Skopska Crna Gora

Coordinates: 42°11′24″N 21°26′24″E / 42.19000°N 21.44000°E / 42.19000; 21.44000
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Not to be confused with Montenegro.
Skopska Crna Gora
Macedonian and Serbian: Скопска Црна гора, Skopska Crna Gora
Albanian: Mali i Zi i Shkupit / Malet e Karadakut
Turkish: Karadağ
Highest point
PeakRamno
Elevation1,651 m (5,417 ft)
Coordinates42°11′24″N 21°26′24″E / 42.19000°N 21.44000°E / 42.19000; 21.44000
Naming
Native nameСкопска Црна Гора (Macedonian)
Geography
Skopska Crna Gora is located in North Macedonia
Skopska Crna Gora
Skopska Crna Gora
Location of the mountain within North Macedonia
LocationNorth Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia
Skopska Crna Gora location

Skopska Crna Gora (Macedonian and Serbian Cyrillic: Скопска Црна гора, pronounced [skôpskaː tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡǒra], Albanian: Mali i Zi i Shkupit), often called simply Crna Gora (Macedonian and Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Гора, Albanian: Mali i Zi) or Karadak (from earlier Turkish: Karadağ; meaning "Black Mountain"), is a mountain range in North Macedonia, Kosovo[a] and Serbia. It lies between the cities of Kaçanik (in southern Kosovo) and Skopje (in Macedonia). It is essentially a continuation of the Šar Mountains and is separated by the gorge of Kaçanik. The highest peak is Ramno (1,651 m (5,417 ft)) in Macedonia.[1] The largest town on the mountain is Kučevište in North Macedonia.[1][2]

Geography

Pogragja Castle (Gjilan), in the northernmost point of the Skopska Crna Gora region

The Skopska Crna Gora stretches from Gryka e Karadakut (Albanian for The Gorge of Karadak) - or more specifically, the Llapushnica river to the east - to the Letnica river in the west, and down to the Gryka e Konçulit (Albanian for The Gorge of Konçul) of the Binačka Morava river to the southeast, with a total length of about 50 km. The relief structure is fragmented due to the rivers of the region which descend from high points and carry eroded material within their waters; additionally, the geological composition of the region is complicated as there are new sediments in the west, Mesozoic layers in the middle and old Palaeozoic layers in the east. The most important rivers are Letnica, Golemareka, Karadak, Pasjani, Lashtica, and Llapushnica among others; they all empty into the Binačka Morava river. 31% of the region consists of arable land, whereas 11% consists of pastures and meadows. Due to the lack of nutrition available, the keeping of livestock is limited. The Skopska Crna Gora consists of many high mountain peaks ranging from 700-1,650m; some of the noteworthy mountains include Maja e Kopilaqës (Kopilaq Peak, 1,490m), Maja e Zeza (Black Peak, 1,219m) and Maja Topan (1,178m, Topan Peak). The mountains of Karadak cover around 389km2 and consist of around 50,000 inhabitants, with a density of about 120 per km2.[3]

History

Middle Ages

The first mention of the region dates back to the second half of the 13th century, when the Bulgarian Tsar Constantine Tih bequeathed the villages of this area to his endowment. Skopska Crna Gora is mentioned again under its name in 1300 in the chrysostom of King Milutin of Serbia in the church of St. George in Banjane, Skopje.

After the conquest of the region, the Ottomans translated the name into Karadag (Turkish:Karadağ -"Black Mountain"), which is why the term is still used by Albanians and Macedonians to describe the region.[4]

Ottoman Times

Following the Ottoman Takeover of the region, Albanian Clans (vllazni) setteled in the region, thus around 8-10% of the Albanian population belong to the Berisha tribe,[5] while Descendants of the Krasniqi tribe setteled in the villages of Gošince, Slupčane, Alaševce and Runica.[6] There are also members of the Mirdita and Sopi tribes which setteled in the region.

During the mid 1800's, ethnic Albanians of the Catholic rite were expelled by Ottoman authorities in events that came to be known as the Expulsion of Karadak.[7][8]

In the Albanian revolt of 1910, Albanian freedom fighters from Karadak under the command of Idriz Seferi rebelled against the Ottoman Empire and managed to defeat them in the Battle of Kaçanik.[9][10] 2 years later in 1912, Albanians from Karadak under Idriz Seferi again rebelled with other Albanians against the Ottoman Authorities and managed to capture Skopje, which was the capital of the Kosovo Vilayet.[11][12]

Modern history

The region became part of the Kingdom of Serbia after the First Balkan War. Following this the region became a battleground between the Serbian forces supported by Chetniks and Albanian Kachaks under Idriz Seferi and Ajet Sopi Bllata as well as the Macedonian IMRO insurgents.[13][14] The region was occupied by the Kindom of Bulgaria during the First World War and became part of the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes after it ended.

During the Interwar period many Serb colonizers setteled in the region[15][16]

After the Invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941 the region was given to the Kingdom of Bulgaria, which resulted in Albanian resistance led by Mulla Idriz Gjilani.[17][18] The Rebellion of Mulla Idriz Gjilani was quelled by Bulgaria and the Yugoslav partisan forces after the Stratsin–Kumanovo and Kosovo Operation.

From 1999 to 2001, during the Insurgency in the Presevo Valley and the Insurgency in Macedonia the Serbian and Macedonian parts of the region became major strongholds of the Albanian seperatist organizations NLA and LAPMB and a stronghold of Albanian nationalism, thus the region saw many armed conflicts against the security forces of FR Yugoslavia and the Republic of Macedonia. Low intensity skirmishes continued in these parts of the region such as the Gošince attack and Kumanovo attack in 2015.

Culture

The Albanians of Karadak have a dialect of their own, which in itself is a north-eastern extremity of central Gheg Albanian. The dialect borders on the verge of north-eastern Gheg Albanian.[19]

The Macedonian population of the region speaks the Skopska Crna Gora dialect of Macedonian.

Notable people

See also

References and notes

Notes

^a Template:Kosovo-note

References
  1. ^ a b Мала енциклопедија Просвета [Little Encyclopedia of Prosveta] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Prosveta. 1969. p. 589.
  2. ^ Elsie, Robert (2011). Historical dictionary of Kosovo (2nd ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-8108-7483-1.
  3. ^ Ramadani, Nijazi (23 February 2014). Shtegtime ne histori (Monografia për kokajt 1842-2012). pp. 1–2.
  4. ^ С. Томић, Скопска Црна Гора, Српски етнолошки зборник 3, Београд 1905, 409—417.
  5. ^ "Berisha, djepi iliro-arbnor i Alpeve shqiptare". Gazeta Dita. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  6. ^ Naučno društvo Bosne i Hercegovine: Odjeljenje istorisko-filoloških nauka. Vol. 26. 1965. p. 199. Arbanasa fisa Krasnića ima u selima: Gošnicu, Slupćanu, Alaševcu, Ruđincu.
  7. ^ Kott, Marilyn (2016). Catholic Kosovo: A Visitor's Guide to Her People, Churches, Historical Sites, and Her 1,900 Year Journey. ISBN 9781483435213.
  8. ^ "NË STUBLLAVAQË GJURMËVE TË MARTIRËVE TË KARADAKUT". www.drita.info. 14 March 2016.
  9. ^ Elsie 2012, p. 403
  10. ^ Gawrych 2006, p. 177.
  11. ^ Pearsons 2004, p. 24
  12. ^ Skendi 1967, p. 436.
  13. ^ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/sq/a/a9/Monografia-komplet-te-gjitha-kapitujt-nga-I--deri-IX.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  14. ^ Trotsky 1980, p. 117
  15. ^ Clark, Howard (2000). Civil resistance in Kosovo. Pluto Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780745315690.
  16. ^ Qirezi 2017, p. 54
  17. ^ Elsie, Robert (2013). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. Londër: I.B.Tauris. p. 172. ISBN 9781780764313.
  18. ^ Elsie, Robert (2010-11-15). Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7483-1.
  19. ^ Hamiti, Asllan (2011). "THE SPECIALTY OF PHONETIC-PHONOLOGY IN THE SPOKEN OF KARADAK, SHKUP" (PDF). Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca. 4: 672.

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Skopska Crna Gora.
  • "Skopska Crna Gora", Srpski etnografski zbornik, VI, Belgrade, 1905
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