Paul L. Freeman Jr.

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Paul L. Freeman, Jr.
General Paul L. Freeman, Jr.
Born(1907-06-29)June 29, 1907
Philippines
DiedApril 17, 1988(1988-04-17) (aged 80)
Monterey California
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Army
Years of service1929–1967
Rank General
Commands heldU.S. Army Europe
Continental Army Command
4th Infantry Division
2nd Infantry Division
23rd Infantry Regiment
Battles/warsWorld War II
Korean War
AwardsDistinguished Service Cross
Silver Star (2)
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star "V" device (4)
Air Medal
Purple Heart

Paul Lamar Freeman, Jr. (June 29, 1907–April 17, 1988) was a United States Army four-star general who served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG) from 1962 to 1965 and Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC) from 1965 to 1967.

Military career

Freeman was born June 29, 1907, in the Philippine Islands, son of Paul Lamar and Emma (Rosenbaum) Freeman. He graduated from the United States Military Academy on June 13, 1929, with a class ranking of 213 and commissioned in the infantry. His first assignment was at Fort Sam Houston with the 9th Infantry Division. While in Texas, he married Mary Ann Fishburn on August 18, 1932, and had one daughter. A month after getting married, he reported to Fort Benning to attend the Officer's Course at the Infantry School, then was assigned to Tianjin (then called Tientsin) in China with the 15th Infantry Regiment until 1936. Upon his return to the U.S. he was assigned to Fort Washington, Maryland and was a company commander in the 12th Infantry Regiment, and subsequently returned to Fort Benning for the Tank Course. He then spent a year as company and battalion Maintenance Officer with the 66th Infantry Regiment.

At the time of the United States entry into World War II, Freeman was in China again, in Beijing as a language student and concurrently as Assistant Military Attaché at the American embassy. Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was assigned to the U.S. Military Mission to China, and a few months later reassigned to the staff of the China India Burma Theater as an instructor to Chinese and Indian Armies. He remained on the theater staff until September 1943, when he returned to Washington D.C., as a staff officer. Towards the end of the war in late 1944, he was sent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as Director of Arms Training for the Joint Brazil-United States Military Commission, a position he held until October 1947. He returned to the Army General Staff in Washington D.C., working in the Latin American Branch of the Plans and Operating Division, then from 1948 to 1950, served as a member of the Joint Brazil-U.S. Military Commission, and was also a member of the U.S. Army delegation to the Inter-American Defense Board.

With the outbreak of the Korean War, he was deployed to that theater as the Commander of the 23rd Infantry Regiment in the 2nd Infantry Division, and remained in command until he was wounded (mortar shrapnel in his left calf ) in February 1951 at the Battle of Chipyong-ni. American historian Clay Blair noted that at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River the Eighth Army was left completely unprotected on its right flank due to the Turkish Brigade's retreat, describing the Turks as "overrated, poorly led green troops" who "broke and bugged out", despite myths that arose about the Turks killing 200 enemies by bayonet. Freeman said that the Turks had a "look at the situation," "and they had no stomach for it, and they were running in all directions."[1][2] Freeman led his regiment to victory at the Battle of Chipyong-ni, marking the first major victory by the U.S. Army over the Chinese Communist Forces in the Korean War. The 23rd RCT was cut off and surrounded by elements of five Chinese divisions, which launched fanatical all-out assaults against them from 13-15 February 1951. Although wounded on the first night of the engagement, Freeman refused to be evacuated until the battle was over, leading the defense with courage and boldness. He was later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his bravery and leadership during the battle. Although he expected to return to command of the 23rd Infantry Regiment after his wound healed, he was instead sent home for rest and and did not return to the war. The Battle of Chipyong-ni was studied for years at the US Army Command and General Staff College at Ft. Leavenworth as a textbook case of how to deal with a numerically superior enemy.

As commanding general of Continental Army Command (second from left), inspecting Cam Ranh Bay Supply Depot, 1967.

Returning from the war, he attended the National War College, graduating in 1952. In 1955, he assumed command of the 2nd Infantry Division, and in 1956 took command of the 4th Infantry Division, at that time stationed at Fort Lewis, Washington. After his second division command ended in 1957, he served as Senior Army Member to the Weapons System Evaluation Group in Washington D.C. He was named Deputy Commanding General for Reserve Forces (CONARC) in 1960. On May 1, 1962 he received his fourth star, and assumed duties as Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), serving in that capacity until 1965. His final assignment was Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC) from 1965 to 1967.

Freeman retired from the Army in 1967, and died in Monterey California on April 17, 1988.

Awards and decorations

Badges
Decorations
Service Medals
Foreign Awards
Unit Awards

See also

References

  • Blair, Clay (2003). The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950-1953 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591140757. Retrieved 18 Apil 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  • Blair, Clay (Dec 12, 1987). The forgotten war: America in Korea, 1950. Times Books. ISBN 0812916700. Retrieved 18 Apil 2014. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  • Militaria Museum fact sheet
Halberstam, David " The Coldest Winter ( America and the Korean War )"
Military offices
Preceded by Commanding General of U.S. Army Europe
1 May 1962 to 18 March 1965 		Succeeded by

Template:Persondata

  1. ^ Blair 2003, p. 455.
  2. ^ Blair 1987, p. 455.
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