3-ethylpentane

Structural formula
General
Surname	3-ethylpentane
Molecular formula	C 7 H 16
Brief description	highly flammable colorless liquid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 617-78-7 EC number 210-529-0 ECHA InfoCard 100.009.573 PubChem 12048 Wikidata Q223078
properties
Molar mass	100.21 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.70 g cm −3
Melting point	−118.3 ° C
boiling point	93 ° C
Vapor pressure	235 mbar (50 ° C)
solubility	practically insoluble in water
Refractive index	1.3934 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 225-304-315-336-410 P: 261-280-301 + 310-331-302 + 352-332 + 313-362 + 364-304 + 340 + 312-370 + 378
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

3-Ethylpentane is a chemical compound from the group of aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons . It is one of the nine constitutional isomers of heptane .

Extraction and presentation

3-ethylpentane occurs in petroleum . The compound can be obtained in small proportions by the isomerization of n-heptane . As early as 1927, a laboratory synthesis was described in which the Grignard compound from ethyl bromide is reacted with 3-pentanone . The resulting 3-ethyl-3-pentanol is used for 3-ethyl-2-pentene dehydrated and then by means of Nickelkatalysor for 3-ethylpentane hydrogenated .

properties

Physical Properties

3-Ethylpentane is a highly flammable and colorless liquid. According to Antoine, the vapor pressure function results from log ₁₀ (P) = A− (B / (T + C)) (P in bar, T in K) with A = 4.00453, B = 1254.119 and C = −53.004 in the temperature range from 294 to 364 K.

The most important thermodynamic properties are listed in the following table:

property	Type	Value [unit]
Standard enthalpy of formation	Δ f H 0 gas Δ f H 0 liquid	−191.4 kJ mol −1 −226.7 kJ mol −1
Enthalpy of combustion	Δ c H 0 liquid	−4814 kJ mol −1
Heat capacity	c p	219.58 J mol −1 K −1 (25 ° C) as a liquid
Enthalpy of fusion	Δ f H 0	9.548 kJ mol −1 at the melting point
Entropy of fusion	Δ f S 0	61.77 kJ mol −1 at the melting point
Enthalpy of evaporation	Δ V H 0	31.12 kJ mol −1 at the normal pressure boiling point 35.32 kJ mol −1 at 25 ° C
Critical temperature	T C	267.4 ° C
Critical pressure	P C	28.9 bar
Critical volume	V C	0.416 l mol −1
Critical density	ρ C	2.41 mol·l −1

Safety-related parameters

3-Ethylpentane forms highly flammable vapor-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of −18 ° C.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Entry on 3-ethylpentane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ Streiff, AJ; Murphy, ET; Sedlak, VA; Willingham, CB; Rossini, FD: Purification, Purity, and Freezing Points of 7 Heptanes, 16 Octanes, 6 Pentene, Cyclopentene, and 7 C9H12 Alkylbenzenes of the API-Standard and API-NBS Series in J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 37 (1946) 331.
3. ↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-252.
4. ↑ Entry on 3-ethylpentane at TCI Europe, accessed on July 11, 2016.
5. ↑ Sachanen TO in The Chemistry of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Volume I (Brooks, BT), New York 1954, p. 9
6. ↑ Haensel, V .; Donaldson, GR: Platforming of Pure Hydrocarbons in Ind. Eng. Chem. 43 (1951) 2102-2104, doi : 10.1021 / ie50501a036 .
7. ↑ Blomsma, E .; Martens, YES; Jacobs, PA: Reaction Mechanisms of Isomerization and Cracking of Heptane on Pd / H-Beta Zeolite in J. Catal. 155 (1995) 141-147, doi : 10.1006 / jcat.1995.1195 .
8. ↑ Edgar, G .; Calingaert, G .; Marker, RE: The preparation and properties of the isomeric heptanes. Part I. Preparation in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 1483-1491, doi : 10.1021 / ja01380a027 .
9. ↑ Forziati, AF; Norris, WR; Rossini, FD: Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Sixty API-NBS Hydrocarbons in J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 43 (1949) 555-567.
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Davies, GF; Gilbert, EC: Heats of combustion and formation of the nine isomeric heptanes in the liquid state in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63 (1941) 2730-2732, doi : 10.1021 / ja01855a064 .
11. ↑ ^{a b c} Huffman, HM; Gross, ME; Scott, DW; McCullough, IP: Low temperature thermodynamic properties of six isomeric heptanes in J. Phys. Chem. 65 (1961) 495-503, doi : 10.1021 / j100821a026 .
12. ↑ ^{a b} Majer, V .; Svoboda, V .: Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation , Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, p. 300.
13. ↑ ^{a b c d} Daubert, TE: Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 5. Branched Alkanes and Cycloalkanes in J. Chem. Eng. Data 41 (1996) 365-372, doi : 10.1021 / je9501548 .