.hack//Sign

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.hack//Sign
File:Hack SIGN title.png
.hack//Sign
GenreAdventure, Drama, Fantasy, Mystery, Science Fiction
Anime
Directed byKōichi Mashimo
StudioBee Train
Anime
.hack//Intermezzo, .hack//Unison, .hack//Gift
Directed byKōichi Mashimo
StudioBee Train
Related Works

.hack//Sign is an anime series created by Kōichi Mashimo and produced by studio Bee Train and Bandai Visual, that makes up one of the four original story lines of the .hack franchise. Twenty six original episodes aired on TV. Three additional bonus episodes were released on DVD as OVAs (Intermezzo, Unison, and Gift).[1] The series featured character design by Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, known for his work on Evangelion,[2] and screenplay by Kazunori Ito, who penned Ghost in the Shell.[3]

.hack//Sign premiered in Japan on TV Tokyo between April 4 2002 and September 25 2002, and has been broadcast across East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and other regions, by the anime television network, Animax, and across the United States by Cartoon Network and Canada by YTV. It is distributed across North America by Bandai Entertainment.

The series explores how technology (such as Internet and online games) can be used to escape reality and serve to isolate each other from making social connections, but also shows it can work in the opposite way as well, assisting people in forming the social ties a human needs to grow and mature.[4] This is seen specially in Tsukasa's struggles with his own social and emotional short comings. He acts cold towards others, even to those who want to help him. Yet, despite himself, as the story progresses he manages to connect with people, and realizes he has friends he can rely on.[5]

The storyline moves at a leisurely pace,[6] and has multiple layers[7]—the viewer is quite often fed false information and red herrings, plausibly leading to confusion until the true nature of events is revealed towards the end of the series.[8] It relies on character development and interaction between them (most of the time in the form of dialogue), and has little to no action scenes.[9][6]

Plot and backstory

Template:Spoiler

Part of the main cast of .hack//Sign at Mac Anu, Delta Server's Root Town

.hack starts in a fictional 2005, introducing a computer virus called Pluto's Kiss, which shuts down the entire Internet for 77 minutes.[10] The results are described as catastrophic: traffic lights shut down, planes collide in midair, and the United State's nuclear missiles are nearly launched. As a consequence, cyberspace is subjected to severe restrictions. The virus, which is revealed as been created by a 10 year old hacker from Los Angeles, affects all operating systems except for one, Altimit OS, which is introduced as the only operating system immune to all computer viruses.[11]

The story then moves on to two years later, when free access to the networks recovers and people are crazed over a virtual-reality MMORPG called The World, introduced as the first online game since Pluto's Kiss and developed for Altimit OS by CC Corporation.[10][3] The World is depicted as a fantasy setting wherein player characters can be different classes, adventure by themselves to go searching through dungeons, or join with others and form parties. Fight monsters and Level up, collect new items and learn spells/skills. The players start out in Root Towns, which contain shops, save points, and the Chaos Gate that they use to travel to different servers in the game[3][12]

This leads to the main plot point of the .hack series, which is the fact that The World is actually a virtual womb, designed by a genius German programmer called Harald Hoerwick in order to create the ultimate AI, by receiving emotional and psychological data from the players of the game. Harald's motivation is revealed to be the death of Emma Wielant, a German poet whom he was in love with;[13] the AI, who was named Aura, would serve as the "daughter" he never had with her.[14] The gathering of the required data for Aura's development was in charge of the core system of The World itself; an omnipresent AI called Morganna Mode Gone.[14][11]

Many of the events in the .hack franchise revolve around Morganna's attemptes to stall the growth of Aura indefinitely, as she realizes she will lose her purpose once Aura is complete.[14][11][13] This sets the background for the storyline of .hack//Sign, that takes place in early 2010,[10] when a Wavemaster named Tsukasa gets mind-trapped into the game itself; Tsukasa's body is in a coma in real life, but Tsukasa the player character is still playing the game.[15]

As the story progresses many characters are introduced, some who want to help, some who have more selfish goals. Then the questions grow to what is happening in the game itself, who are these various characters, what are their true goals and what will happen to Tsukasa. All the while he is seen struggling with his increasingly dire situation as well as his own social and emotional short comings. Tsukasa isolates him self, but eventually he manages to build strong relationships with various characters. None is more important than that which is born between him and Subaru.[16][17][5]

Near the end of the series Tsukasa is told Morganna's plan by a highly skilled hacker called Helba; Morganna conceived the plan to link Aura to a character who could corrupt her with negative emotional data, placing her in a state where she would never awaken. The chosen character was Tsukasa, as his player's life was full of sorrow.[18]

The story reachs its climax when Tsukasa finally faces Morganna. There he declares that he is no longer afraid of her or of reality and that he will log out and meet Subaru, which triggers Aura's awakening.[19] The last scenes feature Tsukasa finally able to log out and meet Subaru in real life.[20]

Characters

The characters' names as officially defined by Bandai and CyberConnect2 are listed first, followed by the name in Japanese. The romaji rendering of the Japanese name is given as an aside in certain cases (most notably that of Silver Knight, whose name was translated literally).

See individual articles for more detail.

Main characters

File:Tsukasa-hack-cortado1.png

Tsukasa (司) is a Wavemaster and the main character of .hack//Sign. At the start of the series, he wakes up to find himself in a dungeon in The World, but he has no idea why he is there or who he is. Not much time passes until Tsukasa discovers he is trapped in the game, unable to log out. He is initially depicted as a cynical loner, and tends to avoid others as much as possible, but at the story progresses he begins to warm up to Mimiru, Bear, Subaru, and others.

Voiced by: Mitsuki Saiga (Japanese); Brianne Siddall (English)

File:Subaru-hack-cortado2.png

Subaru (昴) is a female Heavy Axeman and the leader of the Crimson Knights, a player organization designed to fight injustice in The World. At times she seems to be the only character preventing the Crimson Knights from running wild; she knows that they must restrain from abusing their power. She eventually joins in the search for Tsukasa, and builds a strong relationship with him.

Voiced by: Kaori Nazuka (Japanese); Kim Mai Guest (English)

File:Mimiru-hack-cortado.png

Mimiru (ミミル) is a Heavy Blade who plays her character as a tough-it-out-through-anything, devil-may-care fighter who is poor at planning things out and following through on them. She is the first player to meet Tsukasa, and later tries to form a bond with him in order to protect him. She usually hangs out with Bear, trying to solve the mystery of Tsukasa's inability to log out.

Voiced by: Megumi Toyoguchi (Japanese); Amanda Winn-Lee (English)

File:Bear-hack-cortado.png

Bear (ベア, Bea) is an older player of the game and plays a Blademaster. He is cool and collected, and likes to help out newbies in the game, always giving off an experienced air. He also conducts research in the real world on Tsukasa in the attempt to try to figure out who he really is; he is in fact the first character who discovers Tsukasa's real life identity. Bear usually hangs out with Mimiru and BT.

Voiced by: Kazuhiro Nakata (Japanese); Paul Mercier (English)

File:BT-hack-cortado1.png

BT is a Wavemaster in the game. She is a plotting and scheming character who forms friendships just to achieve a goal. She rarely ventures out to fight monsters, but she is good with both offensive and defensive magic. BT teams up with Sora and Crim to find the Key of the Twilight, a rumored powerful rare item; her quest leads her to the upside down dungeon, where she discoveres the AI Harald.

Voiced by: Akiko Hiramatsu (Japanese); Donna Rawlins (English)

File:Sora-hack-cortado.png

Sora (楚良) is a Twin Blade player killer who enjoys hunting players down, specially attractive female ones, and demanding their Member Addresses in exchange for their lives. He sees Tsukasa as the strongest link to the Key of the Twilight, and starts to work with BT in the quest for the item. He also helps BT and the others to contact Helba. Sora frequently tangles with Crim, who is as powerful as himself.

Voiced by: Hiroshi Yanaka (Japanese); Dave Wittenberg (English)

File:Ginkan-hack-cortado.png

Silver Knight (銀漢, Ginkan) is second-in-command of the Crimson Knights. He possesses a strong sense of justice (becoming overzealous at times), but is extremely naïve, leading him to end up as more of a tool to be used by whoever is in control. He is extremely overprotective of Subaru, more than anyone else. Silver Knight's PC is an edited version of the standard Crimson Knight design.

Voiced by: Isshin Chiba (Japanese); Doug Rye (English)

File:Crim-hack-cortado.png

Crim (クリム, Kurimu) is a powerful Long Arm, friend of Subaru who founded the Crimson Knights organization with her, but afterwards left it as he found it did not match his personality. Amiable, easygoing and sociable; he prefers to keep the real world and the game seperate. Crim stated goal when playing is simply to have fun, although he never turns down a chance to help somebody in need.

Voiced by: Shinichiro Miki (Japanese); Lex Lang (English)

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Macha (マハ, Maha) is a cat-like NPC who is sent by Morganna to lure Tsukasa into her trap.[13] Although she comes from Morganna's own program,[21][13] eventually she grows closer to Tsukasa, and ends up defying Morganna for his sake.[22] It's unclear whether she uses text or whisper mode to communicate as she moves her lips but has no speaking voice.[22]

Morganna (モルガナ, Morugana) is the core system of The World, an omnipresent AI that was created to help Aura develop.[11][13] Eventually she realizes that once Aura is born, she will lose her purpose.[14] Thus, Morganna links Tsukasa to Aura, which put Tsukasa's real life self into a coma, and attempts to push him into utter despair to feed only negative thoughts to Aura in order to stop her development.[18]
Voiced by: Rie Tanaka (Japanese); Valerie Arem (English)

Aura (アウラ) is the ultimate AI, created by Harald Hoerwick to serve as his "daughter".[11][14] She appears as a young girl clad entirely in white floating above a bed. She becomes directly linked to Tsukasa through the actions of Morganna, to the point where Tsukasa's mood alone dictates her development.[18]
Voiced by: Maaya Sakamoto (Japanese); Lia Sargent (English)

Harald Hoerwick (ハロルド・ヒューイック, Harorudo Hyuuikku) is the creator of The World. He created Aura, the ultimate AI, to serve as the "daughter" he never had with Emma Wielant, and left Morganna to watch over Aura and help her develop.[14] He gave up his flesh and became an AI himself to talk with Morganna.[23]
Voiced by: Takumi Yamazaki (Japanese); Crispin Freeman (English)

Other characters

Helba (ヘルバ, Heruba) is a genius hacker of the Wavemaster class who even controls her own hidden fields in The World. She helps guide the other characters on their quest to save Tsukasa. In the .hack//Games, she is Kite's guide to Virus Cores and Gate Hacking.
Voiced by: Yumi Tōma (Japanese); Mary Elizabeth McGlynn (English)

Balmung (バルムンク, Barumunku) is one of the main characters in the .hack//Games, Balmung is mentioned several times in .hack//Sign but only appears in episode 22 as well as the additional episodes Unison and Gift. He is a regarded as a legendary character and holds the title "Balmung of the Azure Sky" (蒼天のバルムンク, Sōten no Barumunku).
Voiced by: Nobuyuki Hiyama (Japanese); Crispin Freeman (English)

Orca (オルカ, Oruka) is also regarded as a legendary character. He bears the title "Orca of the Azure Sea" (蒼海のオルカ, Sōkai no Oruka). He is mentioned several times in the show but Orca only appears in the episode Unison and the parody episode Gift.
Voiced by: Yasunori Masutani (Japanese); Kirk Thornton (English)

A-20 is a young female Twin Blade in The World whose carelessness and motivations for playing help Mimiru to realize her own reasons for playing the game. A-20 originally joins the game merely because it is popular among her classmates, and she desires to complete a difficult dungeon to prove her valor. In real life, "A-20" is her student number at school, along with A-1 through 19, who are only mentioned. After getting a rare Golden Grunty item (which she describes as "ugly"), she decides to collect them. After this, she continues adventure with Mimiru in The World on occasion.
Voiced by: Atsuko Enomoto (Japanese); Sandy Fox (English)

Kaochin (カオちん) is a female Heavy Axeman whose resemblance is that of Subaru's. The differences include an alternate color pallete for her clothing, eye and hair, and the marking on her forehead (a green reverse question mark). Kaochin encounters Subaru in a field shortly after the Crimson Knights are disbanded. Realizing she is speaking to the real Subaru, she pesters her to become friends, but quickly grows hostile at the rejection she receives. When Subaru stands her ground and refuses to give in to her threats Kaochin attacks her in a blind rage, leaving her badly beaten, but not able to humiliate her as she wanted.
Voiced by: Sara Nakayama (Japanese); Brianne Siddall (English)

Key of the Twilight

File:Twilight-aura1.jpg
Aura and Macha at Morganna's secret area

The Key of the Twilight (黄昏の鍵, Tosogare no Kagi) is introduced as a legendary item rumored to have the ability to bypass the system in The World.[7][24] Although it is central in all the series of the .hack franchise, it is first mentioned in .hack//Sign and sought out by the main characters of the series.

By that time the rumors and quest for the Key have long subsided, but the appearance of Tsukasa and the monster he commands renewes interest in it as theories linking him to the item are spread quickly.[25]

When Mimiru expresses her concern about it, Bear makes the analogy that Key of the Twilight may be a part of the system in the same way cells between the fingers selectively die to form fingers. He references a biological term called apoptosis in which a programmed cell death occurs to gain something.[26] At the end of the series it is hinted that Aura is the Key of the Twilight, which is confirmed in the .hack//Games. The book .hack//analysis refers to the events of .hack//Sign as the Key of the Twilight Incident.[27]

Culture references

In episode 8, Promise, while Mimiru is waiting for Tsukasa, another character walks up to her and asks her if she is Waiting for Godot.[28] Waiting for Godot is an Absurdist play written by Samuel Beckett, in which two men are waiting by the roadside to meet with Godot. He never turns up, but a messenger sent in his stead tells them "surely tomorrow" he will arrive.[29]

In episode 10, Compensation, Bear tells Subaru that he is not confident as to whether he can get along with Tsukasa anymore, that he can not be responsible for what he does and has no right to be contacting him. She replies that if he hasn't promised Tsukasa something, then responsibility or worth doesn't matter, that what is important is to try to be associated; the worst thing to do is to show no concern. Subaru goes on and quotes a phrase, "Meeting someone is God's doing, but parting is what humans do themselves" (出会いは神の御技。別れは人の仕業。, Deai wa kami no miwaza. Wakare wa hito no shiwaza). Bear recognizes that Subaru is quoting Moto Hagio.[30][31] Moto Hagio is a female mangaka who is considered to be the female version of Osamu Tezuka. She was also part of Year 24 group, a female mangaka group that revolutionized the Shōjo genre, by introducing issues as gender and sexuality.[32][33]

In episode 12, Entanglement, Morganna uses the novel, The Little Mermaid as an analogy of Tsukasa leaving Morganna's hideout behind and meeting with Mimiru and Bear. Morganna persuades Tsukasa that nothing will come out of leaving the hide away and pursing his friends by comparing Tsukasa to the little mermaid. Just like the little mermaid did not win the Prince's heart, even after she left her family and her home behind, Tsukasa will not gain anything by leaving Morganna.[34] This is later on revealed as part of Morganna's manipulative plan to control Tsukasa's emotions in order to keep Aura asleep.[18]

Template:Endspoiler

Development

The relationship between games and anime has always been present, one spawning the other and vice versa. Usually this connection between two mediums has little success, and the original results better than the following product.[35]

This is where the .hack series differs, as it was created as such; crossing pretty much every platform: anime, games, manga, and others; each aspect has been carefully thought out to interact with the others, centered in the fictional virtual-reality MMORPG called The World.[3]

The idea came about during the PS2 game's development, as the higher-ups of Bandai realized that even if the game was a huge success at first, it could drop dramatically in sales a few months after being released, like it had happened with the latest RPGs of similar style. In order to keep sales constant throughout the year, the general manager of Bandai's game department, Shin Unozawa, suggested dividing .hack into four parts and release them in three-month intervals.[36]

As they still were worried about the sales, they also decided making a four episodes OVA series depicting a real world perspective of the story told in the PS2 games; one to go with each game. That series was called .hack//Liminality. But they still felt it wouldn't be enough, thus they decided to produce .hack//Sign, a TV series that would serve as a prologue to the games and take place within The World itself, timed to air with the game's release. For Kōichi Mashimo it was a hectic schedule, as he was directing both projects, and on top of that he was also in the midst of developing Noir.[36]

Satoshi Ohsawa, animation director, was also pretty uneasy about working with character designs by Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, and how the fans would response about it. But he resigned himself to the fact that people would complain and accepted the challenge of working with the famed Evangelion artist's designs.[36] Eventually the .hack fanchise proved successful and continued to grow with additional anime, manga, and novel series.[37]

Music

.hack//Sign soundtrack was composed by Yuki Kajiura whose other well known works include Noir and Aquarian Age. During the production of the series, Kajiura met Emily Bindiger and impressed by her vocals, offered her to perform over 10 of the series' insert songs. She has also jokingly called Bindiger "her English teacher" on Anime Expo 2003.[38]. Other insert songs were performed by Yuriko Kaida, and the opening and ending themes, "Obsession" and "Yasashii Yoake", were performed by Kajiura's musical group See-Saw.

The soundtrack, which is very melodramatic with Celtic themes permeating throughout, is a defining element of the series; it is a mix of character-defining songs, and BGM tracks that have a techno beat or more bass added when things get more intense.[39] The vocals are comprised of English chanting, giving off the breathy air of mystique that it is normally associated with anime series set in a mysterious fantasy world.[15] This show marks composer Yuki Kajiura's second collaboration with director Kōichi Mashimo.[40]

Media

Main articles: List of .hack//Sign episodes and .hack//Sign Original Soundtracks

Anime

File:Hack-gestalt.jpg
.hack//Sign (Version 3.0) Limited Edition - Gestalt, released by Bandai Entertainment. This release includes the .hack//Liminality soundtrack

Originally, .hack//Sign was broadcast in Japan by TV Tokyo between April 4 2002 and September 25 2002. In North America it was licensed and distributed by Bandai Entertainment,[41] and dubbed by PCB Productions, who are known for their adaptations of fare like Geneshaft.[2]

The first DVD release ran from March 4, 2003 to March 16, 2004 (limited edition) and March 18, 2003 to March 16, 2004 (regular edition); both versions spanned six volumes.[42][43] The recap episode, Evidence, and the DVD only episode, Intermezzo were included in the sixth volume,Terminus, and Unison was only included in its limited edition.[17] The two .hack//Sign soundtracks, the .hack//Liminality soundtrack and the .hack//Extra soundtrack were included in the limited edition of the first four volumes respectively.

A six-disc DVD boxset was released on October 26, 2004 by the name of .hack//Sign - Complete Collection. Unison was not included in this release.[44]

The DVDs of these releases contain easter eggs. When all six DVDs are lined up numerically, the first letters of the titles (on the spines) spell out the word "LOGOUT". On the backs of the DVD covers Area Words can be found, which can be used to access areas in the .hack//Games, which contain rare items.[45]

A second DVD boxset was released on August 22, 2006, by the name .hack//Sign: Anime Legends Complete Collection. Unison was not included in this release either.[46]

Books

File:Visions 15.jpg
Illustration of Tsukasa and Subaru from .hack//the visions by Satoshi Ohsawa
  • .hack//the visions is a compilation artbook of .hack//Sign, .hack//Legend of the Twilight, and the .hack//Games illustrations by Rei Izumi, Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, Satoshi Ohsawa, and Yuko Iwaoka, that were originally shown in different issues of Newtype during 2002. It was included in the February, 2003 issue of Newtype published by Kadokawa Shoten.
  • Encyclopedia .hack is an info book about Project .hack. It is simply a compilation of theories and information about .hack, and it doesn't contain new information that wasn't already present in the many series of the franchise. It was published in June, 2003 by Fujimi Shobo.[47]
    ISBN 4-82-917530-3
  • .hack//analysis is an info book about Project .hack. It includes never-before-seen information on The World and the characters of the many medias of the .hack franchise. Information about the players behind .hack//Sign characters like Bear and BT was expanded in this book. It was published in September 27, 2003 by Softbank Creative.[48]
    ISBN 4-79-732455-4

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b "Anime News Network's Encyclopedia: .hack//Sign". Retrieved 2006-09-28.
  2. ^ a b Toole, Mike. "Anime Jump: .hack//Sign Review". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  3. ^ a b c d "Anime On DVD: .hack//Sign (Version 1.0) - Login Review". Retrieved 2007-01-21.
  4. ^ "Active Anime: .hack//Sign: Anime Legends Complete Collection Review". Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  5. ^ a b "Anime On DVD: .hack//Sign (Version 6.0) - Terminus Review". Retrieved 2007-01-21.
  6. ^ a b McPherson, Mark. "animeboredom: hack//Sign Review". Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  7. ^ a b Lineberger, Rob. "DVDverdict: .hack//Sign (Version 2.0) - Outcast Review". Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  8. ^ Robinson, Tasha. "SCI FI Weekly: hack//Sign Review". Retrieved 2007-01-21.
  9. ^ "Tropes Wiki: .hack//Sign". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  10. ^ a b c "Japanese .hack timeline from .hack//AI buster 2". Retrieved 2007-02-11.
  11. ^ a b c d e Hamazaki, Tatsuya (January 1, 2006). "Area.4 Memory". .hack//AI buster. Tokyopop Press Inc. ISBN 1-59532-869-6.
  12. ^ Ellis, Frank. "Epinions.com: .hack//Sign Review". Retrieved 2007-02-03.
  13. ^ a b c d e Hamazaki, Tatsuya (February 28, 2006). "Wotan's Spear". .hack//AI buster 2. Tokyopop Press Inc. ISBN 1-59-816407-4.
  14. ^ a b c d e f "The Helba Gate: .hack//Liminality Review". Retrieved 2007-01-26.
  15. ^ a b Dong, Bamboo. "Anime News Network: .hack//Sign (Version 1.0) - Login Review". Retrieved 2007-01-26.
  16. ^ Bear: "The reason Tsukasa is still barely able to be involved with people is because of Subaru. If I was the enemy, I would strike at her." BT: "If that happens, then Tsukasa would surely be unable to recover (...) We should not think of those two separately." .hack//Sign, episode 24, Net Slum
  17. ^ a b "Bandai Entertainment DVD Product Catalog: .hack//Sign - Limited Edition (Version 6.0) - Terminus". Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  18. ^ a b c d "Animetique: .hack//Sign episode 24, Net Slum, summary". Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  19. ^ Morganna: "If you obey, I do not need to exercise my power. Do not make me use my power. You know how truly powerful I am!" Tsukasa: "I'm no longer afraid of you or my father! There is someone that I want to see. So I'm going to return, return to the place where I belong!" .hack//Sign, episode 26, Return
  20. ^ "Animetique: .hack//Sign episode 26, Return, summary". Retrieved 2007-02-03.
  21. ^ CyberConnect2 (January 14, 2004). .hack//Quarantine (Playstation 2). Bandai. Level/area: Ω Hidden Darkside Holy Ground.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ a b "The Helba Gate: .hack//Sign character guide". Retrieved 2007-01-26.
  23. ^ CyberConnect2 (May 7, 2003). .hack//Mutation (Playstation 2). Bandai. Level/area: Λ Pulsating Worst Core. I must... speak with Morganna. To go where she is... the living flesh poses a hindrance. But I must... I must go. For our Aura. Emma, please give me a little more courage.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Lineberger, Rob. "DVDverdict: .hack//Sign (Version 3.0) - Gestalt Review". Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  25. ^ "Defragmented: .hack//Sign episode 3, Folklore, summary". Retrieved 2007-01-22.
  26. ^ "Defragmented: .hack//Sign episode 9, Epitaph, summary". Retrieved 2007-01-16.
  27. ^ Note that the Key of the Twilight Incident, which refers to the events in .hack//Sign is not the same as the Twilight Incident, as this one refers to the .hack//Games.
  28. ^ "Defragmented: .hack//Sign episode 8, Promise, summary". Retrieved 2007-01-23.
  29. ^ Fowlie, Wallace (1960). Dionysus in Paris. New York: Meridian Books. pp. 210–214. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
  30. ^ ".hack//Sign 第１０話「Compensation（代償行為）」 より" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  31. ^ "Darkschneider's Journal: 今年卒業する皆さんへの祝辞。" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  32. ^ Randall, Bill (May 15, 2003). "Three By Moto Hagio". The Comics Journal (252). Retrieved 2007-02-04. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  33. ^ "Ultimate Manga Guide: Hagio Moto". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  34. ^ "Defragmented: .hack//Sign episode 12, Entanglement, summary". Retrieved 2007-01-23.
  35. ^ "Anime News Service: .hack//Sign (Version 1.0) - Login Review". Retrieved 2007-01-26.
  36. ^ a b c Wong, Amos (March 2005). "Inside Bee Train". Newtype USA: 10. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |date= (help)
  37. ^ ".hack//Wiki: Project .hack Wiki article". Retrieved 2007-01-26.
  38. ^ "Anime Source: Report of Yuki Kajiura's concert at Anime Expo 2003". Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  39. ^ "Animetique.com: .hack//Sign Review". Retrieved 2007-01-21.
  40. ^ "CD Japan: .hack//Sign Original Sound & Song track 1". Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  41. ^ "Anime News Network's News: .hack//Sign". Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  42. ^ "Anime News Network's News: .hack//Sign". Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  43. ^ "Bandai Entertainment DVD Product Catalog: .hack//Sign". Retrieved 2007-01-19.
  44. ^ "Bandai Entertainment DVD Product Catalog: .hack//Sign - Complete Collection". Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  45. ^ ".hack//Wiki: .hack//Sign Wiki article". Retrieved 2007-02-12.
  46. ^ "Bandai Entertainment DVD Product Catalog: .hack//Sign: Anime Legends Complete Collection". Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  47. ^ "Amazon Japan: Encyclopedia .hack" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-14.
  48. ^ "Amazon Japan: .hack//analysis" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-14.

External links

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