Public building
As a public building ( English public building ) refers to buildings that the public and therefore it is available to everyone.
General
After use already differed Leon Battista Alberti in buildings public buildings , civil buildings ( private buildings ; residential and commercial property ) and religious buildings . The landlord of a public building usually exercises his domiciliary rights extensively and allows anyone to enter the building. However, through access controls , he reserves the right to selectively exclude certain people from access - in the worst case - by being banned from entering the premises. Conversely, in the case of all non-public buildings, especially residential buildings , the owner or the respective authorized user has the right to deny access to anyone ( right of ownership ; § 903 BGB ).
Public buildings in regulations
DIN 18040-1 remains very abstract in the description of public buildings, referring to publicly accessible buildings “in particular cultural and educational facilities, sports and leisure facilities, health care facilities, office, administration and court buildings, shops and restaurants , Parking spaces, garages and toilet facilities ”counts. The model building regulations (MBO) also remain in their list of the publicly accessible buildings with "cultural and educational facilities, sports and leisure facilities, health care facilities, office, administrative and court buildings, shops and restaurants, parking spaces, garages and toilets “(Section 50 (2) MBO) similarly superficial.
On the other hand, Section 2 (2) No. 5 EEWärmeG is more concrete , according to which public buildings are all “non-residential buildings owned by the public sector that are used for legislative , executive , judicial or public purposes. Buildings owned by public companies are excluded if they provide services in free competition with private companies , in particular public companies for the supply of food and beverages, for the production, storage and sale of goods, companies in agriculture, forestry or horticulture and companies for the supply of energy or water. Even the building armed forces that serve the storage of military or civilian goods are excluded. Mixed-use buildings are public buildings if they are mainly used for tasks or facilities in accordance with this stipulation ”.
species
Depending on the purpose, a distinction is made in particular:
- Social life : day care centers , schools , town halls , public administration buildings , parliaments , service buildings , government buildings ;
- Health and welfare : hospitals , homes ( children's homes , nursing homes , old people's homes ), correctional facilities ;
- Culture : event buildings , libraries , museums , concert halls , opera houses , theaters ;
- Transport : parking garages , train stations , airports , ports ;
- Economy and leisure : exhibition halls , market halls , sports halls , swimming pools , stadiums , hotels ;
- Religion : churches , cemeteries , temples .
With these types, there can be an access that can be restricted by the host through access control .
Individual evidence
- ^ Léon Battista Alberti, Ten Books on Architecture , 1927, 7th to 9th book
