Military Academy of Agulhas Negras

Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras

Type	Military college
Established	1792/1811 (new campus in 1944)
Commander	Lieutenant General Ricardo Augusto Ferreira Costa Neves
Location	Resende , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
Nickname	AMAN
Affiliations	Brazilian Army
Website	www.aman.eb.mil.br

The Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN, "Black Needles Military Academy" - named after the Agulhas Negras summit) is the biggest among several schools of formation of combatant officers of the Brazilian Army. It originated in 1792 with the creation of the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing - first military school of the Americas - in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Today the Academy is located in the city of Resende, in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

History

Military Academy in Rio de Janeiro, 1888.

In 1792, Queen Mary I of Portugal and Brazil founded the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho (Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing) in Rio de Janeiro, modeled after the existing Academy in Lisbon, intended to train artillery and engineering officers of the Portuguese Army in Brazil. This Academy is considered the pioneer of military and engineering education in the Americas.

The transfer of the Portuguese Royal Court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808 caused King Dom João VI to inaugurate on 23 April 1811 the Real Academia Militar (Royal Military Academy), incorporating the previous Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing. Its first location was at the Artillery academy, today the location of the National Historical Museum of Brazil. In 1812, it was transferred to the São Francisco square, a place that offered better conditions for warfare maneuvers. With the Independence of Brazil in 1822, it was renamed the Imperial Academia Militar (Imperial Military Academy).

With the ever-growing need to improve the training of the officers of the Brazilian Army, it was merged with the School of War in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul. In 1913, with the objective of uniting all the military institutes of War and Application, was created the Military Academy.

Given the urgent need to expand the facilities to serve a growing and fully operational Army, the Military School of Resende was created in the city of Resende on January 1, 1944. It was renamed the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras in 1951.

The first female cadets of the Academy entered its doors in 2017.

AMAN today

AMAN gates.

The AMAN campus in Resende occupies 67 km². It contains several complexes, including the Main Complex, the Physical Education Department, the Equestrian Department, the Firearms Department and the Instruction Park. The Main Complex was expanded in 1988 to two times its original size, the expansion consisting mainly of refectories and cadets' lodgings. The Command and Services Battalion includes the Headquarters Company, a Service Company, a Military Police Company, a Guard Company, a Rifleman Company, and two Corps of Cadets Auxiliary Companies. It is the largest Battalion of the Brazilian Army.

Structure

The Cadet corps are constituted by a Commander, a Deputy Commander, a staff and diverse Courses and peculiar Sections, composites for Officers and Cadets with the diverse missions and characteristics. Specialties include infantry, cavalry, artillery, combat engineering, communications, quartermaster, and ordnance.

Cadets receive training in riding, weaponry, and physical fitness.

Educational curiculum

AMAN Cadets during the "Small Sword" ceremony.

Just like so many military academies in the world, the AMAN is a medium-sized, highly residential baccalaureate college, with a full-time, four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with no graduate program, preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being officers of the Brazilian Army.

A cadet's career begins at the Preparatory School of the Brazilian Army (Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército), where they complete an initial year of military studies. Later, they should attend the Academy where another year of basic formation training takes place. The next period, qualification, lasts from the second to the fourth year.

In the first period, the cadet's personality is adjusted to military life and combat. The cadet undergoes physical qualification and training in various abilities. During the second period, the cadet practices command, continues with physical training and develops to meet the positions and functions of subordinate officer and captain.

Other activities include maneuvers, the Academic Olympics, sporting competitions against the Naval School and the Academy of the Air Force (NAVAMAER) and the South American Festival of Cadets.

Undergraduate program - academic

The academic program consists of a structured core of subjects depending on the cadet's chosen specialty as a future Army officer, balanced between the arts and sciences. In the first year the cadets receive common education in various subjects and from the second year onward studies depend on the specialty branch he or she will be posted after graduation. Regardless of major, all cadets graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree.

Undergraduate program - military

As all cadets are commissioned as aspirants upon graduation, military and leadership education is nested with academic instruction. Military training and discipline fall under the purview of the Office of the Commandant of Cadets. After the preparatory period in the EsPCEx, the New Cadets join the ranks of the Corps in February every year. Each New Cadet receives strict military training as part of his/her first year in the academy, including physical training and arms training. They are recognized as full cadets in a ceremony in August where they receive ceremonial daggers, similar to those used by the Duke of Caixas, whilst wearing the blue dress uniform of the Corps. During the summer, the fourth class cadets spend their vacations in the specialty branch school of their choice, beginning the second year as full fledged third class cadets of their chosen service branches within the Army.

Cadet Ranks

• 
  1st Year Cadet Rank
• 
  2nd Year Cadet Rank
• 
  3rd Year Cadet Rank
• 
  4th Year Cadet Rank

Notable alumni

Alumni from the Military Academy in Rio de Janeiro, both in the old campus (Rio de Janeiro) and new campus (Resende, Rio de Janeiro state):

• Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias - Brazilian's Army Protector and Prime Minister of Brazil.
• José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco - Prime Minister of Brazil.
• Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay - Brazilian aristocrat, military officer and writer.
• Deodoro da Fonseca - Marshal and President of Brazil.
• Floriano Peixoto - Marshal and President of Brazil.
• Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca - Marshal and President of Brazil.
• Eurico Gaspar Dutra - Marshal, President of Brazil and Minister of War during World War II.
• Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco - Marshal and President of Brazil.
• Artur da Costa e Silva - Marshal and President of Brazil.
• Emílio Garrastazu Médici - General and President of Brazil.
• Ernesto Geisel - General and President of Brazil.
• João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo - President of Brazil, previous chief of the National Intelligence Service of Brazil.
• Golbery do Couto e Silva - General and founder of the National Intelligence Service of Brazil (SNI).
• Enzo Martins Peri - General of the Army, former Brazilian Army commander.
• Eduardo Dias da Costa Villas Bôas - General of the Army, Brazilian Army Commander.
• Alacid Nunes – Governor of Pará (1966–1971, 1979–1983).
• Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto - Major General, former Commander of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH).
• Antônio Hamilton Martins Mourão - General of the Army, former Commander of the Southern Military Command, Vice President elect of Brazil.
• Jair Messias Bolsonaro - President elect of Brazil.

Gallery

• 
  Duke of Caxias, AMAN cadets swear the following oath: "I receive the saber of Caxias as the symbol of military honor itself."
• 
  Marshal Jose Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, nephew of president Epitácio Pessoa. He was responsible for the modern campus in 1944.
• 
  General Enzo Martins Peri, former Brazilian Army commander. He entered the Agulhas Negras Military Academy in 1960.
• 
  Building where the Royal Academy of Artillery, Blockhouse and Drawing was founded in 1792 by Queen Mary I of Portugal in Rio de Janeiro.
• 
  Presidential visit in 2006.
• 
  President Lula da Silva, the Minister of Defence Waldir Pires, Senator Rebelo and Generals listen to a speech by a cadet in 2006.
• 
  President Lula da Silva delivering a small replica of the saber of the Duke of Caxias to a cadet in 2006.
• 
  President Lula da Silva and the Minister of Defence Nelson Jobim delivering a sword during a graduation.

See also

• Brazilian Army
• Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército
• Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército
• List of Commanders of the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras
• List of Commanders of the Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército
• Academia da Força Aérea
• United States Military Academy - the United States Army equivalent

References

• "Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Army. 2008-03-11. Archived from the original on 2000-08-18. Retrieved 2008-03-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

External links

• Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras Official website Template:Pt icon
• Resende.com City maps and tourist information Template:Pt icon
• Video - Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras - Programa TVendo e Aprendendo 19/05/2009 Template:Pt icon