Eurico Gaspar Dutra
Eurico Gaspar Dutra (born May 18, 1883 in Cuiabá , Mato Grosso ; † June 11, 1974 in Rio de Janeiro , Guanabara ) was a Brazilian marshal and politician of the social democratic party PSD ( Partido Social Democrático ) , which between 1946 and 1951 Was President of Brazil .
Life
Military career, general and minister of war
Dutra completed an officer training in the army ( Exército Brasileiro ) of the armed forces (Forças Armadas do Brasil) and found various uses as an officer and staff officer after his promotion to lieutenant in 1910. He supported the respective governments against all revolutionary movements. After his promotion to lieutenant colonel on May 16, 1929, he became commander of the 15th Independent Cavalry Regiment on June 2, 1929, and remained at this post until December 11, 1930. He was initially in opposition to Getúlio Vargas , who had taken power in a coup on November 3, 1930 and deposed President Júlio Prestes , who was elected on March 1, 1930 . He was promoted to colonel on December 17, 1931 and was commander of the 4th Cavalry Regiment between February 12 and August 18, 1932, and defended the Vargas government in a revolt in São Paulo in 1932. On September 22, 1932, he was promoted to Promoted to brigadier general as commander of the 1st Brigade in 1935, put down a communist revolt in Rio de Janeiro . After his promotion to major general on May 9, 1935, he succeeded Brigadier General Álvaro Guilherme Mariante from May 13, 1935 until his replacement by Major General Waldomiro Castilho de Lima on December 8, 1936, commander of the 1st military region (1st Região Militar ) .
On January 31, 1936, President Vargas Dutra appointed Minister of War (Ministro da Guerra) in his cabinet and succeeded João Gomes Ribeiro Filho . In this function he had significant influence in the drafting of the constitution of 1937. On August 3, 1945 he was dismissed by Dutra as Minister of War and replaced by Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro .
President of Brazil
In October 1945 he forced the de facto dictatorial President Getúlio Dornelles Vargas to resign after fears arose that, contrary to his announcements, he would still go to the presidential election in 1945 after 15 years in office in which he was never elected and only legitimized by the military put. Dutra then ran for the presidential election in December 1946 and was elected President of Brazil with the support of the social democratic party PSD ( Partido Social Democrático ) . He was also supported by the farm workers and, through the intermediary of Vargas, by the PTB ( Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro ) workers' party founded by his supporters on May 15, 1945 . As president, the conservative Dutra banned the Communist Party PCB ( Partido Comunista Brasileiro ) in 1947 and broke off diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union . At the same time he improved relations with the USA through the Organization of American States (OAS). However, the economic situation worsened, so that Vargas won the presidential elections in 1950 and on January 31, 1951, succeeded Dutras as president again.
On December 5, 1952, Dutra formally retired from active military service and received the rank of Marshal (Marechal do Exército Brasileiro) . He supported General Humberto Castelo Branco's military coup in 1964 . The motorway between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (BR-116 / SP-60) was named after him.
Web links
- Entry in Generals.dk
- Short biography in rulers.org
- Newspaper article about Eurico Gaspar Dutra in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| José Linhares |
President of Brazil 1946–1951 |
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gaspar Dutra, Eurico |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Brazilian President |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 18, 1883 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Cuiabá , Mato Grosso |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 11, 1974 |
| Place of death | Rio de Janeiro , Guanabara |