not been reported.

Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of Anthomyza and the brachypterous Stiphrosoma sabulosum).

Phylogeny and taxa

  Opomyzoidea  
  Clusioinea  

 Clusiidae[1]

  Agromyzoinea  
  Opomyzoinea  

 Opomyzidae+Anthomyzidae

 Asteioinea

Lacrimyza lacrimosa in Baltic Amber
Protanthomyza grimaldii in Baltic amber
Reliquantha eocena in Baltic amber

The family includes a number of genera in two subfamilies.[2]

References

  1. ^ Nello schema di McAlpine, i Clusiidae sono in relazione con il genere Acartophthalmus, che secondo l'analisi cladistica di Buck (2006) va collocato nel clade dei Carnoidea. Vedi Acartophthalmidae.
  2. ^ Roháček (2020). "Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber". ZooKeys (973): 1–15. doi:10.3897/zookeys.973.51435. PMC 7550391. PMID 33110370.

Further reading

  • Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae in (series) Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski, 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish)
  • Jindřich Roháček, 1996. Revision of Palaearctic Stiphrosoma, including the Anthomyza-laeta group (Diptera, Anthomyzidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 93:89-120, ISSN 1210-5759 European Journal of Entomology
  • Jindřich Roháček, 1998. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. Eur. J. Entomol. 95:141-177, ISSN 1210-5759 European Journal of Entomology
  • Jindřich Roháček, 2006. A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera), Part 1.published as supplement 1 of the Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Vol. 55 (2006) 326 pages, 661 black-and-white illustrations. ISSN 1211-3026, ISBN 80-86224-57-0
  • Jindřich Roháček, 2007. Zealantha thorpei gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1576: 1–13 Zootaxa

Species lists

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Anthomyzidae.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anthomyzidae.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthomyzidae&oldid=1180286931"