Olive pastures
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Narrow-leaved olive willow ( Elaeagnus angustifolia ) |
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The oleaginous ( Elaeagnus ) are a genus of plants with about 45-90 species within the family of the oleaginous plants (Elaeagnaceae).
Naming
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In the first part of the word, the generic name refers to the Greek word élaios for the olive tree and its fruit, the olive, because of the fleshy, edible stone fruit of the olive and in the second part of the word probably to the Latin word ágnos for lamb because of the white felted leaves. However, other sources lead the second part of the word back to the Greek gnos for knowledge or knowledge of God.
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description
Elaeagnus species are mostly frost-hardy and robust, evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees that usually grow independently upright or sometimes by climbing. Some species have thorns. The leaves, the bark of young twigs and the flower and flower buds have silvery or white to brown scales (pupils), similar to the related sea buckthorn . The alternate leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade usually has a smooth edge.
The flowers stand together individually or in groups in the leaf axils. The hermaphroditic flowers with a simple perimeter are usually four-fold, with no petals. The four white or inside yellow, petaloid sepals are fused with tubes at the base. The only four stamens are fused with the calyx tube. The ovary is medium constantly, the pen is straight, the scar is elongated to capitate.
Spherical to elongated, smooth to hairy drupes ( drupes ) are formed; rarely ( Elaeagnus mollis ) they are winged. The mostly eight-ribbed seed has a large embryo.
distribution
They have their distribution from the warm temperate latitudes to the subtropics of the northern hemisphere, with one species in Australia. A focus of biodiversity is Asia. About 67 species occur in China, 55 of them only there.
Systematics
The genus name Elaeagnus was listed by Carl von Linné in his 1753 work Species Plantarum , where the two species Elaeagnus angustifolia and Elaeagnus latifolia were named. A synonym is Oleaster Heister ex Fabricius . In the genus Elaeagnus , about 45 to 90 species are distinguished today. Many of the species can hardly be distinguished morphologically, which is why some species will be grouped together. Here is a list of the species and hybrid species mentioned at GRIN:
- Narrow-leaved olive willow ( Elaeagnus angustifolia L. )
- Elaeagnus caudata Bad. ex momiy.
- Silver olive willow ( Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. Ex Rydb. )
- Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. : It occurs in India, Bangladesh , Bhutan , Indonesia, Malaysia, Indochina and in China.
- Wintergreen olive willow ( Elaeagnus × ebbingei Boom ) = Elaeagnus macrophylla × Elaeagnus pungens
- Elaeagnus formosana Nakai
- Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. : It occurs in China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan.
- Elaeagnus grandifolia Hayata
- Elaeagnus infundibularis Momiy.
- Elaeagnus kanaii Momiy.
- Elaeagnus latifolia L .: It occurs in Indochina.
- Large-leaved olive willow ( Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. )
- Elaeagnus morrisonensis Hayata
- Rich- flowered olive willow , many-flowered olive willow ( Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. )
- Elaeagnus obovata Li
- Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim.
- Thorny olive willow ( Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. )
- Elaeagnus pyriformis Hook. f. : It occurs in India and Bhutan .
- Elaeagnus × reflexa C. Morren & Decne. = Elaeagnus pungens × Elaeagnus glabra
- Elaeagnus thunbergii Serv.
- Elaeagnus tricholepis Momiy.
- Elaeagnus triflora Roxb. : It occurs in Indonesia, Malaysia , the Philippines, Taiwan, Papua New Guinea and Queensland .
- Elaeagnus tutcheri Dunn : It occurs in Hong Kong .
- Coral willow , umbrella willow ( Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. , Incl. Elaeagnus parvifolia Wall. Ex Royle ): It occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China. In North America and Hawaii it is a neophyte.
swell
- Haining Qin & Michael G. Gilbert: Elaeagnaceae in the Flora of China , Vol. 13, p. 251: Elaeagnus - Online.
literature
- Kremer: shrub trees . Niedernhausen, 2002. ISBN 3-576-11478-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , pp. 223-224.
- ↑ List of species at GRIN
- ↑ a b c d e f g Elaeagnus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
