Inverted breve: Difference between revisions
Thewords10 (talk | contribs) Complete mention of dedicated semivowel symbols; elaborated on typical use Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit |
|||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
===International Phonetic Alphabet=== |
===International Phonetic Alphabet=== |
||
In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], an inverted breve below is used to mark a vowel as non-syllabic, i.e. assuming the role of a [[semivowel]]. The diacritic thus expands upon the four primary symbols {{IPA|[j,{{nbsp}}w,{{nbsp}}ɥ,{{nbsp}}ɰ]}} the IPA reserves for semivowels, which correspond to the full vowels [i,{{nbsp}}u,{{nbsp}}y,{{nbsp}}ɯ], respectively. Any vowel is eligible for marking as non-syllabic; a frequent use of the diacritic is in conjunction with the centralised equivalents of the vowels just mentioned: {{IPA|[ɪ̯,{{nbsp}}ʊ̯,{{nbsp}}ʏ̯]}}. |
In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], an inverted breve below is used to mark a vowel as non-syllabic, i.e. assuming the role of a [[semivowel]]. The diacritic thus expands upon the four primary symbols {{IPA|[j,{{nbsp}}w,{{nbsp}}ɥ,{{nbsp}}ɰ]}} the IPA reserves for semivowels, which correspond to the full vowels {{IPA|[i,{{nbsp}}u,{{nbsp}}y,{{nbsp}}ɯ]}}, respectively. Any vowel is eligible for marking as non-syllabic; a frequent use of the diacritic is in conjunction with the centralised equivalents of the vowels just mentioned: {{IPA|[ɪ̯,{{nbsp}}ʊ̯,{{nbsp}}ʏ̯]}}. |
||
The same diacritic is placed under [[iota]] (ι̯) to represent the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] semivowel {{PIE|*y}} as it relates to Greek grammar; [[upsilon]] with an inverted breve (υ̯) is used alongside [[digamma]] (ϝ) to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel ''{{PIE|*w}}''.<ref>[[Herbert Weir Smyth]]. ''Greek Grammar''. [http://www.ccel.org/s/smyth/grammar/html/smyth_1a_uni.htm#20 par. 20 a]: semivowels.</ref> |
The same diacritic is placed under [[iota]] (ι̯) to represent the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] semivowel {{PIE|*y}} as it relates to Greek grammar; [[upsilon]] with an inverted breve (υ̯) is used alongside [[digamma]] (ϝ) to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel ''{{PIE|*w}}''.<ref>[[Herbert Weir Smyth]]. ''Greek Grammar''. [http://www.ccel.org/s/smyth/grammar/html/smyth_1a_uni.htm#20 par. 20 a]: semivowels.</ref> |
||
Revision as of 01:12, 15 May 2021
| In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek |
|
|---|---|
| In Early Cyrillic | |
| In Indic | |
| In other scripts | |
| Marks used as diacritics |
|
| Non-diacritic uses | |
| In Unicode |
|
Template:Letters with inverted breve Inverted breve or arch is a diacritical mark, shaped like the top half of a circle ( ̑ ), that is, like an upside-down breve (˘). It looks similar to the circumflex (ˆ), but the circumflex has a sharp tip; the inverted breve is rounded: compare Ȃ ȃ Ȇ ȇ Ȋ ȋ Ȏ ȏ Ȗ ȗ (inverted breve) versus  â Ê ê Î î Ô ô Û û (circumflex).
Inverted breve can occur above or below the letter. It is not used in any natural language alphabet,[citation needed] but only as a phonetic indicator though it is identical in form to the Ancient Greek circumflex.
Uses
Serbo-Croatian
The inverted breve above is used in traditional Slavicist notation of Serbo-Croatian phonology to indicate long falling accent. It is placed above the syllable nucleus, which can be one of five vowels (ȃ ȇ ȋ ȏ ȗ) or syllabic ȓ.
This use of the inverted breve is derived from the Ancient Greek circumflex, which was preserved in the polytonic orthography of Modern Greek and influenced[clarification needed] early Serbian Cyrillic printing through religious literature. In the early 19th century, it began to be used in both Latin and Cyrillic as a diacritic to mark prosody in the systematic study of the Serbian-Croatian linguistic continuum.
International Phonetic Alphabet
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, an inverted breve below is used to mark a vowel as non-syllabic, i.e. assuming the role of a semivowel. The diacritic thus expands upon the four primary symbols [j, w, ɥ, ɰ] the IPA reserves for semivowels, which correspond to the full vowels [i, u, y, ɯ], respectively. Any vowel is eligible for marking as non-syllabic; a frequent use of the diacritic is in conjunction with the centralised equivalents of the vowels just mentioned: [ɪ̯, ʊ̯, ʏ̯].
The same diacritic is placed under iota (ι̯) to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel *y as it relates to Greek grammar; upsilon with an inverted breve (υ̯) is used alongside digamma (ϝ) to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel *w.[1]
Encoding
Inverted breve characters are supported in Unicode and HTML code (decimal numeric character reference).
| Name | Letter | Unicode | HTML |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combining Inverted Breve | ◌̑ | U+0311 | ̑ |
| Combining Inverted Breve Below | ◌̯ | U+032F | ̯ |
| Combining Double Inverted Breve | ◌͡◌ | U+0361 | ͡ |
| Combining Double Inverted Breve Below | ◌᷼◌ | U+1DFC | ᷼ |
| Modifier Breve With Inverted Breve | ꭛ | U+AB5B | ꭛ |
| Latin Capital Letter A With Inverted Breve | Ȃ | U+0202 | Ȃ |
| Latin Small Letter A With Inverted Breve | ȃ | U+0203 | ȃ |
| Latin Capital Letter E With Inverted Breve | Ȇ | U+0206 | Ȇ |
| Latin Small Letter E With Inverted Breve | ȇ | U+0207 | ȇ |
| Latin Capital Letter I With Inverted Breve | Ȋ | U+020A | Ȋ |
| Latin Small Letter I With Inverted Breve | ȋ | U+020B | ȋ |
| Latin Capital Letter O With Inverted Breve | Ȏ | U+020E | Ȏ |
| Latin Small Letter O With Inverted Breve | ȏ | U+020F | ȏ |
| Latin Capital Letter R With Inverted Breve | Ȓ | U+0212 | Ȓ |
| Latin Small Letter R With Inverted Breve | ȓ | U+0213 | ȓ |
| Latin Capital Letter U With Inverted Breve | Ȗ | U+0216 | Ȗ |
| Latin Small Letter U With Inverted Breve | ȗ | U+0217 | ȗ |
In LaTeX the control \textroundcap{o} puts an inverted breve over the letter o.[2]
Notes
- ^ Herbert Weir Smyth. Greek Grammar. par. 20 a: semivowels.
- ^ "LaTeX for Classical Philologists and Indo-Europeanists". Retrieved 2010-09-23.[dead link]