Jair Bolsonaro

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Jair Bolsonaro, 2019 signature

Jair Messias Bolsonaro [ ʒaˈiʁ bowsoˈnaɾu ] (born March 21, 1955 in Glicério , state of São Paulo ) is a Brazilian politician . After the presidential election in Brazil in 2018 , he has been President of Brazil since January 1, 2019 .

The former paratrooper - officer , most recently with the rank of captain , represented since 1991 a constituency of the State of Rio de Janeiro in the Chamber of Deputies of the Brazilian Congress . He changed party membership several times; Since 2019 he has been a member of the Aliança pelo Brasil (APB), which is in the founding status . Bolsonaro represents socio - political right-wing populist to right-wing extremist and economic-political neoliberal positions. He achieved above all with misogynist , homophobic ,racist , anti-scientific and the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985) defending statements received attention.

life and career

Family and private

Bolsonaro's parents Percy Geraldo Bolsonaro and Olinda, née Bonturi, have mostly Italian ancestors. His maternal grandparents emigrated to Brazil from the northern Italian city of Lucca in the 1890s . His paternal great-grandparents emigrated to Brazil in 1888 and came from Veneto and the Arbëresh community of Spezzano Albanese in Calabria . The other great-grandfather on my father's side was a German immigrant from Hamburg named Carl ("Carlos") Hintze.

Jair with his wife Michelle and their daughter

Bolsonaro has been married for the third time since 2007 to Michelle de Paula Firmo Reinaldo Bolsonaro , who is 27 years his junior and with whom he has a daughter. From his first marriage to his then wife Rogéria he has three sons, Flávio , Carlos and Eduardo Bolsonaro , who are also active in politics, and from his second marriage to Ana Cristina Valle another son.

Bolsonaro is a member of the Roman Catholic Church , but has been attending services in Baptist churches regularly since around 2008 . His wife and children are of the Baptist denomination. His marriage to Michelle de Paula was concluded by a pastor from the Pentecostal Church Assembleia de Deus . In 2016, Bolsonaro was baptized again by Pastor Everaldo Pereira (also Assembleia de Deus and head of the Partido Social Cristão ) in the Jordan . In his socio-political positions he is also close to the evangelical free churches , from which he also receives strong support. In recent years he has been a supporter and supporter of the neo-charismatic denomination of the Pentecostal movement Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus of the billionaire and self-proclaimed Bishop Edir Macedo . He gave his first interviews after the election victory exclusively in the Macedos media.

Military career

Bolsonaro already committed himself to military service in his last school years and first attended the cadet institute EsPCEx and then the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN), the military academy of the Brazilian army , which he graduated in 1977 as a lieutenant in the artillery .

He served in the airborne brigade until 1988 and was involved in several mutiny cases during this time , but was ultimately acquitted. Bolsonaro moved to the reserve with the rank of captain .

Political beginnings

Bolsonaro as a young MP (1990)

In 1988 his public political career began with the election to the city ​​council in Rio de Janeiro for the Partido Democrata Cristão (PDC). In the elections in 1990 he won a seat in the Chamber of Deputies of the National Congress for the PDC, which he was able to hold for six further terms. In 28 years he changed party affiliation eight times, the longest he stayed with the Partido Progressista Brasileiro (PPB; 1995-2003). In the 2014 election, he was the most popular member of Congress in the state of Rio de Janeiro (464,572). From 2016 to 2018 he was a member of the Partido Social Cristão (PSC). Bolsonaro has not belonged to any party since 2019. Instead, he is a member of Aliança pelo Brasil, which he co-founded .

2018 presidential election

Bolsonaro in April 2019, with his typical hand gesture, which he already liked to use during the presidential election campaign. He forms a pistol from his thumb and middle finger and symbolically pulls the trigger. Many of his followers imitated this gesture.

At the beginning of January 2018, Bolsonaro resigned from the Partido Social Cristão and joined the Partido Social Liberal (PSL), which then adopted a right-wing conservative orientation. In the same year he was elected party leader and presidential candidate for the 2018 elections in Brazil . His candidacy was also supported by the small far-right Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro (PRTB) and Bolsonaro nominated General Antônio Hamilton Mourão of the PRTB as a candidate for the office of Vice President.

He also received support from a new generation of economic actors and right-wing think tanks who advocate radical and often libertarian politics.

In the first round of the presidential election on October 7, 2018, Bolsonaro received 46.03% of the valid votes after he had bet on the topics of corruption (see Operation Lava Jato ), crime and the economic crisis in an aggressive election campaign . In particular, during the election campaign, Bolsonaro advocated a universal right to own guns and a right for the police to torture criminals and to execute them without trial. In the runoff election on October 28, 2018, Jair Bolsonaro was elected president with 55.1% of the vote.

In November 2019 he fell out with the chairman of the PSL, Luciano Bivar , whom he described as "done", and founded the alliance Aliança pelo Brasil ("Alliance for Brazil").

attack

Bolsonaro (in yellow) shortly after he was attacked.

On September 6, 2018, Bolsonaro, at that time leading in polls for the first round of the presidential election due to the expulsion of the incarcerated ex-President Lula da Silva ( PT ), was stabbed in the stomach by a 40-year-old man at an election campaign event and critically injured. He was operated on and survived. The suspect who confessed was arrested. He stated that he did the deed at “God's wish”. The perpetrator is also reported to have worked as an “evangelical missionary” and was a member of the left-wing Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (PSOL) from 2007 to 2014 .

Protests

During protests against Bolsonaro's presidency in Vitória , demonstrators carry banners with the slogan # EleNão .

In 2018 there were protests against Bolsonaro under the motto # EleNão (literally translated as "He not"), led by women and held in all major cities in Brazil, but also in other countries, a week before the presidential election on September 29, 2018. Tens of thousands of people demonstrated against Bolsonaro's racist, misogynistic and homophobic statements. The protests represented the largest gathering of people during the presidential election, with more women participating than in any protests before in Brazil.

Political classification

Bolsonaro is classified as right-wing populist or right-wing extremist , and his political style is compared to that of Donald Trump . Bolsonaro is also considered to be an "ardent supporter" of Trump.

The Brazilian philosopher Vladimir Safatle referred Bolsonaro as "classic fascist ", the Argentine historian Federico Finchelstein compares with the Bolsonaro and others. NSDAP - Reich propaganda leader and Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda Joseph Goebbels and draws parallels to the Nazi era .

The Argentine historian Federico Finchelstein compared him to the Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet , who is openly admired by Bolsonaro, because of his preference for the military and his neoliberal economic policy . Regarding Pinochet, who murdered around 3,000 predominantly left-wing opponents of the regime during his tenure, Bolsonaro said that he "should have had even more people killed" at the time.

Political views and controversies

Bolsonaro has expressed many extremely reactionary and provocative views during his political career. Opponent of the legalization of same-sex civil partnerships and same-sex marriage, he often makes controversial remarks, including homophobic and violent, misogynistic , racist and anti-refugee. He speaks out against the granting of advantages or quotas for Afro-Brazilians and supports the ban on drugs . Bolsonaro advocates the death penalty and radical military interventionism in Brazil, followed by the establishment of a military government. In 1993, eight years after the end of military rule in Brazil and renewed democratization, he said that renewed military rule would lead to a more sustainable and prosperous Brazil. He also praised former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori for his military intervention against the judiciary and the legislature . In spring 2020 he let it be known: “The Constitution, that's me” and, according to Sérgio Moro, responded to the hint that changing the police chief for personal reasons would be an attack on the independence of the judiciary with “Then it is so”. In May 2020, Jair Bolsonaro was celebrated by paratroopers with the Hitler salute.

women

Bolsonaro (front right) as Congressman, 2016, front left Maria do Rosário .

About MP Maria do Rosário (PT), who called him a rapist, Bolsonaro said in February 2015: “She does not deserve [to be raped] because she is very ugly. She is not my type. I would never rape. " (Ela não merece porque ela é muito ruim, porque ela é muito feia. Não faz meu gênero. Jamais a estupraria.) For this he was sentenced to pay a compensation of 10,000 reais, which the Supreme Court upheld. Back in 2003, Bolsonaro had insulted Rosário in a similar way during an exchange of views in the corridors of the Brazilian House of Representatives when he told her to her face that he should never rape her because she did not deserve it (“Jamais estupraria você porque você nicht merece”).

The American journalist Glenn Greenwald described Bolsonaro as “ the most misogynistic, hateful elected official in the democratic world ”. The Australian news platform News.com.au asked whether Bolsonaro was “ the world's most repulsive politician ”. The Tages-Anzeiger wrote that the then US President Donald Trump appeared against Bolsonaro “as the embodiment of wisdom, balance and restraint”.

Homophobic and racist statements

Bolsonaro films two demonstrators kissing.

On the Brazilian TV show CQC in March 2011, when asked what he would do if his son came out as homosexual, Bolsonaro replied "that this would not happen because his children had been brought up well" ( tiveram boa educação ). Shortly afterwards, he was asked how he would react if one of his sons fell in love with an Afro-Brazilian woman. Thereupon he also replied “that this would not happen because his children had been brought up well” ( meus filhos foram muito bem educados ). For these statements he was sentenced on April 14, 2015 to a pain and suffering payment in the amount of 150,000 reais (approx. 41,000 euros). In June 2011, he told the Brazilian edition of Playboy that he would prefer his child to die in an accident than turn out to be homosexual. In an interview for the documentary series Gaycation , Elliot Page recalled an earlier statement by Bolsonaro that homosexuality can be driven out of a child with a good beating. In a 2013 interview with British comedian Stephen Fry , Bolsonaro claimed that “we Brazilians don't like homosexuals” ( nós, brasileiros, nicht gostamos de homossexuais ).

Freedom of the press and agitation against the press

During his election campaign, Jair Bolsonaro repeatedly polemicized against the media. As a result, many journalists were threatened and attacked by supporters of the politician; after his election he stated in an interview z. For example, the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper was done for - newspapers that acted like them and so shamelessly lied could not expect government support. Some of Bolsonaro's harshest critics work for the Folha de S. Paulo. Bolsonaro not only let the authorities unsubscribe from this newspaper, but also gave Brazilian companies to understand that they would lose government contracts if they continued to advertise in the paper. In May 2020, Rede Globo and the Folha de S. Paulo announced that they would not provide any future coverage of informal press conferences of President Bolsonaro, on the grounds that journalists at these conferences would be subject to constant insults and insults from supporters of the President and their safety is not guaranteed.

Downplaying and glorifying the Brazilian military dictatorship

Bolsonaro repeatedly glorified the Brazilian military dictatorship , which he described, among other things, as a "glorious era". He also stated that “it was a great mistake of the dictatorship that it only tortured people. Not killed. ”The FAZ pointed out that with this“ remarkable sentence ”the facts alone were not correct, as people were very well tortured to death.

During his vote for the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff , Bolsonaro paid homage to Colonel Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra , head of the notorious DOI-CODI torture center during the Brazilian military dictatorship. Rousseff had been tortured. Jean Wyllys , a member of the left-wing Partido Socialismo e Liberdade , spat at him. In 2020, he again made fun of Rousseff for the severe torture she had to endure during her three-year imprisonment, and demanded that she show an X-ray of her jaw, which was broken during her torture.

Environmental and climate protection

Bolsonaro denies man-made climate change . In his campaign Bolsonaro announced his choice for a possible withdrawal of his country from 2015 by all states of the world in Paris from World Climate Summit adopted global climate agreement to.

Bolsonaro with Donald Trump in Washington, DC in Spring 2019

Domestically, he announced, among other things, a crackdown on protectors of the Amazon rainforest and indigenous peoples as well as the restriction of corresponding activities by international organizations. A kind of free space should be created here in which state security forces could legally fight local protests with armed violence and thus contribute to an "orderly" Brazil. In addition, he planned to allow mining activities in nature reserves as well as mining, power generation and other economic activities in settlement areas of indigenous ethnic groups. During his presidency, he fired environmental protection officials after they fined them for illegal fishing in Brazil.

Bolsonaro among representatives of indigenous people in the Palácio do Planalto .

According to a report by the Brazilian Institute for Space Research INPE , the clearing of rainforests within Brazil more than doubled under his presidency. Bolsonaro described the agency's publication as a lie. Its head, physicist and engineer Ricardo Galvão , was dismissed by Bolsonaro after he accused him of wanting to harm Brazil.

According to Thomas Hickler from the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center , the fires observed in the Amazon in 2019 can not be explained by the weather or the climate alone; the deforestation promoted by Bolsonaro plays an essential role. From January 2019 to around the end of August 2019, the number of fires and slash-and-burns in Brazil was more than 80,000 fires, according to INPE, 78% more than in the same period of the previous year. At the end of August 2019, Bolsonaro rejected the G7 countries pledged financial aid of USD 20 million to fight the forest fires. It was later said that Bolsonaro viewed the offer of aid as a question of the sovereignty of the state. In response to the forest fires, the government announced its intention to ban slash and burn operations in the dry season and only allow exceptions for the indigenous communities. In addition, the Latin American countries would themselves discuss protection and development measures for the Amazon region in a conference on September 6th.

In April 2021, the day after he had promised at an international climate summit convened by US President Joe Biden to double spending on environmental protection and to stop illegal clearing of the Amazon rainforest by 2030 , Bolsonaro cut the budget of the Environment Department by a quarter. He also vetoed spending aimed at actually enforcing environmental protection regulations. The environmental authorities had already been severely restricted in their actions due to years of savings.

Private Gun Possession and Consequences of Liberal Gun Policy

His main campaign promise was that every Brazilian could carry a weapon to defend himself. In May 2019, he liberalized the Arms Act for private individuals and the import rules for foreign arms manufacturers. As a result, both the number of arms sales and the number of deaths from armed violence rose sharply in the following year compared to 2019.

Marielle Franco murder case

In October 2019, the television channel TV Globo revealed that one of the alleged contract killers in the murder case of the left, black, lesbian city councilor Marielle Franco , who grew up in a favela , drove past an accomplice in the guarded residential complex where Bolsonaro also lives to pick up. The suspect had called the Bolsonaros house directly and the porter had been authorized by a man who pretended to be "Mr. Jair". This would prove for the first time a direct connection between the president and the murderers. Immediately before her murder, Marielle Franco accused the police of acting like contract killers in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, which is why immediately after her murder, suspicions circulated in the direction of the police and the military, but also in the direction of right-wing networks. It had been known since the beginning of the year that Bolsonaro and the alleged contract killer lived on the same street, only 50 meters apart.

The militia officer Adriano da Nóbrega , wanted by the police , was suspected of complicity. Adriano da Nóbrega was murdered on February 9, 2020 during a police action in the state of Bahia .

On October 29, 2019, Bolsonaro published a 24-minute video monologue in which he was visibly upset and angry. In addition to general insults and insults, he accused the governor of Rio de Janeiro, Wilson Witzel , who was actually counted among his closest political allies, of wanting to get him out of the way for political reasons. He cursed journalists, who, according to Bolsonaro, lacked patriotism, with a multitude of filthy swearwords. Bolsonaro threatened not to extend Rede Globo's broadcast license in 2022 - Globo is not only the most important television network in Brazil, but all of Latin America. The Financial Times , believed to be prudent, asked if Bolsonaro was possibly insane. The Brazilian portal Aos Fatos headed the analysis of the video monologue: "In the live broadcast, Bolsonaro distorts information by attacking Witzel and Globo" ("Em transmissão ao vivo, Bolsonaro distorce informações ao atacar Witzel e Globo".)

Anti-Crime Act

In December 2019, he signed a law that gives the police and the judiciary additional powers. The law aims to facilitate the conviction of offenders and to combat organized crime . Promoting the future law was a central part of Bolsonaro's campaign for president.

Relationship to Christian Fundamentalism

Bolsonaro is religiously close to the Pentecostal churches and politically to the Dominionists . Extremist parties like Patriota and the sect leader and gray eminence of the Partido Republicano Brasileiro , Edir Macedo , have called for the establishment of a Christian state of God (“Teocracia”) and support the Bolsonaro government.

Bolsonaro commented on a Christian state in 2017: “God above all. There is no such thing as a secular state. The state is Christian and any minority who oppose it must change that while they still can ”. During the presidential election, however, he put his position into perspective: We will make government for everyone, regardless of religion, even for atheists. We have 5 percent atheists in Brazil and they have the same needs as others.

Sebastian Grundberger, head of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung's office in Peru, sees Bolsonaro's support from evangelicals more as a kind of alliance of purpose and assumes that they could withdraw support from Bolsonaro if he did not act in their favor.

Allegations of corruption and influencing criminal investigations

When Bolsonaro fired the chief of the Brazilian federal police in April 2020, Sérgio Moro resigned as Brazilian justice minister that same month on the grounds that Bolsonaro had dismissed the chief of police because he (Bolsonaro) and individual members of his family were being investigated. The Brazilian Supreme Court then approved an investigation by the Attorney General to investigate the matter. When Bolsonaro, with Alexandre Ramagem, proposed a new chief for the federal police shortly afterwards , the Brazilian Supreme Court suspended the nomination and announced its own investigation to check whether the nomination was in accordance with the Brazilian constitution and legal, moral, and not personal interests conform to guided principles. Investigations into corruption and money laundering had been launched against several of Bolsonaro's sons .

In May 2020, a Supreme Court judge granted Moro's motion to publicly broadcast a video of the cabinet meeting as evidence of Bolsonaro's influence over the federal police. Because of the many swear words and insults Bolsonaro used in that session, news anchors warned their audiences about the broadcast. Among other things, Bolsonaro alleged that his family was not being adequately protected and that he was not receiving enough information from the police. If that is not resolved, he will replace everyone, including the Justice Minister. He also said he would "not wait for my family to be fucked".

In 2020, Bolsonaro was named "Person of the Year" by the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project journalists ' association. This negative award is given to those who “have done the most worldwide to promote organized crime and corruption”. The reason for the award as the most corrupt person of the year is that Bolsonaro, who was still campaigning against corruption when he was elected, surrounds himself with corrupt people as well as wrongly accusing others of corruption.

COVID-19 policy

The COVID-19 pandemic referred Bolsonaro as a conspiracy that "and it Donald Trump harm" should. He described global containment measures as “ extremism ” and repeatedly referred to the virus itself as “ hysteria ” and “fantasy” as well as “minor flu”. He also spread the conspiracy myth that the virus was released by foreign states in order to weaken the world economy. He rejects strict containment measures against the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil , instead he started a campaign “Brazil must not stand still”, in which he recommended that the population violate the exit restrictions against the advice of the health authorities. A court then ruled that he should stop the campaign. In addition, the court forced the government to officially declare within 24 hours that the campaign did not meet scientific criteria and prohibited it from disseminating scientifically unsound information or using it for agitative purposes. In addition, Twitter deleted two tweets in which Bolsonaro had questioned the sense of isolation measures, as they would have contradicted the statements of the health authorities and could promote the spread of the virus. Another court ruled ineffective a decree issued by Bolsonaro, which allowed churches to open despite exit restrictions.

Contrary to the advice of his doctors and the order of local security authorities, Bolsonaro took part in major events of his supporters on March 15, 2020, at which, among other things, the military was called on to remove the constitutional order of Brazil.

After a dispute with Health Minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta at the beginning of April about easing the going-out restrictions , in which even close allies and high military officials refused to follow Bolsonaro, he is considered isolated in the cabinet, according to information from the Japan Times . In the middle of the first weeks of the pandemic, Bolsonaro dismissed Minister Mandetta on April 16, 2020 due to the differences of opinion, whose poll values ​​were around 76% approval for his corona measures, compared to around 33% for the Bolsonaros. He appointed the politically inexperienced oncologist Nelson Teich as Minister of Health, who is more likely to represent his positions. In his address at the Planalto Palace , Teich emphasized "that there is 'complete agreement' between him, Bolsonaro and 'the entire ministry group'."

A few days later, Bolsonaro took part in a demonstration in front of the army headquarters demanding military intervention in Brazilian politics, the end of all isolation measures against the virus and the resignation of parliamentary president Rodrigo Maia . There he declared: “The old policy has had its day. We don't want to negotiate, we want action! ”The appearance caused great outrage among the population. Maia then accused him of “putsch rhetoric”, and leading military officials were also irritated by Bolsonaro.

In mid-May, the newly appointed Minister of Health Teich resigned after just 27 days in office. Teich did not give an official reason, but the doctor Teich had previously refused to follow Bolsonaro's instructions to give COVID-19 infected people the malaria drug chloroquine, which had not been tested for this use . At the time, Brazil had more than 230,000 confirmed infected people and over 15,000 deaths; Numbers that are clearly too low, as there is much less testing in Brazil than in many other countries.

In June 2020, a court ordered that the mask opponent Bolsonaro always had to wear a face mask in public, as required by law in the capital. Bolsonaro appealed against this.

On July 7, 2020, Bolsonaro announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19. Previously, he had suffered from "tiredness, malaise and a fever of 38 degrees". A few months earlier, in March 2020, there had been rumors that he had become infected. Another four ministers from the Bolsonaro cabinet tested positive for COVID-19 a few days later: Augusto Heleno , Head of the Cabinet for Institutional Security, Bento Albuquerque , Minister for Energy, Onyx Lorenzoni , Minister for Social Affairs, and Milton Ribeiro , Minister for Education.

In December 2020, Bolsonaro made fun of the vaccination against the coronavirus, emphasized possible side effects of the vaccinations and publicly stated that he would not be vaccinated. Among other things, when it came to vaccinations, he claimed that the “worst” thing would be to interfere with a person's immune system , and scoffed: “If you become a caiman , it's your problem.” At the time, there were more than seven in Brazil Millions of detected COVID-19 infections, around 185,000 people had died in connection with the virus.

Bolsonaro has come under increasing criticism for his government's handling of the pandemic. At the end of January 2021, thousands of people demonstrated against the president for two days in a row, demanding his impeachment. Conservative circles that had originally supported Bolsonaro called for the protests on the first day. The following day, the calls for demonstrations came from groups on the left.

In April 2021, a Supreme Court judge ordered the establishment of a committee of inquiry in the Brazilian Federal Senate to deal with "possible failures" of Bolsonaro's corona policy. At that time, around 350,000 people had died of the virus in Brazil, and 13.2 million had been infected. The committee, which began its work at the end of the same month, is supposed to provide answers, among other things, why the government was relying on the use of ineffective drugs, why three health ministers were dismissed and how it was possible that the health system in Amazonia collapsed in January 2021 the oxygen supply collapsed. There, among other things, Health Minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta, who resigned in April 2020 because of Bolsonaro's handling of the pandemic, testified and stated that Bolsonaro had repeatedly ignored warnings of a collapse of the health system. He and others had "expressly recommended that Bolsonaro change his stance".

Reports to the International Criminal Court

In late 2020, the International Criminal Court officially opened an investigation into crimes against humanity against Bolsonaro. Previously, human rights organizations had reported Bolsonaro for generalized and systematic violations of the human rights of indigenous people and calls for genocide , justifying this with the fact that he was destroying the habitat of the indigenous population, the Amazon rainforest, with the aim of economic exploitation. In addition, he did not fight the fires there, but played it down. Another lawsuit has been filed in the criminal court by unions accusing Bolsonaro of human rights crimes in the corona pandemic. By failing to take protective measures for the population, he is jointly responsible for tens of thousands of deaths.

Attacks on the Brazilian electoral system

Bolsonaro repeatedly attacked the Brazilian electoral system and declared without evidence that it was a source of election fraud . In August 2021, the Brazilian electoral court began investigating Bolsonaro on suspicion that he was abusing his “economic and political power” to question the legitimacy of the next presidential election. In addition, the Supreme Court of Brazil initiated an investigation into fake news spread by Bolsonaro . Bolsonaro had previously claimed that there had been manipulations in the previous presidential elections, without which he would have won the first ballot in 2018. Analysts interpret Bolsonaro's attacks on the electoral system as a reaction to his poor poll results and as preparation to be able to contest the validity of the election with fraud allegations after a possible election defeat, as did Donald Trump after his defeat in the 2020 presidential election in the United States had done.

Evaluation of Bolsonaro's presidency

The first few months of Bolsonaro's presidency were largely described negatively in most of the major German media. According to Arvid Kaiser ( Manager Magazin ) and Ivo Marusczyk ( Deutschlandfunk Nova ), there is no progress on an urgently needed pension reform. In addition, the liberalization of the gun laws as a (supposed) answer to the high level of violent crime in Brazil and the privatization of state-owned companies were criticized. The main point of public criticism, however, is environmental policy.

Jan Woischnik from the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) came to a different interim conclusion in April 2019. He praised Bolsonaro's cabinet formation and "contrary to all [sic!] Fears [...] the institutions of the fourth largest democracy in the world [...]" in good condition. ”Just as little was“ a (military) dictatorship […] established as a fascist regime. ”Furthermore,“ the freedom of the press and freedom of expression is still fully in place in Brazil. ”He also reported : "Civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations can carry out their work as usual and without hindrance from the state." At the same time, he also criticizes the liberalization of the gun laws, the "zigzag course" in foreign policy and environmental policy.

Sérgio Costa , Professor of Sociology of Latin America at the Free University of Berlin, ruled in April 2020 that Bolsonaro's first year in office was “politically of the same strategy that helped him to vote: a permanent friend-foe policy that neither solves problems nor There was a promise for the future. "The measures taken by his cabinet had always indicated a clear course:" Without exception, they aimed at restricting the rights of workers and minorities and at making state resources and common goods such as environmental resources available for the major economic players. " unconditional supporters "into an" effective maneuvering mass that can be used by the president - who they call a 'myth' - to blackmail and intimidate the other state authorities and critics. "With the Corona crisis, at If the Bolsonaro relied on similar tactics and denied the severity of the problem, this was it Political style has become a debacle.

The Tagesschau summed up a terrible record after 1.5 years in office and addressed the arrest of Fabrício Queiroz. He is considered a "man for the rough" (liaison to right-wing militias, straw man for corruption and other illegal acts, contact man to contract killers) for Bolsonaro and his family. An April 2021 editorial in The Guardian called him “a threat to Brazil and the world”. This was justified with both his character and his political decisions; before that, he had not least let the Covid-19 pandemic and the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest run wild.

See also

literature

  • Ursula Prutsch : Populism in the USA and Latin America. VSA-Verlag, Hamburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-96488-001-7 , pp. 122-136 (= Part 3 Latin America, Chapter 2: Authoritarian right-wing populism in Brazil: Getúlio Vargas, Jair Bolsonaro ).

Web links

Commons : Jair Bolsonaro  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thiago Nolasco: Bolsonaro anuncia saída do PSL e criança do Aliança pelo Brasil. R7, November 12, 2019, accessed January 15, 2020 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  2. ^ "Brazil above everything" Right-wing Bolsonaro comes to power , by Roland Peters, Rio de Janeiro, N-tv October 29, 2018
  3. ↑ Justice A right-wing extremist becomes Brazil's President - for Deutsche Bank he is the "preferred candidate" , Alex Baur Bento October 29, 2018
  4. ↑ Bolsonaro's possible super minister The Man Who Manages Brazil's Shift to the Right , Der Spiegel October 29, 2018
  5. ↑ Brazil The right-wing radical Jair Bolsonaro becomes president , by Ivo Marusczyk, Deutschlandfunk October 29, 2018
  6. ↑ Brazil under Bolsonaro Economically threatening a rude awakening , by Brigitte Scholtes, Deutschlandfunk October 29, 2018
  7. ↑ Right-wing radical Jair Bolsonaro polarized , Die Zeit October 30, 2018
  8. ^ Government in Brazil Bolsonaro brings star judges into the cabinet , Tagesschau October 30, 2018
  9. ↑ First interview after the Brazil election Bolsonaro wants to make star judge justice minister - and arm the citizens , Der Spiegel October 30, 2018
  10. ↑ Jair Bolsonaro's campaign against science. Numbers war over the Amazon . In: Spiegel Online , September 29, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  11. ^ Francisco Ortega, Michael Orsini: Governing COVID-19 without government in Brazil: Ignorance, neoliberal authoritarianism, and the collapse of public health leadership . In: Global Public Health . 2020, doi : 10.1080 / 17441692.2020.1795223 .
  12. ↑ New President of Brazil “Under Bolsonaro the military will gain influence” Peter Weiß in conversation with Christiane Kaess, Deutschlandfunk October 29, 2018
  13. ↑ Brazil: A Threat to Freedom , An Analysis by Alexandra Endres, Die Zeit October 29, 2018
  14. ↑ Lucas Ferraz: Eleições 2018: berço do clã Bolsonaro, região do norte da Itália se agita com disputa no Brasil. BBC, October 25, 2018, accessed October 29, 2018 (Portuguese).
  15. ↑ Daniel Taddone: Taddone revela genealogia de Bolsonaro: 13 dos 16 trisavôs do candidato são italianos as Toscana, Veneto e do because Calábria. In: Revista Insieme. October 23, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2018 (Portuguese).
  16. ↑ Liana Costa: Esposa de Bolsonaro, ceilandense pode ser primeira-dama do Brasil. Metrópoles, February 13, 2018, accessed October 29, 2018 (Portuguese).
  17. ↑ Luís Edmundo Araújo: Tal pai, valley filho. ISTOÉ Gente online, accessed October 29, 2018 (Portuguese).
  18. ↑ Chayenne Polimédio: The Rise of the Brazilian Evangelicals. In: The Atlantic (online), January 24, 2018.
  19. ↑ Bernardo Caram, Talita Fernandes: Radicalismo de Bolsonaro afasta parte dos evangélicos, afirmam líderes. In: Folha de S. Paulo (online), August 7, 2018.
  20. ↑ Sandra Weiss: Where is the right-wing populist Jair Bolsonaro taking Brazil? In: Augsburger Allgemeine (online), October 29, 2018.
  21. ↑ https://www.universal.org/noticias/post/bispo-edir-macedo-apresenta-a-vida-de-jair-bolsonaro-a-deus/
  22. ↑ SAPO: Jair Bolsonaro foi ungido por Edir Macedo na Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus? . In: Polígrafo .
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  27. Jump to the right in Brazil With God in the Presidential Palace , with Ivo Maruscyzk, Karl-Ludolf Huebener, Itamar Silva and Ellen Häring, Deutschlandfunk Kultur Weltzeit / Archive | Posted on October 29, 2018
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predecessor government office successor
Michel Temer President of Brazil
2019–
personal data
SURNAME Bolsonaro, Jair
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bolsonaro, Jair Messias (full name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION Brazilian politician
BIRTH DATE March 21, 1955
PLACE OF BIRTH Glicério , São Paulo