β-cryptoxanthin
Structural formula | ||||||||||
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General | ||||||||||
Surname | β-cryptoxanthin | |||||||||
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Molecular formula | C 40 H 56 O | |||||||||
Brief description |
red solid |
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properties | ||||||||||
Molar mass | 552.87 g mol −1 | |||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
β-Cryptoxanthin is a chemical compound from the group of carotenoids with a closed β- ionone ring.
With cryptoxanthin, a distinction is made between α- and β-cryptoxanthin, depending on whether it can be derived from α- or β-carotene by introducing a hydroxyl group into an ionone ring. β-Cryptoxanthin is a provitamin A , but only one molecule of vitamin A can be formed per molecule of β-cryptoxanthin.
Occurrence
Both cryptoxanthines are found in oranges, which probably contain the greatest variety of carotenoids of all foods ( α- , β-carotene, lutein , α- , β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin and many others). Cryptoxanthines are also found in papaya , carrots , peppers , mandarins , wheat germ oil , physalis , in pumpkin and other fruits, in butter and in egg yolks . They are contained as a yellow pigment in the flower of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). In addition to lutein and zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin are found in the form of esters in human skin. It is also detectable in both human and primate blood plasma, with concentrations lower than β-carotene and lutein. The concentration is usually higher in women than in men. The half-life in human blood is less than 12 days.
properties
β-Cryptoxanthin is a red solid that is practically insoluble in water.
use
Together with zinc, β-cryptoxanthin is said to have a preventive effect against rheumatoid arthritis . Despite being harmless, it is not approved as a food coloring. There is evidence of cancer preventive effects in lung cancer.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Gerhard Eisenbrand, Peter Schreier: RÖMPP Lexikon Lebensmittelchemie, 2nd edition, 2006 . Georg Thieme Verlag, 2014, ISBN 3-13-179282-5 , p. 231 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b c d e f data sheet β-cryptoxanthin, ≥97% (TLC) from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 4, 2018 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b c Robert Ebermann, Ibrahim Elmadfa: Textbook food chemistry and nutrition . Springer-Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-7091-0211-4 , pp. 221 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ External identifiers or database links for α-cryptoxanthin : CAS number: 24480-38-4, PubChem : 5281234 , ChemSpider : 4444646 , Wikidata : Q27133768 .
- ^ A b IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Cancer-preventive Agents, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer: Carotenoids . IARC, 1998, ISBN 978-92-832-3002-1 , pp. 46 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Siegfried Knasmüller: Cancer and nutrition risks and prevention - scientific principles and nutrition recommendations . Georg Thieme Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-13-170581-5 , p. 260 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Hartmut Bertz, Gudrun Zürcher: Nutrition in Oncology Basics and Clinical Practice . Schattauer Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7945-2804-2 , p. 118 ( limited preview in Google Book search).