Coral olive willow
| Coral olive willow | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coral olive willow ( Elaeagnus umbellata ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Elaeagnus umbellata | ||||||||||||
| Thunb. |
The coral olive willow ( Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. ), Also doldige olive willow, autumn olive willow, umbrella olive willow, is a species of the genus of the olive willow ( Elaeagnus ) within the family of the olive plants (Elaeagnaceae).
description
The coral olive willow is a frost-hardy and robust, deciduous shrub up to 4 m high with often thorny branches. The leaves are silvery scaly on top, silvery-brown scaly underneath. The yellowish-white, fragrant flowers appear in May / June. The dark red-brown drupes are edible, juicy, sweet and sour, they ripen at the end of September and stick to the branches until November.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
distribution
The coral oil pasture has its natural occurrences in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang , Hubei , Gansu , Jiangsu , Liaoning , Shanxi , Shandong , Shaanxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and Xizang . In North America and Hawaii it is a neophyte. The coral oil willow came to Europe from Asia and is cultivated in Germany as a pioneer wood or ornamental and useful wood. The plant can be found in gardens and parks as well as on roadsides.
ecology
Similar to legumes (legumes) and other oleaginous plants, the coral oil willow is able, with the help of bacteria living in symbiosis ( Frankia alni ), to bind atmospheric nitrogen in nodule-like structures at the roots, convert it and make it available to the plants. Analogous to the mycorrhiza , this form of symbiosis is called actinorrhiza . The plant also thrives on nutrient-poor soils, is resistant to heat, drought and wind, and is therefore suitable as a pioneering wood for fortifying dunes and embankments. For example, the coral oil pasture was used in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s for the biological engineering of highways . However, just 20 years later it was officially classified as an " invasive species " because it had spread quickly and uncontrollably away from the planted areas.
Multiplication
Ripe seeds are sown in autumn. Propagation via cuttings, both semi-ripe and woody, can take place from late summer to late autumn, but requires a little patience, as the rooting takes a few months and you have to reckon with 2 to 3 years for planting.
Systematics
A distinction is made between the following varieties:
- Elaeagnus umbellata var. Parvifolia (Wall. Ex Royle) CK Schneid. (Syn .: Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. F. Parvifolia (Wall. Ex Royle) Kitam. )
- Elaeagnus umbellata var. Rotundifolia (Syn .: Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. F. Rotundifolia (Makino) Kitam. )
- Elaeagnus umbellata var. Umbellata
use
The fruits of the 'Serinus' variety contain 20 mg / 100 g vitamin C, up to 12% total sugar, 1.5% fruit acid. The juicy, sweet and sour stone fruits can be made into jam, jelly or compote, mixed with other fruits. Ripe fruits are tasty to eat fresh. The fruits can also be fermented into alcoholic beverages. The shrub makes no great demands on the soil and is suitable in the garden together with other wild fruit shrubs as hedge planting or solitary.
A similar variety is the 'Turdus', which was selected in Berlin and has been on the market since 1992.
swell
- Andreas Bärtels: Encyclopedia of the garden trees . Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, p. 262
- Bundessortenamt: Descriptive List of Varieties 1999 , ISSN 1430-9378 , pp. 54–58
- Jeanne Dericks-Tan, Gabriele Vollbrecht: On the trail of wild fruits in Europe , Abadi Verlag, Alzenau 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-021129-4 , p. 200
Individual evidence
- ↑ Elaeagnus umbellata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Elaeagnus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
- ^ Peter Del Tredici: The Flora of the Future . In: Places Journal . April 17, 2014, doi : 10.22269 / 140417 ( placesjournal.org [accessed May 20, 2020]).
- ^ The Royal Horticultural Society / Toogood, Alan (ed.): Handbuch der Pflanzenververmung , Stuttgart (Ulmer) 2000. ISBN 3-8001-6682-8