Stanislaus of Znojmo

Stanislaus von Znaim (Czech Stanislav ze Znojma , Latin Stanislaus de Znoyma ; * around 1360 in Znaim ; † 1414 Neuhaus ) was a Bohemian theologian and philosopher and teacher of Jan Hus , from whom he later distanced himself. 1404/05 he was rector of Charles University . He also wrote numerous theological and philosophical writings.

Life

Stanislaus studied in Vienna for a year from 1382 and then at Charles University in Prague. In 1385 he obtained the academic degree of a baccalaureus , three years later he became a master of arts . He then taught at the artist faculty , where he held the office of dean from 1395 to 1396. He began studying theology as early as 1392 and from the academic year 1404/05 he worked as a theology professor. In the same year he was elected rector. Jan Hus and Stephan von Paleč were among his students

As early as the 1390s, Stanislaus dealt with the teaching of the English theologian John Wyclif , to whose followers he initially belonged. In 1394 he wrote the treatise “De universalibus”, which was held to be a work of Wyclif until the 20th century. In the treatise entitled “De corpore Christi” from 1404 he dealt with Wyclif's doctrine of remanence, which, in contrast to the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, takes the position that bread and wine remain in the altar sacrament and are not substantially transformed into the body and blood of Christ. In 1405 he was therefore accused of heresy , and - although he had revoked his position under pressure - by Pope Gregory XII. cited to the Curia . On the way there he was accompanied by his friend Stephan von Paleč, who was also a follower of Wyclif. However, they were imprisoned in Bologna and only released a few months later. In the summer of 1409 both returned to Prague. Subsequently they turned away from the teaching of Wyclif and from the Bohemian reform theology. In 1412 Stanislaus published the text "Tractatus contra quinque articulos Wikleff", with which he wanted to refute his doctrine. Nevertheless, he fell out of favor with King Wenceslaus in 1413 , which is why he had to leave Prague and go to Moravia . In 1414 he went to the Council of Constance , where he wanted to explain his position against Jan Hus, which he wanted to prove with the polemical Tractatus contra XLV articulos J. Wicleff . On the way to Constance, he died in Neuhaus in South Bohemia in October .

In addition to theological and philosophical works, Stanislaus wrote numerous other writings and collections of sermons .

Works (selection)

• Theology:
  • De universalibus (1394)
  • De universalibus realibus (also Posicio de universalibus )
  • De corpore Christe (1404)
  • Tractatus contra quinque articulos Wikleff
  • Tractatus contra XLV articulos J. Wicleff
  • De ecclesia Romana
  • Alma et venerabilis
  • T ractatus de ecclesia
• Philosophy:
  • Tractatus de felicitate
  • Tractatus de vero et falso
  • De gracia et peccato
  • De Sancta Trinitate

literature

• Jana Nechutová: The Latin Literature of the Middle Ages in Bohemia . Böhlau Verlag , Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20070-1 , pp. 277-280.
• Jan Sedlák: Eucharistické traktáty Stanislava ze Znojma Brno 1906
• Pavel Spunar: Stanislaus de Znoyma. In: Slovník latinských spisovatelů, Prague 1984, pages 575-576.
• Stanislav Sousedík: Stanislaus of Znaim († 1414). A life sketch . In: Mediaevalia philosophica Polonorum Vol. 17 (1973) pp. 37-56

Web links

Literature and other media by and about Stanislaus of Znojmo in the catalog of the National Library of the Czech Republic