Inverted breve: Difference between revisions

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Inverted breve
	U+0311 ◌̑ COMBINING INVERTED BREVE

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Inverted breve or arch is a diacritical mark, shaped like the top half of a circle ( ̑ ), that is, like an upside-down breve (˘). It looks similar to the circumflex (ˆ), which has a sharp tip (Â â Ê ê Î î Ô ô Û û), while the inverted breve is rounded: (Ȃ ȃ Ȇ ȇ Ȋ ȋ Ȏ ȏ Ȗ ȗ).

Inverted breve can occur above or below the letter. It is not used in any natural language alphabet,^{[citation needed]} but as a phonetic indicator. It is identical in form to the Ancient Greek circumflex.

Uses

Serbo-Croatian

The inverted breve above is used in traditional Slavicist notation of Serbo-Croatian phonology to indicate long falling accent. It is placed above the syllable nucleus, which can be one of five vowels (ȃ ȇ ȋ ȏ ȗ) or syllabic ȓ. This use of the inverted breve is derived from the Ancient Greek circumflex, which was preserved in the polytonic orthography of Modern Greek and influenced^{[clarification needed]} early Serbian Cyrillic printing through religious literature. In the early 19th century, it began to be used in both Latin and Cyrillic as a diacritic to mark prosody in the systematic study of the Serbo-Croatian linguistic continuum.

International Phonetic Alphabet

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, an inverted breve below is used to mark a vowel as non-syllabic, i.e. assuming the role of a semivowel. The diacritic thus expands upon the four primary symbols [j, w, ɥ, ɰ] the IPA reserves for semivowels, which correspond to the full vowels [i, u, y, ɯ], respectively. Any vowel is eligible for marking as non-syllabic; a frequent use of the diacritic is in conjunction with the centralised equivalents of the vowels just mentioned: [ɪ̯, ʊ̯, ʏ̯].

The same diacritic is placed under iota (ι̯) to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel *y as it relates to Greek grammar; upsilon with an inverted breve (υ̯) is used alongside digamma (ϝ) to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel *w.^[1]

Encoding

Inverted breve characters are supported in Unicode and HTML code (decimal numeric character reference).

Name	Letter	Unicode	HTML
Combining Inverted Breve	◌̑	U+0311	̑
Combining Inverted Breve Below	◌̯	U+032F	̯
Combining Double Inverted Breve	◌͡◌	U+0361	͡
Combining Double Inverted Breve Below	◌᷼◌	U+1DFC	᷼
Modifier Breve With Inverted Breve	꭛	U+AB5B	꭛
Latin Capital Letter A With Inverted Breve	Ȃ	U+0202	Ȃ
Latin Small Letter A With Inverted Breve	ȃ	U+0203	ȃ
Latin Capital Letter E With Inverted Breve	Ȇ	U+0206	Ȇ
Latin Small Letter E With Inverted Breve	ȇ	U+0207	ȇ
Latin Capital Letter I With Inverted Breve	Ȋ	U+020A	Ȋ
Latin Small Letter I With Inverted Breve	ȋ	U+020B	ȋ
Latin Capital Letter O With Inverted Breve	Ȏ	U+020E	Ȏ
Latin Small Letter O With Inverted Breve	ȏ	U+020F	ȏ
Latin Capital Letter R With Inverted Breve	Ȓ	U+0212	Ȓ
Latin Small Letter R With Inverted Breve	ȓ	U+0213	ȓ
Latin Capital Letter U With Inverted Breve	Ȗ	U+0216	Ȗ
Latin Small Letter U With Inverted Breve	ȗ	U+0217	ȗ

In LaTeX the control \textroundcap{o} puts an inverted breve over the letter o.^[2]

Notes

^ Herbert Weir Smyth. Greek Grammar. par. 20 a: semivowels.
^ "LaTeX for Classical Philologists and Indo-Europeanists". Retrieved 2010-09-23.^{[dead link]}

External links

Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents

[1] Herbert Weir Smyth. Greek Grammar. par. 20 a: semivowels.

[2] "LaTeX for Classical Philologists and Indo-Europeanists". Retrieved 2010-09-23.^{[dead link]}

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Diacritical mark}}
-{{Diacritical marks|&#x0311;}}
+{{Infobox diacritic|char=◌̑
-{{Letters with inverted breve}}
+|name=
-'''Inverted breve''' or '''arch''' is a [[diacritic]]al mark, shaped like the top half of a circle (&nbsp;&#785;&nbsp;), that is, like an upside-down [[breve]] (˘). It looks similar to the [[circumflex]] (ˆ), but the circumflex has a sharp tip; the inverted breve is rounded: compare ''Ȃ ȃ Ȇ ȇ Ȋ ȋ Ȏ ȏ Ȗ ȗ'' (inverted breve) versus ''Â â Ê ê Î î Ô ô Û û'' (circumflex).
+|unicode={{unichar|0311|COMBINING INVERTED BREVE|cwith=◌ }}
+}}
+'''Inverted breve''' or '''arch''' is a [[diacritic]]al mark, shaped like the top half of a circle (&nbsp;̑&nbsp;), that is, like an upside-down [[breve]] (˘). It looks similar to the [[circumflex]] (ˆ), which has a sharp tip (''Â â Ê ê Î î Ô ô Û û''), while the inverted breve is rounded: (''Ȃ ȃ Ȇ ȇ Ȋ ȋ Ȏ ȏ Ȗ ȗ'').
-Inverted breve can occur above or below the letter. It is not used in any natural language [[alphabet]],{{citation needed|reason=The Ȓ is used in Iñupiaq|date=October 2015}} but only as a phonetic indicator though it is identical in form to the [[Greek diacritics#Accents|Ancient Greek circumflex]].
+Inverted breve can occur above or below the letter. It is not used in any natural language [[alphabet]],{{citation needed|reason=The R̆ is used in Iñupiaq|date=October 2015}} but as a phonetic indicator. It is identical in form to the [[Greek diacritics#Accents|Ancient Greek circumflex]].
 == Uses ==
 ===Serbo-Croatian===
-The inverted breve above is used in traditional [[Slavic studies|Slavicist]] notation of [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]] to indicate long falling accent. It is placed above the [[syllable nucleus]], which can be one of five vowels (ȃ ȇ ȋ ȏ ȗ) or syllabic ȓ.
+The inverted breve above is used in traditional [[Slavic studies|Slavicist]] notation of [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]] to indicate long falling accent. It is placed above the [[syllable nucleus]], which can be one of five vowels (ȃ ȇ ȋ ȏ ȗ) or syllabic ȓ. This use of the inverted breve is derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] circumflex, which was preserved in the [[Greek diacritics|polytonic orthography]] of [[Modern Greek]] and influenced{{clarify|date=January 2011|reason=How influenced? Was it actually used? How was it used?}} early Serbian [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] printing through religious literature. In the early 19th century, it began to be used in both Latin and Cyrillic as a [[diacritic]] to mark [[prosody (linguistics)|prosody]] in the systematic study of the [[Serbo-Croatian]] linguistic continuum.
-This use of the inverted breve is derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] [[circumflex]], which was preserved in the [[Greek diacritics|polytonic orthography]] of [[Modern Greek]] and influenced{{clarify|date=January 2011|reason=How influenced? Was it actually used? How was it used?}} early Serbian [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] printing through religious literature. In the early 19th century, it began to be used in both Latin and Cyrillic as a [[diacritic]] to mark [[prosody (linguistics)|prosody]] in the systematic study of the Serbian-Croatian linguistic continuum.
 ===International Phonetic Alphabet===
@@ Line 59: / Line 61: @@
 In [[LaTeX]] the control <code>\textroundcap{o}</code> puts an inverted breve over the letter o.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.christopherculver.com/en/computing/latex.php |title=LaTeX for Classical Philologists and Indo-Europeanists |access-date=2010-09-23 }}{{dead link|date=March 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
-== Notes ==
-{{reflist}}
 == See also ==
 * [[Tie (typography)]]
+== Notes ==
+{{reflist}}
 == External links ==
 *[http://diacritics.typo.cz Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents]
+{{Navbox diacritical marks}}
 {{Latin script||inverted breve}}

v t e Diacritics
In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek	◌́ ◌̋ acute, double acute ◌᷄ apex ◌̆ ◌̑ breve, inverted breve ◌̌ caron, háček ◌̧ cedilla ◌̂ circumflex ◌̈ diaeresis, umlaut, other ◌̇ ◌̣ dot ◌̀ ◌̏ grave, double grave ◌̉ hook above ◌̡ ◌̢ palatal hook, retroflex hook ◌̛ horn ◌ͅ iota subscript ◌ˉ macron ◌˛ ogonek, nosinė ◌̊ ◌̥ overring, underring ◌͂ perispomene ◌͗ sicilicus ◌̃ tilde ◌῾ ◌᾿ rough breathing, smooth breathing
In Early Cyrillic	◌҄ kamora ◌҇ pokrytie ◌҃ titlo
In Indic	ं ং ଂ ം anusvara ऽ ঽ ଽ ఽ ഽ ྅ avagraha ँ ఁ ྃ chandrabindu ़ nuqta ् ് ్ ್ ් ် virama ः ঃ ଃ ஃ visarga
In other scripts	Arabic diacritics Greek diacritics Gurmukhī diacritics Hebrew diacritics diacritics in IPA Japanese kana diacritics ◌゙ ◌゚ dakuten, handakuten Khmer diacritics Syriac diacritics Thai diacritics
Marks used as diacritics	◌’ apostrophe ◌̸ bar ◌: colon ◌, comma ◌. full stop/period ◌˗ hyphen ◌′ prime
Non-diacritic uses	^ caret (computing) ° degree symbol ~ tilde § Mathematics
In Unicode	◌ dotted circle (placeholder glyph character) combining character § Unicode ranges
See also: English terms with diacritical marks Metal umlaut Punctuation marks Category: Diacritics