Scouting and Guiding in mainland China: Difference between revisions
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Scouting existed in mainland China before 1949 under the [[Republic of China]] (ROC). In 1949, the ROC government withdrew to [[Taiwan]], where it remains today, and Scouting has continued in Taiwan under the name [[Scouts of China]]. |
Scouting existed in mainland China before 1949 under the [[Republic of China]] (ROC). In 1949, the ROC government withdrew to [[Taiwan]], where it remains today, and Scouting has continued in Taiwan under the name [[Scouts of China]]. |
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In |
In 2004, the '''Scout Club of Hainan''' (海南童子军俱乐部), borrowing heavily from Scouting in terms of emblems, uniforms and activities, was founded in [[Hainan|Hainan Province]]; it is, however, not affiliated with worldwide Scouting. An attempt to organize a nationwide Scouting organization in [[Wuhan]] was ended by the government in 2004.<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2004-08/a-2004-08-03-5-1.cfm 武汉童子军被取缔 创办者坚持再申请(04年8月3日) - 2004-08-03<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Scouting in Russia|Russian Scouts]] fleeing [[bolshevism]] followed [[White Emigre|White Russian émigrés]] from 1917 to 1922 through [[Vladivostok]] to the east into [[Manchuria]] and south into central China, where very large groups of thousands of Russian Scouts came into being in cities such as [[Harbin]], [[Tientsin]] and [[Shanghai]]. |
[[Scouting in Russia|Russian Scouts]] fleeing [[bolshevism]] followed [[White Emigre|White Russian émigrés]] from 1917 to 1922 through [[Vladivostok]] to the east into [[Manchuria]] and south into central China, where very large groups of thousands of Russian Scouts came into being in cities such as [[Harbin]], [[Tientsin]] and [[Shanghai]]. |
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The [[Scouts of China|General Association of the Scouts of China]] was formally established in [[Nanking]] in |
The [[Scouts of China|General Association of the Scouts of China]] was formally established in [[Nanking]] in 1934, and became a member of the [[World Organization of the Scout Movement|International Scout Bureau]] in 1937. Many Scouts actively participated in the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] from 1937 to 1945. |
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In |
In 1939 the United Rovers were founded by the Austrian [[Scouter]] Fredy Mittler in [[Shanghai]]. This group consisted of [[Austrians|Austrian]] and [[Germans|German]] [[émigrés]]. It was affiliated to the [[The Scout Association|The Boy Scout Association]]. At the end of [[World War II]] there were 120 members.<ref>{{cite book|title= Logbuch der Pfadfinderverbände in Österreich | pages = 143|language = German |
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|year =2004|author= Kurt Pribich| publisher = Pfadfinder-Gilde Österreichs| location = Vienna}}</ref> |
|year =2004|author= Kurt Pribich| publisher = Pfadfinder-Gilde Österreichs| location = Vienna}}</ref> |
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Registered membership reached 570,000 in |
Registered membership reached 570,000 in 1941. However, all Scouting activities were interrupted in 1949, when the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese communists]] took over [[mainland China]]. The Chinese Scout Association was reorganized in 1950 after the ROC government was relocated to Taipei, and resumed the membership of International Scout Bureau as [[Scouts of China]]. |
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== Recent developments == |
== Recent developments == |
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Since the transfer of the sovereignty of [[Hong Kong]] to PRC in |
Since the transfer of the sovereignty of [[Hong Kong]] to PRC in 1997, [[The Scout Association of Hong Kong]] (SAHK) has been being actively organising exchange programmes in mainland China.<ref>http://www.apr.scout.or.jp/publications/inbox%20Dec%2002.htm accessed on June 12, 2006</ref> In 2004, the SAHK, the [[Shenzhen]] Youth Federation and the Working Committee of [[Young Pioneers of China|Young Pioneers]] in Shenzhen organized the first joint camp with 490 Hong Kong and 360 Shenzhen participants. The SAHK held five regional camps in mainland China in 2005: in [[Xinjiang]], [[Gansu]], [[Qinghai]], [[Jilin]] and [[Inner Mongolia]].<ref>http://www.scout.org.hk/en/history/hohks/00002513.html accessed on June 12, 2006</ref> All mainland China activities of the SAHK are coordinated via its "International and Liaison Branch". |
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The [[Hong Kong Girl Guides Association]] has also established partnerships with youth and women organizations in mainland China.<ref>http://www.wagggsworld.org/en/about/chiefexecutive accessed on June 12, 2006</ref> |
The [[Hong Kong Girl Guides Association]] has also established partnerships with youth and women organizations in mainland China.<ref>http://www.wagggsworld.org/en/about/chiefexecutive accessed on June 12, 2006</ref> |
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A first local Scout organization emerged in the [[Tianjin|Tianjin municipality]] in 1997 mainly aimed at disadvantaged children. It was still active in January 2004 with 40 local groups and more than 4,000 members of both genders, but its actual status is unknown.<ref>http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/85680.htm accessed on June 12, 2006</ref> |
A first local Scout organization emerged in the [[Tianjin|Tianjin municipality]] in 1997 mainly aimed at disadvantaged children. It was still active in January 2004 with 40 local groups and more than 4,000 members of both genders, but its actual status is unknown.<ref>http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/85680.htm accessed on June 12, 2006</ref> |
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An attempt to start a nationwide Scouting organization in [[Wuhan]] was curtailed by the government in mid- |
An attempt to start a nationwide Scouting organization in [[Wuhan]] was curtailed by the government in mid-2004.<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2004-08/a-2004-08-03-5-1.cfm 武汉童子军被取缔 创办者坚持再申请(04年8月3日) - 2004-08-03<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The website of the incipient organization continues to exist<ref>{{zh icon}} [http://www.chinascout.org 搜游网 - -中国童军公益网、中国探险旅游户外休闲拓展童军运动网络家园!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> as an active community of people interested in the subject, but the organization has not been restarted. |
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[[Image:Scouting-PRC-hainan.jpg|thumb|140px|Emblem of the Scout Club of Hainan]] |
[[Image:Scouting-PRC-hainan.jpg|thumb|140px|Emblem of the Scout Club of Hainan]] |
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Revision as of 02:43, 6 October 2008
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) by the Communist Party in 1949, Scouting has officially been banned[citation needed], while the Young Pioneers of China and the Communist Youth League have become the dominant youth organization in mainland China for younger and older youth, respectively. Currently in mainland China, Scouting is found only in some international schools.
Scouting is active in both Hong Kong and Macau, special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, whose legal systems are separate from that of the rest of the PRC.
Scouting existed in mainland China before 1949 under the Republic of China (ROC). In 1949, the ROC government withdrew to Taiwan, where it remains today, and Scouting has continued in Taiwan under the name Scouts of China.
In 2004, the Scout Club of Hainan (海南童子军俱乐部), borrowing heavily from Scouting in terms of emblems, uniforms and activities, was founded in Hainan Province; it is, however, not affiliated with worldwide Scouting. An attempt to organize a nationwide Scouting organization in Wuhan was ended by the government in 2004.[1]
History
Following the birth of the Republic of China, the first Scout troop was organized by Reverend Yen Chia-lin in Wuchang on February 25, 1912 and the Scouting movement spread rapidly all over the country.
Russian Scouts fleeing bolshevism followed White Russian émigrés from 1917 to 1922 through Vladivostok to the east into Manchuria and south into central China, where very large groups of thousands of Russian Scouts came into being in cities such as Harbin, Tientsin and Shanghai.
The General Association of the Scouts of China was formally established in Nanking in 1934, and became a member of the International Scout Bureau in 1937. Many Scouts actively participated in the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945.
In 1939 the United Rovers were founded by the Austrian Scouter Fredy Mittler in Shanghai. This group consisted of Austrian and German émigrés. It was affiliated to the The Boy Scout Association. At the end of World War II there were 120 members.[2]
Registered membership reached 570,000 in 1941. However, all Scouting activities were interrupted in 1949, when the Chinese communists took over mainland China. The Chinese Scout Association was reorganized in 1950 after the ROC government was relocated to Taipei, and resumed the membership of International Scout Bureau as Scouts of China.
Recent developments
Since the transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong to PRC in 1997, The Scout Association of Hong Kong (SAHK) has been being actively organising exchange programmes in mainland China.[3] In 2004, the SAHK, the Shenzhen Youth Federation and the Working Committee of Young Pioneers in Shenzhen organized the first joint camp with 490 Hong Kong and 360 Shenzhen participants. The SAHK held five regional camps in mainland China in 2005: in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Jilin and Inner Mongolia.[4] All mainland China activities of the SAHK are coordinated via its "International and Liaison Branch".
The Hong Kong Girl Guides Association has also established partnerships with youth and women organizations in mainland China.[5]
A first local Scout organization emerged in the Tianjin municipality in 1997 mainly aimed at disadvantaged children. It was still active in January 2004 with 40 local groups and more than 4,000 members of both genders, but its actual status is unknown.[6]
An attempt to start a nationwide Scouting organization in Wuhan was curtailed by the government in mid-2004.[7] The website of the incipient organization continues to exist[8] as an active community of people interested in the subject, but the organization has not been restarted.
Also in mid-2004, the Scout Club of Hainan was started in Hainan province. It borrows heavily from international Scouting in terms of its emblem, ideals, uniforms, and activities, and has organized frequent outdoor camps since its founding. It is, however, not affiliated with international Scouting.
There is also the Shanghai Scout Club founded in Shanghai in December 2006.[9] This group participated in JOTI 2007.[10] It also borrows heavily from international Scouting in terms of its emblem, ideals, uniforms, and activities. This group was mentioned as a Radio Scout group in the Austrian Scout magazine Telescout-News in December 2007.[11]
Hong Kong and Macau
Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, i.e. with legal systems separate from that of mainland China (i.e. the rest of the country). The two territories were European possessions until 1997 and 1999 respectively. Scouting has continued after the transfers of sovereignty. In Hong Kong, The Scout Association of Hong Kong has 99,591 Scouts, and The Hong Kong Girl Guides Association has 40,576 Guides. In Macau Scouting is organised by the Associação de Escoteiros de Macau, a WOSM associate member.
International Scouting units in mainland China
In addition, British Scouts have units of The Scout Association in various cities including Nanjing. USA Girl Scouts Overseas in the People's Republic of China are serviced by way of USAGSO headquarters in New York, with troops in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, Shekou, Tianjin and Zhuhai. Also, there are both American Cub Scout packs and Boy Scout troops in Beijing and Shanghai, as well as Lone Scouts in Xiamen (Amoy) and possibly other locations, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world.
Chinese Scouting ideals
The Scout Motto in Chinese is 準備, translating as Be Prepared (pronunciation may vary by spoken variant). The Scout Motto in Uyghur is Tayyar Bol, translating as Be Prepared.
See also
References and notes
- ^ 武汉童子军被取缔 创办者坚持再申请(04年8月3日) - 2004-08-03
- ^ Kurt Pribich (2004). Logbuch der Pfadfinderverbände in Österreich (in German). Vienna: Pfadfinder-Gilde Österreichs. p. 143.
- ^ http://www.apr.scout.or.jp/publications/inbox%20Dec%2002.htm accessed on June 12, 2006
- ^ http://www.scout.org.hk/en/history/hohks/00002513.html accessed on June 12, 2006
- ^ http://www.wagggsworld.org/en/about/chiefexecutive accessed on June 12, 2006
- ^ http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/85680.htm accessed on June 12, 2006
- ^ 武汉童子军被取缔 创办者坚持再申请(04年8月3日) - 2004-08-03
- ^ Template:Zh icon 搜游网 - -中国童军公益网、中国探险旅游户外休闲拓展童军运动网络家园!
- ^ http://shanghaiscoutclub.clubspaces.com/Default_css.aspx accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ https://www.jotajoti.org/weblog/view.php?orderby=&ordersort=&group=50&sa accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ Ernst Tomaschek (December 2007). Telescout-News 15 "Die Pfadfinderfunker in Shanghai". Telescout-News (in German). 15. Vienna: Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs: 1.
{{cite journal}}: Check|url=value (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)