Štěpán z Pálče

Štěpán z Pálče (German Stephan von Palec , Latin Stephanus de Palecz ) (* around 1370 , † 1424 ) was a Bohemian theologian and rector at Charles University in Prague , as well as a leading representative of the Hussites .

Life

He was born in a small Bohemian village of Páleč, studied at the Charles University in Prague, where he passed his Bachelor's degree in 1386 and Master of Fine Arts in 1391 . From 1396 to 1399 he worked as a master's degree at the university, in 1399 he was appointed dean of the faculty and in 1400 he was rector of the university. In 1403 he took further examinations as a bachelor's degree in theology, in 1411 he finally became a master of theology and in 1412 dean of the theological faculty.

At the beginning of the 14th century he stood together with Stanislav ze Znojma , Matěj z Knína , Jan Hus and Hieronymus of Prague on the side of the advocates of the teachings of John Wyclif . Opponents at the time were the normalists Johannes Otto von Münsterberg , Jan Hubner and Jan Arsen z Langenfeldu . The debate culminated in the Kuttenberg decree in 1409 and the departure of foreign mainly German professors from the university. a. to Leipzig (see University of Leipzig ). As a result, it lost its previously strong position in Europe from which it never really recovered. After the Hussite Wars, for example, only representatives of the chalice (Hussites) were allowed to teach and study.

He preached with them at the Church of St. Havel in Prague, took part in the Hussite trip to Rome , in which they wanted to present their views to the Pope. However , he was captured in Bologna and only released after the intervention of Wenceslaus IV . For a while he still represented the values ​​of the Hussites, but then turned away from this doctrine in 1412. In 1413 he became a canon at Prague Castle .

In the period from 1414 to 1417 he took part in the council in Constance . Here he appeared as a committed opponent of Jan Hus and was instrumental in his conviction. He later turned back to the reformers. After the council in 1418 he accepted a position at the University of Cracow .

Works

He wrote several philosophical, sometimes polemical, writings. Some of these dealt with his teaching at the university, but mostly with questions of faith. These were initially reform-oriented, later colored against the reformers.

Fonts

• Tractatus gloriosus
• Replicatio contra quiddamistas
• Antihus
• Tractatus contra quattuor articulos Hussitarum
• Sermo - Resistite fortes in fide
• Postilla super epistolam ad Romanos
• Postilla super 1 cor.
• De Assumptione B. Mariae Virginis - 1407
• Contra duos articulos Vicleph - 1412
• Ad clerum - 1420
• De Epiphany
• Quaestio de universalibus
• Lectura super duos libros sentenciarum
• Recommendatio theologiae
• Commentary on Wiclif's treatise De universalibus

See also

• List of Rectors of Charles University

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Palecz, Stephan . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 21st part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1870, p. 199 ( digitized version ).
• Constantin von Wurzbach : Stephan von Paleč . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 37th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1878, p. 300 ( digitized version ).
• Václav Novotný : Mistr Jan Hus , 2 volumes, Prague 1919–1921.
• František Michálek Bartoš : České dějiny , Praha.
• Ryszard Palacz : Stefan Paleš . In: Materiały i studia do dziejów historii filozofii w Polsce , 1967.
• Pavel Spunar : Repertorium auctorum bohemorum provectum idearum post universitatem Pragensem conditam illustrans , Wrocław, Warszawa 1985.
• Vilém Herold : Pražská univerzita a Wyclif , Praha 1985.

Web links

• Literature and other media from and about Štěpán z Pálče in the catalog of the National Library of the Czech Republic