Talk:Cel shading and Weather Report: Difference between pages

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History needs to be revamped.
 
Little point in saying that. Jaco, for instance, had been dead for 20 years at that point.
 
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{{Unreferenced|date=August 2007}}
{{Film|Filmmaking-task-force=yes|class=Start}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
{{WikiProject Video games|class=B|importance=High|old-GCOTW=yes}}
| Name = Weather Report
| Img =Weather_Report_19810611_shinjuku_fn23.jpg
| Img_capt = Weather Report live [[11 June]] [[1981]]
| Background = group_or_band
| Alias =
| Origin = [[New York City]], [[USA]]
| Genre = [[Jazz fusion]] <br />[[Jazz funk]]
| Years_active = 1970&ndash;1986
| Label = [[Columbia Records]]
| Associated_acts =
| URL =
| Current_members =
| Past_members = [[Joe Zawinul]]<br />[[Wayne Shorter]]<br />[[Miroslav Vitouš]]</small><br />[[Airto Moreira]] <br /> [[Alphonse Mouzon]]<br />[[Dom Um Romão]]<br />[[Eric Gravatt]]<br />[[Greg Errico]]<br />[[Alphonso Johnson]]<br />[[Ishmael Wilburn]]<br />[[Skip Hadden]]<br />[[Alyrio Lima]]<br />[[Leon 'Ndugu' Chancler]]<br />[[Chester Thompson]]<br />[[Jaco Pastorius]] <br />[[Michael Walden]]<br />[[Alex Acuña]]<br />[[Don Alias]]<br />[[Manolo Badrena]]<br />[[Peter Erskine]]<br />[[Erich Zawinul]]<br />[[Robert Thomas Jr.]]<br />[[Omar Hakim]]<br />[[Victor Bailey]]<br />[[Jose Rossy]] <br />[[Mino Cinelu]]<br />
}}


{{For|the song "Weather Report" by The American Analog Set|The Golden Band}}
==Animatrix==
Which movie from the Animatrix was cel-shaded? I don't recall this [[User:K1Bond007|K1Bond007]] 03:36, Mar 15, 2005 (UTC)
:: It's wrong, anyone Animatrix espisodes use cel-shaded. Some parts was made by pure drawing, only this. --[[User:Mateusc|Mateusc]] 20:26, 2 August 2005 (UTC)


'''Weather Report''' was an influential [[jazz fusion]] band of the 1970s and early 1980s, combining [[jazz]] and [[latin jazz]] with [[art music]], [[ethnic music]], [[r&b]], [[funk]], and [[Rock music|rock]] elements (in heavily varying proportions during the years), often demonstrating high levels of compositional and improvisational skills.
== Cel Damage ==
Why isn't this game listed under the examples? It has Cel in the name. Sheesh.
:Because it's not very prominent. There's a separate list of cel-shaded video games for the more obscure ones. [[User:Andrevan|<b><font color="mediumblue">Andre</font></b>]] ([[User_talk:Andrevan|<font color=royalblue>talk</font>]]) 20:11, May 18, 2005 (UTC)


==The beginning==
== ''Fear Effect'' first game with cel-shaded animation? ==
Founders [[pianist]] [[Joe Zawinul]] and [[saxophonist]] [[Wayne Shorter]] first met and became friends in 1959 as they had both played in [[Maynard Ferguson]]'s [[Big Band]]. Weather Report is, despite this, often seen as a spin-off from the group of musicians associated with [[Miles Davis]] in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The [[Wayne Shorter|Shorter]] and [[Joe Zawinul|Zawinul]] duo became a stable core of the group, while other musicians were rotated with almost every new album release. Both Zawinul and Shorter had made their mark among the best composers in jazz, Zawinul in [[Cannonball Adderley]]'s group and Shorter in Miles Davis's group. Zawinul later joined Shorter with Miles Davis's first recordings of fusion music, ''[[In a Silent Way]]'' and ''[[Bitches Brew]]''.


Initially, the band's music featured extended improvisation, similar to Davis's ''Bitches Brew''-period work, and instrumentation included both a traditional trap set drummer ( [[Alphonse Mouzon]] ) and a second percussionist (first [[Airto Moreira]], later [[Dom Um Romão]]). Though the album credits only Airto on percussion, [[Brian Glasser]], in his Zawinul biography ''[[In a Silent Way (book)|In a Silent Way]]'', describes the participation of two other percussionists prior to Airto's involvement: [[Don Alias]], a well-known session player who subsequently toured and recorded with [[Jaco Pastorius]]; and [[Barbara Burton]], a New York symphonic and freelance percussionist recruited by Shorter. According to Glasser, Alias "walked out before the record was completed after an argument with Zawinul about what he should be playing". Burton told Glasser that she and Alias did the whole album, and it wasn't until the last session "when all the tracks had been laid [down] at [[Columbia Studios]]" that Airto became involved. Apparently Zawinul thought something was missing, or he was in some way unsatisfied, because Burton overheard Joe asking Airto if there was anything he could add. Airto said, "''Man, that album is finished. There's nothing I can add.''" Nevertheless, Zawinul persisted and Airto recorded for the album. [''IASW, p.133-135'']
In the article, it is said that the "first [[video game]] to feature cel-shading was ''[[Jet Grind Radio]]'' for the [[Sega Dreamcast]]", released on [[November 1]] [[2000]]. I believe that the first video game to feature cel-shaded animation was in fact ''[[Fear Effect]]'' for the [[Sony PlayStation]], a title released [[January 31]] [[2000]].


The group was unusual and innovative in abandoning the soloist-accompaniment demarcation of straight-ahead jazz and instead featuring continuous improvisation by every member of the band.
Yours sincerely,


Reedman Wayne Shorter further pioneered the role of the soprano sax (taking the torch from [[Sidney Bechet]]'s and [[John Coltrane]]'s earlier efforts) and both Zawinul and original bassist [[Miroslav Vitouš]] experimented with rock guitarists' electronic effects, Zawinul on piano and synthesizers, Vitouš on upright bass, often bowed, as a second horn-like voice.
[[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 09:08, 2 August 2005 (UTC).
:I added [[Xenogears]] to the list. That game was released in 1998. From the article: "''Xenogears also utilizes both traditional Japanese cel-animated scenes''". Am I missing something? [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 19:28, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
::I did not know of the use of cel-shading in that game, so [[Cel-shaded_animation#Video_games|the statement]] in question will have to be modified to follow suit. Thanking you, [[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 20:39, 2 August 2005 (UTC).
:::Is there any consensus on this? Perhaps more people could provide their opinion on what they feel is the first game. Provide sources. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 19:55, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
::::It all depends on whether or not people feel the first game featuring cel-shaded animation should be cited, then that would be ''Xenogears'', or the first game extensively featuring cel-shaded graphics should be noted, in which case that would be ''Fear Effect''. Though ''Xenogears'' was the first to feature cel-shaded animation, it didn't use exclusively cel-shaded graphics, whereas ''Fear Effect'' did. There is a need to disambiguate the term in question. I believe we should state the standing of each game, as to leave no uncertainty as for their status (e.g. ''Though ''Xenogears'' was the first video game to feature cel-shaded animation in certain scenes, ''Fear Effect'' was the first title whose graphics were entirely rendered using cel-shading''). [[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 11:16, 6 August 2005 (UTC).


==Early recordings==
== Biased towards video games ==
Weather Report's self titled debut album ''[[Weather Report (1971 album)|Weather Report]]'' won ''[[Down Beat]]'' magazine's Album of the Year in 1971. Although the album features a softer sound than in later years (acoustic bass and no synthesizers were used), it is still considered a classic of early fusion. The opening song "Milky Way" uses a technique by which the piano strings are sounded not by the hammers from the keyboard itself but from Shorter's soprano saxophone playing the notes and causing [[sympathetic vibration]]s in the piano strings.


The following year, Weather Report's second album, ''[[I Sing the Body Electric (album)|I Sing the Body Electric]]'', featured their first use of electronics beyond an electric keyboard (a synthesizer and sound effects were utilized). Part of the album was recorded live in Japan, an excerpt from what was then a Japanese-only release. The entire ''[[Live in Tokyo (Weather Report album)|Live in Tokyo]]'' double album would later be released as an import and made available in the United States.
Even though we are working on this game as the GCOTW, we should not lose sight of the fact that this is an old technique that has been used for a long time in making animations. The history section right now talks only about video games, which i think is unacceptable. I'm pretty sure just about every Anime film ever has used this technique. I think we should rename [[List of cel-shaded video games]] to something like [[List of products using cel-shaded animation]], with sub sections for Games, movies and TV shows. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 17:30, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
:<s>Actually, looking over [[Wikipedia:Featured lists]], most lists don't have the "List of" prefix, so I suggest naming the list [[Products using cel-shaded animation]]. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 17:32, 2 August 2005 (UTC)</s>. No that's not right, silly me. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 17:53, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
:I would say that the first sentence of the article is not correct. It is not a technique "''designed to make computer graphics appear to be hand-drawn''". First of all it doesn't only apply to computer graphics, and secondly it doesn't need to be used to make it appear hand-drawn. An artist can use the technique to achieve different effects. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 18:01, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
::Cel shading is, well, the shading of a cel. It can be done by hand or by computer, but most certainly does not have to be 3d [[Non-photorealistic_rendering|NPR]] (non-photorealistic rendering). I think the bulk of this article as it stands should move to a NPR article, and this article fixed to talk about Cel Shading in general. --[[User:Tonsofpcs|Tonsofpcs]] 04:43, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
:::Well there are a lot of options, though IMHO merging with [[Non-photorealistic_rendering|NPR]] is not one of them, "cel-shading" is a well known term within computer graphics and 3d art, so "hiding" it away under Non-photorealistic rendering and just leaving a stub-stub (two sentences) about hand drawn cel-shading makes no sence to me. The article could be renamed to just "cell-shading" and be expanded with more info on the hand drawn variaty (and non-game related digital users). We could make a "cell-shading" disambiguation page, and split this into [[Hand drawn cel-shading]] and [[Digital cel-shading]] or some such too. Although IMHO at the present time there is just not enough material to justify two seperate articles. I'd suggest expanding on the neglected sections first, and once there is more than a tiny stub-stub section on hand drawn cel-shading we can make a more informed discussion about how or if it should be split up.--[[User:Sherool|Sherool]] 08:12, 4 August 2005 (UTC)


==Becoming "Funkier"==
== 'Appearances' section excessive ==
Starting with 1973's ''[[Sweetnighter]]'', Zawinul decided to abandon the (primarily) acoustic group improvisation format and the band started to take a new direction. Weather Report became more funk/groove oriented while adding more structure to both song and improvisational sections. This change would prove to be not the best fit for Vitouš' talents as his relative lack of interest in playing more repetitive, funky vamps would become an issue (parts of ''Sweetnighter'' employ an electric bass studio sideman). Eventually this led to his departure and replacement by a fretless electric bass player Shorter knew who was playing with Chuck Mangione's group, [[Alphonso Johnson]]. The last song on the album, Shorter's "Non Stop Home", would arguably foreshadow the band's hallmark sound that would appear more in evidence on their next album.


==Instability with the drum chair==
The '[[Cel-shaded_animation#Appearances|Appearances]]' section of the article aims to list some "of the prominent games and films that have featured cel-shading graphics", yet if features a plethora of video game titles which one could not really call prominent, and which should really only be kept to the [[list of cel-shaded video games]] (which could be more accurately and verbosely named, an appropriate title being for example 'List of video games featuring cel-shaded graphics'). These include, among others:
For its first 8 years of existence the group had difficulty finding a permanent drummer, moving through an approximate average of one drummer per year [[Alphonse Mouzon]], [[Eric Gravatt]], [[Greg Errico]], [[Ishmael Wilburn]], [[Skip Hadden]], Darryl Brown, [[Leon 'Ndugu' Chancler]], [[Chester Thompson]], [[Narada Michael Walden]] and [[Alex Acuña]] until Jaco Pastorius helped recruit [[Peter Erskine]] in 1978. Erskine and [[Omar Hakim]] later on were the only Weather Report drummers that played with the band more than 2 years.
*''[[Auto Modellista]]''
*''[[Cel Damage]]''
*''[[The Iron Giant]]''
*''[[Magic Pengel]]''
*''[[XIII (game)]]''
These games generally received average reviews and paltry commercial interest, and many others listed in the section's list were similarly destined. They are in effect not prominent, critically or commercially, and should undoubtedly be removed from the section (unless its author meant to enumerate games that have prominently featured cel-shading graphics, which is the purpose of the aforementioned [[list of cel-shaded video games]]). Do others agree that these video games titles are in excess?


==Middle Period==
Yours sincerely,
Weather Report's breakout album that established its hallmark sound would be ''[[Mysterious Traveller]]'' from 1974. For the first time an electric bass (performed by Philadelphian [[Alphonso Johnson]]) would be used on nearly every song. In addition, general compositional technique would be greatly heightened and Zawinul would exploit improvements in synthesizer technology on the recording. Some of the extra musical effects beyond just the musical synthesizer playing include crowd cheering (taken from an actual Rose Bowl game), space alien sounds, and child-like cries (Zawinul's own son recorded in their home). ''Mysterious Traveller'' would begin Weather Report's unprecedented string of four consecutive ''Down Beat'' "Album of the Year" awards.


''[[Tale Spinnin']]'', recorded in 1975, made even further strides in utilizing technological improvements in synthesizers. The album also showcased more of Wayne Shorter's soloing to the extent that he probably solos more on that album than any other Weather Report record. Shorter would also record the seminal and well received Latin-jazz classic of the 1970s, ''[[Native Dancer (album)|Native Dancer]]'', under his own name that same year with the Brazilian vocalist [[Milton Nascimento]]. The Weather Report effort won the ''Down Beat'' best album award again and the Shorter/Nascimento effort was runner up.
[[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 16:01, 3 August 2005 (UTC).
:I would agree, except for ''[[The Iron Giant]]''. It was made by [[Brad Bird]], who went on to direct ''[[The Incredibles]]'' and was [http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/irongiant critically acclaimed]. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 17:52, 3 August 2005 (UTC)


==The "Jaco" Years==
:I agree. [[User:Joshfist|Joshfist]] 01:45, 2005 August 4 (UTC)
By 1976's ''[[Black Market (album)|Black Market]]'', the group's music had evolved further from the open-ended funk jams into more melody-oriented, concise forms, which also achieved a greater mass-market appeal. Most notably, this album introduced virtuoso [[bassist]] [[Jaco Pastorius]] into the group, although he only played on two of this album's tracks. Alphonso Johnson (who played on the other 5 songs) decided to leave Weather Report to play with the [[Billy Cobham]]/[[George Duke]] Band (a group that featured a young [[John Scofield]] on guitar). ''Black Market'' was perhaps the most rock oriented studio album by Weather Report, in part due to former [[Frank Zappa]] sideman [[Chester Thompson]] playing drums on most of the songs (he later would be recruited into the touring band of [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]]). ''Black Market'' again won ''Down Beat'''s album of the year.
::I removed the following entries from the said list:
::*''[[Auto Modellista]]''
::*''[[Cel Damage]]''
::*''[[Futurama (game)|Futurama]]'' the game
::*''[[Magic Pengel]]'' (The doodles)
::*''[[Musashi: Samurai Legend]]''
::*''[[Treasure Planet]]''
::*''[[XIII (game)|XIII]]''
::Yours sincerely,


The addition of Jaco Pastorius helped push the group to the height of their popularity. Their biggest individual hit, [[jazz standard]] "[[Birdland (jazz composition)|Birdland]]", from the ''[[Heavy Weather (album)|Heavy Weather]]'' album in 1977, even made the pop charts that year. The group also appeared on television on one of ''[[Don Kirshner's Rock Concert]]''s. ''Heavy Weather'' proved to be the band's most successful album in terms of sales, while still retaining wide critical acclaim. Pastorius established a new standard in fretless electric bass playing and added two compositions of his own. ''Heavy Weather'' dominated Weather Report's disc awards, including their last ''Down Beat'' "Album of the Year" award.
::[[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 09:57, 4 August 2005 (UTC).


[[Jaco Pastorius]] appeared on four more Weather Report albums: ''[[Mr. Gone (album)|Mr. Gone]]'' in 1978, ''[[8:30]]'' in 1979, ''[[Night Passage (Weather Report album)|Night Passage]]'' in 1980, and their second album just called [[Weather Report (1982 album)|Weather Report]], recorded in 1981 and released in 1982. Pastorius departed the group in late 1981 as he had to fulfil touring requirements with his own ''[[Word of Mouth (Jaco Pastorius album)|Word of Mouth]]'' Big Band. By the time he left Weather Report, Jaco had begun displaying symptoms of [[manic depression]] which would leave him with serious problems later in life.
:I disagree with the removal of XIII. It won the best of show award at [http://www.ects.com/ ECTS] and was quite a big budget title, and although it didn't do above average in sales, it was heavily marketed for its visual style. [[User:The demiurge|The demiurge]] 21:37, August 5, 2005 (UTC)
::Not only did it sell somewhat averagely, it also received damning reviews and was generally tagged as forgettable. You are right in saying that is was heavily marketed for its visual style, and for this reason, I am in effect reconsidering its removal. What do others think? [[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 11:22, 6 August 2005 (UTC).
:::There probably wouldn't be any factual conflict in its inclusion. Overall, it did alright, and it was the first cel-shaded FPS (though I could be wrong). Personally, I would like to see it back on the list. [[User:Joshfist|Joshfist]] 02:30, 2005 August 7 (UTC)
::::I shall add it back to the list, then; any further discussion on the subject can be made in this thread. [[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] [[User_talk:GrumpyTroll|(talk)]] 11:09, 7 August 2005 (UTC).


Owing to Pastorius' professional involvement with [[Joni Mitchell]] throughout the latter half of the 1970s, Mitchell hired both the ''Heavy Weather'' and ''8:30'' line-ups ''en masse'' (although without Zawinul in each case), to play on her studio albums ''[[Don Juan's Reckless Daughter]]'' and ''[[Mingus (album)|Mingus]]'', respectively.
* I deleted Super Smash Brothers Melee and Wipeout 3 from the list,in my opinion the examples should list only games that do it exclusively and these two certaintly don't meet that criteria. [[User:Deathawk|Deathawk]] 01:31, 27 December 2005 (UTC)


==Downbeat's "One Star" rating==
I disagree. That section didn't just cover video games, but also TV shows, movies, ads too. It is irresponsible to just keep the video game segment. Unless replacements of these sections are made, they should not be removed. Jacob Poon 01:26, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
Many of the group's earlier albums had received the highest possible (5-star) record rating in ''Down Beat'''s record reviews. However, in 1978 the group recorded the controversial and experimental ''[[Mr. Gone (album)|Mr. Gone]]'', which received only a 1-star review from ''Down Beat'' magazine. The group arranged for a rebuttal interview with the magazine to defend their efforts. Zawinul and Pastorius were defiant in their responses to the interviewer, Shorter more philosophical, and Erskine the most reticent of the four. Some say this particular Downbeat review was the most controversial in the magazine's history.


They would make a comeback and follow up with their last album of the 1970s. 1979's ''[[8:30]]'' is considered to be one of their best, combining both live and studio recordings on a double LP release. The group won the 1979 [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance|Best Jazz Fusion Performance]] for ''8:30''. Despite the ''Mr. Gone'' controversy, the band's follow-up 8:30 tour was probably their most well attended. Zawinul has been quoted as saying there were more stage hands hired for that tour than at any other time in the band's history. The group toured intentionally as a quartet now, temporarily abandoning the percussionist chair.
== Toon shader merger ==


==1980s==
It has been suggested that [[Toon shader]] be merged into this article, yet it contains no information not yet present in the latter, though perhaps [[:Image:Toon-shader.jpg|its image]] could be of use. The said illustration could be introduced into Cel-shaded animation and Toon shader may then serve as a redirection to this article. Do other participators agree?
The band kept releasing new albums once a year with various line-ups until 1986. A high quality video (''Live in Japan'' — VHS and Laser Disc only) featuring [[Omar Hakim]] on drums, Victor Bailey on bass, and Mineu Cinelo on percussion was also released around 1984. This video was released on DVD in 2007 and is currently available.


Weather Report did not manage to match the critical or commercial success they enjoyed during the 1970s during this decade. It was also becoming harder to market jazz fusion as traditional jazz was making a comeback at the time. Shorter and Zawinul mutually decided to disband in 1986 after recording their last album, ''[[This is This!]]'' Both would play jazz fusion with their own groups for a time before moving on to new styles of music.
[[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 21:20, 4 August 2005 (UTC).


==Releases since the band's breakup==
:Yeah I agree, and sorry for being too lazy to just do it when I found the article. I was in a bit of a rush so I didn't want to blank that article with a redirect before checking wether or not it actualy had any usefull info not already here. IMHO that image could replace the Zelda screenshot in the intro part, and we can move Zelda down to the video game section or some such. --[[User:Sherool|Sherool]] 21:41, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
A "post band" Weather Report double CD, ''[[Live and Unreleased (album)|Live and Unreleased]]'' was made available in 2002, featuring vintage live recordings during the late 1970s/early 1980s with various personnel. In September 2006 Columbia/Legacy released a Weather Report boxed set, ''[[Forecast: Tomorrow]]''. It includes 3 CDs of mostly pre-released material (from 1970–1985, excluding ''This is This!'') and a DVD of the entire September 28, 1978 performance in Offenbach, Germany (with Erskine and Pastorius) not previously available.
::I made Toon shader a redirection to this article, placed the [[:Image:Toon-shader.jpg|Toon shader illustration]] in the article header and moved the [[:Image:Zelda_wind_waker.jpg|''Wind Waker'' screenshot]] thumbnail to the [[Cel-shaded_animation#Video_games|Video games]] section. [[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] 21:55, 4 August 2005 (UTC).


A DVD video of the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival performance (featuring the Heavy Weather lineup of Pastorius, Acuna, and Badrena) has become available as well. There also may be a chance that Columbia/Legacy may re-release the 1984 Live in Japan concert on DVD at some point in the future.
== Guide to cel-shading for game devs. ==


==Alumni==
Here is an article intended to introduce game devs to the steps behind cel-shading: [http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article1438.asp GameDev.net - Cel-Shading]. I haven't read through it completely, but it might be useful. [[User:Joshfist|Joshfist]] 01:34, 2005 August 5 (UTC)
Other former members of Weather Report include bassists [[Alphonso Johnson]] and [[Victor Bailey]], drummer and percussionist [[Alex Acuña]], percussionists [[Manolo Badrena]] and Robert Thomas Jr., and drummers [[Peter Erskine]] and [[Omar Hakim]].
:I'm adding it to external links. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 19:56, 5 August 2005 (UTC)


==Brief analysis of the leaders==
== Modders cel-shade LoZ: OOT ==
====Josef Zawinul====
It was first with Miles Davis, then with Weather Report that keyboardist Josef Zawinul became almost synonymous with the [[jazz fusion]] era, contributing a number of genre-defining compositions. One such composition (although not typical) is the band's signature tune "Birdland" from the band's top seller ''[[Heavy Weather (album)|Heavy Weather]]''.


Zawinul's playing style is often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations — simultaneously bebop, ethnic and pop-sounding — combined with sparse but rhythmic big-band chords or bass lines. In Weather Report, he often employed a [[vocoder]] as well as pre-recorded sounds played (i.e., filtered and transposed) through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive, often beautiful, synthesis of [[jazz chord|jazz harmonics]] and "noise" ("using all the sounds the world generates"). Many consider Zawinul the "best" synthesizer player "in jazz", and he frequently employed over 10 keyboards with live settings of his bands.
[http://www.gamebrink.com/forums/showthread.php?t=243&page=1&pp=10 Check it out]. Interesting. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 20:36, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
:My, that is very interesting indeed, and also very impressive. Is it possible to download this modification (and the ''Super Mario 64'' one as well), or is it illegal to do so and hence infeasible? Thank you for the reference, the eye candy alone warrants a visit. [[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] [[User_talk:GrumpyTroll|(talk)]] 20:55, 10 August 2005 (UTC).
::[http://www.jeux-france.com/blog34431_Aurel64 More here]. For downloading, I'm not sure how legal this is. I found [http://www.emutalk.net/high-resolution-textures-projects/26320-federellis-retexture-pack-zelda-oot-mq.html this] though I don't think that is the cel-shaded version. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 21:05, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
:::It is said that the ''Ocarina of Time'' cel-shading conversion shall soon be finished. The file you link to is the high-resolution textures version. (Do you believe it is legal to download these modifications if one owns the original version of the game?) [[User:GrumpyTroll|Grumpy Troll]] [[User_talk:GrumpyTroll|(talk)]] 21:17, 10 August 2005 (UTC).
::::Probably not. The artwork in video games are usually copyrighted which does not allow you to make derived works. Probably the EULA of the game explicitly states you cannot do this. I have a feeling though they won't be losing any sleep over this as it promotes a fan community and I think they worry much more about things like Bittorrent piracy. That being said, Nintendo is a japanese company. In japan it is very common for fans of popular mangas to create their own versions (see [[Dōjinshi]]). While not strictly legal I don't think anyone has ever been sued for doing this. I need to think about this some more. [[User:Jacoplane|Jacoplane]] 21:23, 10 August 2005 (UTC)


Mr. Zawinul passed away on September 11, 2007 after a battle with [[Merkel cell cancer]].
== First real time cel-shaded videogame was Wacky Racers ==


====Wayne Shorter====
The first released real time cel-shaded video game was Wacky Racers for the Dreamcast. Although I have no source, I have heard that Jet Grind/Set Radio was the first game ANNOUNCED to use cel-shading. Also, Fear Effect did not use real time cel-shading, it used static textures to give the appearance of cel-shading. Another game to do cel-shading with static textures was Mega Man Legends on the Playstation, which was ported to the Nintendo 64 under the title Mega Man 64.
Wayne Shorter's role was not as prominent as it was with [[Miles Davis]] during the 1960s and this led to some criticism of the group. However, he is regarded as one of the all time greats on both the tenor and soprano saxophone as well as a composer. At the urging of Davis before he left his band, Shorter began using the soprano saxophone and played it exclusively in Weather Report's debut recording. On later records, he played both soprano and tenor saxophone - sometimes on the same piece. Shorter is known for playing in a quite economical and "listening" style in many WR recordings, often adding subtle harmonic, melodic and/or rhythmic complexity by responding to other member's improvisations. Still, in some situations (with or without WR), he can also be frenetic like, for instance, [[John Coltrane]] or [[Michael Brecker]].


==Discography==
-----
*''[[Weather Report (1971 album)|Weather Report]]'' (1971)
*''[[I Sing the Body Electric (album)|I Sing the Body Electric]]'' (1972)
*''[[Live in Tokyo (Weather Report album)|Live in Tokyo]]'' (1972)
*''[[Sweetnighter]]'' (1973)
*''[[Mysterious Traveller]]'' (1974)
*''[[Tale Spinnin']]'' (1975)
*''[[Black Market (album)|Black Market]]'' (1976)
*''[[Heavy Weather (album)|Heavy Weather]]'' (1977)
*''[[Mr. Gone (album)|Mr. Gone]]'' (1978)
*''[[8:30]]'' (1979)
*''[[Night Passage (Weather Report album)|Night Passage]]'' (1980)
*''[[Weather Report (1982 album)|Weather Report]]'' (1982)
*''[[Procession (album)|Procession]]'' (1983)
*''[[Domino Theory (album)|Domino Theory]]'' (1984)
*''[[Sportin' Life]]'' (1985)
*''[[This is This!]]'' (1986)
*''[[Live and Unreleased (album)|Live and Unreleased]]'' (2002)
*''[[Forecast: Tomorrow]]'' (2006)


==External links==
It may have a cartoon style, but it is not Cel Shaded.
*[http://www.binkie.net/wrdisc/index.html Weather Report: The Annotated Discography]
*[http://www.threeviews.com/wr.htm Weather Report: Tourography]
*[http://www.progboard.com/en/Weather-Report/185 Weather Report on Progboard]: Weather Report albums reviews and ratings
*[http://membres.lycos.fr/synoc/weather.htm Weather Report (in French)]
*[http://www.jacopastorius.com/music/essential/weatherreport.asp The Essential Jaco: Weather Report]
*[http://www.zawinulfans.org/modules/sections/index.php?op=viewarticle&artid=43 Wayne Shorter's letter written for Joe Zawinul's funeral]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/arts/12zawinul.html?ex=1347249600&en=0aec9f91523b5158&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Obituary of Joe Zawinul]


[[Category:1970s music groups]]
-----
[[Category:1980s music groups]]
[[Category:Jazz fusion ensembles]]
[[Category:American jazz ensembles]]
[[Category:New York musical groups]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]


[[cs:Weather Report]]
This topic came up in the letters page of an old Edge where they agreed that in a particular country/region Wacky Racers was the first cel-shaded videogame.
[[da:Weather Report]]

[[de:Weather Report]]
==Like rotoscope?==
[[es:Weather Report]]
Could this be seen as some sort of [[rotoscope]] process? Instead of live-action frames, 3D computer animated frames are used instead. And instead of only rotoscoping characters, all the objects and all of the background and so on are rotoscoped. And instead of using human hands, a computer program is used for the process.
[[fr:Weather Report]]
Imagining some of Disney's most famous animated features being made this way (where human hands being used to clean up the images when and where needed). The results would have been much more impressive than just the advanced [[multiplane camera]] alone could have created.
[[id:Weather Report]]

[[it:Weather Report]]
---
[[nl:Weather Report]]

[[ja:ウェザー・リポート]]
This is not really like rotoscoping at all. If you look at the actual way that it is done on a computer then it becomes incredibly obvious exactly what's happening, and let me tell you, it has no real relation to rotoscoping. [[User:Vjasper|Vjasper]] 02:37, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
[[no:Weather Report]]

[[pl:Weather Report]]
== Cel-Shading resources ==
[[pt:Weather Report]]

[[ro:Weather Report]]
[http://www.cybercoalition.com CyberCoalition.com] This site aims to bring the cel-shading community together. Perhaps a section with places to find additonal information and techniques on the use of cel-shading.
[[ru:Weather Report]]

[[sr:Ведер рипорт]]
== No mention of The Lion King ==
[[fi:Weather Report]]

[[sv:Weather Report]]
The wilderbeast stampede sequence in Disney's The Lion King (1994) featured what is perhaps the first use of cel-shading in an animated movie. It was done remarkably well for its time and was a milestone in animation history. I think it should be mentioned somewhere in this article.

==Blender 3d==
An open source 3d modeler, Blender3d is capable of rendering 3d models that appear as though they are cell shaded using the toon shading options. Finally I get to modle Wind Waker Link like I always wanted... =)

==Schwab?==

Are the Schwab "Talk to Chuck" commericals done using Cel-shading? It looks like it, but I'm not too sure. Can anyone here clarify for me? Thanks. -[[User:Odin314|Odin]] 22:14, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

==Examples==
The page could use far more examples, I guess we have copyright concerns?[[User:User6985|Thomas B]] 00:21, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

==Zelda: WW screenshot==
I adore how well Zelda: The Wind Waker pulls off its cel-shading effects, but it's not very well visible in the screenshot featuring a floating Link. Or rather, it's not easy to differentiate it from a work of traditional 3D model rendering. [[User:Tass-AJ|Tass-AJ]] @ [[User:125.63.225.250|125.63.225.250]] 13:31, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
:I was about to say the same... Can we find a better shot? [[User:Gerbrant|Shinobu]] 02:36, 9 October 2006 (UTC)
::A picture of phantom Gannon would be good because he has an outline, making it more obvious its cel shaded.[[User:74.38.99.188|74.38.99.188]] 02:36, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

== Digital animation: different methods ==

The article shows only one method of doing this, but I've seen other methods as well.
*Taking the double derivative of the z-buffer (works well with raytracers).
*On the backface drawing part, shift all vertices in the direction of their normal (fast, can be done beforehand, works well with existing 3D-engines, can look better near vertices).
*Generating outline and shadow using a reflection map (may require multiple passes, difficult to tune so it works correctly).
[[User:Gerbrant|Shinobu]] 03:12, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

== History of cel shading in tv/movie animation? ==

The history section doesn't mention cel shading in anything other than video games. I think it's use in tv/movies should also be mentioned. Also, the list of tv/animation that uses cel shading is a little confusing. Some of the shows are completely cel shaded while others use it only in certain scenes.
- [[User:Mizushimo|Mizi]] 19:24, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

== A Scanner Darkly Reference ==

It's unnecessary to include a request for a citation in adding the movie "A Scanner Darkly" to the list of works utilizing cel-shading animation because the wikipedia article on the movie states that the film was done with cel-shading in the first paragraph.
fyi
[[User:Andrewcarreiro|Andrewcarreiro]] 02:52, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Regardless, the movie should be on the list, I'll add it, mmkay? [[User:59.154.26.124|59.154.26.124]] 03:25, 4 July 2007 (UTC)


A scanner darkly is not a 3d animated movie there for cannot be cel-shaded, if you don't believe me watch the making of on the dvd. So i deleted it.
[[User:Woof69|Woof69]] 14:46, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

==Fair use rationale for Image:Spidey animated.jpg==
[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|70px|left]]
'''[[:Image:Spidey animated.jpg]]''' is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under [[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]] but there is no [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline|explanation or rationale]] as to why its use in '''this''' Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags/Fair use|boilerplate fair use template]], you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with [[WP:FU|fair use]].

Please go to [[:Image:Spidey animated.jpg|the image description page]] and edit it to include a [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline |fair use rationale]]. Using one of the templates at [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline]] is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. If you have any questions please ask them at the [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright questions page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Missing rationale2 -->[[User:BetacommandBot|BetacommandBot]] 08:13, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

==Twilight Princess==
Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess was not cel-shaded. [[User:204.69.40.7|204.69.40.7]] 19:05, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

== The way decribed in the article is suboptimal ==

"The vertices must be drawn multiple times with a slight change in translation to make the lines "thick"." Actually, you would simply contruct a slightly thicker version of the object, the most significant part of which would be translating all vertices in the direction of their normal. This prevents having to draw it multiple times. [[User:Gerbrant|Shinobu]] ([[User talk:Gerbrant|talk]]) 20:34, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

==Fair use rationale for Image:Okamiscreen1.jpg==
[[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|70px|left]]
'''[[:Image:Okamiscreen1.jpg]]''' is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under [[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]] but there is no [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline|explanation or rationale]] as to why its use in '''this''' Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags/Fair use|boilerplate fair use template]], you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with [[WP:FU|fair use]].

Please go to [[:Image:Okamiscreen1.jpg|the image description page]] and edit it to include a [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline |fair use rationale]]. Using one of the templates at [[Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline]] is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. If you have any questions please ask them at the [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright questions page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Missing rationale2 -->

[[User:BetacommandBot|BetacommandBot]] ([[User talk:BetacommandBot|talk]]) 15:30, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

== History needs to be revamped severely ==

Cel-Shading was used in movies before video games (The Iron Giant). The history section is written to make it seem like it started in video games.

Revision as of 21:28, 10 October 2008

Weather Report
For the song "Weather Report" by The American Analog Set, see The Golden Band.

Weather Report was an influential jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s, combining jazz and latin jazz with art music, ethnic music, r&b, funk, and rock elements (in heavily varying proportions during the years), often demonstrating high levels of compositional and improvisational skills.

The beginning

Founders pianist Joe Zawinul and saxophonist Wayne Shorter first met and became friends in 1959 as they had both played in Maynard Ferguson's Big Band. Weather Report is, despite this, often seen as a spin-off from the group of musicians associated with Miles Davis in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Shorter and Zawinul duo became a stable core of the group, while other musicians were rotated with almost every new album release. Both Zawinul and Shorter had made their mark among the best composers in jazz, Zawinul in Cannonball Adderley's group and Shorter in Miles Davis's group. Zawinul later joined Shorter with Miles Davis's first recordings of fusion music, In a Silent Way and Bitches Brew.

Initially, the band's music featured extended improvisation, similar to Davis's Bitches Brew-period work, and instrumentation included both a traditional trap set drummer ( Alphonse Mouzon ) and a second percussionist (first Airto Moreira, later Dom Um Romão). Though the album credits only Airto on percussion, Brian Glasser, in his Zawinul biography In a Silent Way, describes the participation of two other percussionists prior to Airto's involvement: Don Alias, a well-known session player who subsequently toured and recorded with Jaco Pastorius; and Barbara Burton, a New York symphonic and freelance percussionist recruited by Shorter. According to Glasser, Alias "walked out before the record was completed after an argument with Zawinul about what he should be playing". Burton told Glasser that she and Alias did the whole album, and it wasn't until the last session "when all the tracks had been laid [down] at Columbia Studios" that Airto became involved. Apparently Zawinul thought something was missing, or he was in some way unsatisfied, because Burton overheard Joe asking Airto if there was anything he could add. Airto said, "Man, that album is finished. There's nothing I can add." Nevertheless, Zawinul persisted and Airto recorded for the album. [IASW, p.133-135]

The group was unusual and innovative in abandoning the soloist-accompaniment demarcation of straight-ahead jazz and instead featuring continuous improvisation by every member of the band.

Reedman Wayne Shorter further pioneered the role of the soprano sax (taking the torch from Sidney Bechet's and John Coltrane's earlier efforts) and both Zawinul and original bassist Miroslav Vitouš experimented with rock guitarists' electronic effects, Zawinul on piano and synthesizers, Vitouš on upright bass, often bowed, as a second horn-like voice.

Early recordings

Weather Report's self titled debut album Weather Report won Down Beat magazine's Album of the Year in 1971. Although the album features a softer sound than in later years (acoustic bass and no synthesizers were used), it is still considered a classic of early fusion. The opening song "Milky Way" uses a technique by which the piano strings are sounded not by the hammers from the keyboard itself but from Shorter's soprano saxophone playing the notes and causing sympathetic vibrations in the piano strings.

The following year, Weather Report's second album, I Sing the Body Electric, featured their first use of electronics beyond an electric keyboard (a synthesizer and sound effects were utilized). Part of the album was recorded live in Japan, an excerpt from what was then a Japanese-only release. The entire Live in Tokyo double album would later be released as an import and made available in the United States.

Becoming "Funkier"

Starting with 1973's Sweetnighter, Zawinul decided to abandon the (primarily) acoustic group improvisation format and the band started to take a new direction. Weather Report became more funk/groove oriented while adding more structure to both song and improvisational sections. This change would prove to be not the best fit for Vitouš' talents as his relative lack of interest in playing more repetitive, funky vamps would become an issue (parts of Sweetnighter employ an electric bass studio sideman). Eventually this led to his departure and replacement by a fretless electric bass player Shorter knew who was playing with Chuck Mangione's group, Alphonso Johnson. The last song on the album, Shorter's "Non Stop Home", would arguably foreshadow the band's hallmark sound that would appear more in evidence on their next album.

Instability with the drum chair

For its first 8 years of existence the group had difficulty finding a permanent drummer, moving through an approximate average of one drummer per year Alphonse Mouzon, Eric Gravatt, Greg Errico, Ishmael Wilburn, Skip Hadden, Darryl Brown, Leon 'Ndugu' Chancler, Chester Thompson, Narada Michael Walden and Alex Acuña until Jaco Pastorius helped recruit Peter Erskine in 1978. Erskine and Omar Hakim later on were the only Weather Report drummers that played with the band more than 2 years.

Middle Period

Weather Report's breakout album that established its hallmark sound would be Mysterious Traveller from 1974. For the first time an electric bass (performed by Philadelphian Alphonso Johnson) would be used on nearly every song. In addition, general compositional technique would be greatly heightened and Zawinul would exploit improvements in synthesizer technology on the recording. Some of the extra musical effects beyond just the musical synthesizer playing include crowd cheering (taken from an actual Rose Bowl game), space alien sounds, and child-like cries (Zawinul's own son recorded in their home). Mysterious Traveller would begin Weather Report's unprecedented string of four consecutive Down Beat "Album of the Year" awards.

Tale Spinnin', recorded in 1975, made even further strides in utilizing technological improvements in synthesizers. The album also showcased more of Wayne Shorter's soloing to the extent that he probably solos more on that album than any other Weather Report record. Shorter would also record the seminal and well received Latin-jazz classic of the 1970s, Native Dancer, under his own name that same year with the Brazilian vocalist Milton Nascimento. The Weather Report effort won the Down Beat best album award again and the Shorter/Nascimento effort was runner up.

The "Jaco" Years

By 1976's Black Market, the group's music had evolved further from the open-ended funk jams into more melody-oriented, concise forms, which also achieved a greater mass-market appeal. Most notably, this album introduced virtuoso bassist Jaco Pastorius into the group, although he only played on two of this album's tracks. Alphonso Johnson (who played on the other 5 songs) decided to leave Weather Report to play with the Billy Cobham/George Duke Band (a group that featured a young John Scofield on guitar). Black Market was perhaps the most rock oriented studio album by Weather Report, in part due to former Frank Zappa sideman Chester Thompson playing drums on most of the songs (he later would be recruited into the touring band of Genesis). Black Market again won Down Beat's album of the year.

The addition of Jaco Pastorius helped push the group to the height of their popularity. Their biggest individual hit, jazz standard "Birdland", from the Heavy Weather album in 1977, even made the pop charts that year. The group also appeared on television on one of Don Kirshner's Rock Concerts. Heavy Weather proved to be the band's most successful album in terms of sales, while still retaining wide critical acclaim. Pastorius established a new standard in fretless electric bass playing and added two compositions of his own. Heavy Weather dominated Weather Report's disc awards, including their last Down Beat "Album of the Year" award.

Jaco Pastorius appeared on four more Weather Report albums: Mr. Gone in 1978, 8:30 in 1979, Night Passage in 1980, and their second album just called Weather Report, recorded in 1981 and released in 1982. Pastorius departed the group in late 1981 as he had to fulfil touring requirements with his own Word of Mouth Big Band. By the time he left Weather Report, Jaco had begun displaying symptoms of manic depression which would leave him with serious problems later in life.

Owing to Pastorius' professional involvement with Joni Mitchell throughout the latter half of the 1970s, Mitchell hired both the Heavy Weather and 8:30 line-ups en masse (although without Zawinul in each case), to play on her studio albums Don Juan's Reckless Daughter and Mingus, respectively.

Downbeat's "One Star" rating

Many of the group's earlier albums had received the highest possible (5-star) record rating in Down Beat's record reviews. However, in 1978 the group recorded the controversial and experimental Mr. Gone, which received only a 1-star review from Down Beat magazine. The group arranged for a rebuttal interview with the magazine to defend their efforts. Zawinul and Pastorius were defiant in their responses to the interviewer, Shorter more philosophical, and Erskine the most reticent of the four. Some say this particular Downbeat review was the most controversial in the magazine's history.

They would make a comeback and follow up with their last album of the 1970s. 1979's 8:30 is considered to be one of their best, combining both live and studio recordings on a double LP release. The group won the 1979 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance for 8:30. Despite the Mr. Gone controversy, the band's follow-up 8:30 tour was probably their most well attended. Zawinul has been quoted as saying there were more stage hands hired for that tour than at any other time in the band's history. The group toured intentionally as a quartet now, temporarily abandoning the percussionist chair.

1980s

The band kept releasing new albums once a year with various line-ups until 1986. A high quality video (Live in Japan — VHS and Laser Disc only) featuring Omar Hakim on drums, Victor Bailey on bass, and Mineu Cinelo on percussion was also released around 1984. This video was released on DVD in 2007 and is currently available.

Weather Report did not manage to match the critical or commercial success they enjoyed during the 1970s during this decade. It was also becoming harder to market jazz fusion as traditional jazz was making a comeback at the time. Shorter and Zawinul mutually decided to disband in 1986 after recording their last album, This is This! Both would play jazz fusion with their own groups for a time before moving on to new styles of music.

Releases since the band's breakup

A "post band" Weather Report double CD, Live and Unreleased was made available in 2002, featuring vintage live recordings during the late 1970s/early 1980s with various personnel. In September 2006 Columbia/Legacy released a Weather Report boxed set, Forecast: Tomorrow. It includes 3 CDs of mostly pre-released material (from 1970–1985, excluding This is This!) and a DVD of the entire September 28, 1978 performance in Offenbach, Germany (with Erskine and Pastorius) not previously available.

A DVD video of the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival performance (featuring the Heavy Weather lineup of Pastorius, Acuna, and Badrena) has become available as well. There also may be a chance that Columbia/Legacy may re-release the 1984 Live in Japan concert on DVD at some point in the future.

Alumni

Other former members of Weather Report include bassists Alphonso Johnson and Victor Bailey, drummer and percussionist Alex Acuña, percussionists Manolo Badrena and Robert Thomas Jr., and drummers Peter Erskine and Omar Hakim.

Brief analysis of the leaders

Josef Zawinul

It was first with Miles Davis, then with Weather Report that keyboardist Josef Zawinul became almost synonymous with the jazz fusion era, contributing a number of genre-defining compositions. One such composition (although not typical) is the band's signature tune "Birdland" from the band's top seller Heavy Weather.

Zawinul's playing style is often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations — simultaneously bebop, ethnic and pop-sounding — combined with sparse but rhythmic big-band chords or bass lines. In Weather Report, he often employed a vocoder as well as pre-recorded sounds played (i.e., filtered and transposed) through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive, often beautiful, synthesis of jazz harmonics and "noise" ("using all the sounds the world generates"). Many consider Zawinul the "best" synthesizer player "in jazz", and he frequently employed over 10 keyboards with live settings of his bands.

Mr. Zawinul passed away on September 11, 2007 after a battle with Merkel cell cancer.

Wayne Shorter

Wayne Shorter's role was not as prominent as it was with Miles Davis during the 1960s and this led to some criticism of the group. However, he is regarded as one of the all time greats on both the tenor and soprano saxophone as well as a composer. At the urging of Davis before he left his band, Shorter began using the soprano saxophone and played it exclusively in Weather Report's debut recording. On later records, he played both soprano and tenor saxophone - sometimes on the same piece. Shorter is known for playing in a quite economical and "listening" style in many WR recordings, often adding subtle harmonic, melodic and/or rhythmic complexity by responding to other member's improvisations. Still, in some situations (with or without WR), he can also be frenetic like, for instance, John Coltrane or Michael Brecker.

Discography

External links

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