1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane

Structural formula
	Wedges to clarify the geometry
General
Surname	1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane
other names	TBE; Muthmann's liquid;
Molecular formula	C 2 H 2 Br 4
Brief description	red liquid with a sweet, pungent odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	201-191-5
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.083
PubChem	6588
Wikidata	Q161271
properties
Molar mass	345.67 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	2.97 g cm −3
Melting point	−1 ° C
boiling point	151 ° C at 72 hPa
Vapor pressure	0.027 hPa (20 ° C)
solubility	heavy in water (0.68 g l −1 at 25 ° C)
Refractive index	1.6353 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger
H and P phrases	H: 330-302-315-319-412
	P: 260-273-284-305 + 351 + 338-310
MAK	Switzerland: 1 ml m −3 or 14 mg m −3
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane , often the abbreviation TBE , is a brominated hydrocarbon . It arises from the bromination of ethyne with bromine .

properties

Freshly distilled, it is a colorless liquid that, over time, takes on a reddish-brown color due to decomposition reactions in daylight. 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane has an unpleasant, sweet, pungent and very intense odor.

1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane is a heavy liquid that is used in mineralogy to separate and determine the density of heavy minerals. There this liquid is also known under the name Muthmann's liquid (after Wilhelm Muthmann , 1899). Due to its high toxicity , 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane should no longer be used, especially since there are now considerably less dangerous heavy liquids. TBE is a strong kidney and liver poison.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Entry on 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ Entry on 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on March 2, 2017.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-468.
↑ Entry on 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 79-27-6 or 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
^ Andreas von Usedom: Organic chemistry, biochemistry, chemical industry . Mentor, 2003, ISBN 978-3-580-64134-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
^ S. Gangolli: The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects: TZ and index . Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999, ISBN 978-0-85404-838-0 , pp. 65 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Entry on 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[2] Entry on 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on March 2, 2017.

[CRC90_3_468-3] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-468.

[CLP_100.001.083-4] Entry on 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[5] Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 79-27-6 or 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.

[Andreas_von_Usedom-6] Andreas von Usedom: Organic chemistry, biochemistry, chemical industry . Mentor, 2003, ISBN 978-3-580-64134-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[S._Gangolli-7] S. Gangolli: The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects: TZ and index . Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999, ISBN 978-0-85404-838-0 , pp. 65 ( limited preview in Google Book search).