85 mm anti-tank gun D-48
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The 85 mm D-48 anti-tank gun is an anti-tank gun developed in the Soviet Union in 1948 . It is primarily used to fight armored moving targets. The Russian designation is 85-мм противотанковая пушка Д-48, and means 85-mm anti-tank gun D-48 , the letter D stands for the manufacturer and the number 48 for the serial number of the development in this plant. The GAU index is 52-P-372 (52-П-372) or 52-P-372N (52-П-372Н) for the gun with a scaffolded night vision device . The gun was developed as a further development of the 85 mm D-44 cannon . From 1953 to 1958, 819 guns were manufactured at Plant No. 9 ( Uralmash ).
development
In Plant No. 9, under the direction of Fyodor Fyodorowitsch Petrov , the 85 mm D-44 cannon had been developed from 1944 onwards, and it was included in the armament of the Soviet Army in 1946 . The gun was designed as a field cannon , but was also suitable as an anti-tank gun. However, it soon became apparent that the D-44's performance would not be sufficient to combat the tanks developed after World War II . Under Petrov's direction, the development of a special anti-tank gun was therefore started in Plant No. 9. Building on the D-44, elements of the 100 mm BS-3 cannon were also incorporated into the development. The test model was completed in December 1948, the testing then took place in 1949. After solving the problems with the muzzle brake, the D-48 was compared from April 1950 to the one from the Central Scientific Research Institute 58 (ЦНИИ-58) under the direction of Vasily Gavrilowitsch Grabin developed the 85-mm S-6 (С-6) anti-tank gun. Grabin's design was rejected as a result of the trials, and serial production of the D-48 began in 1953 in Plant No. 9 after the end of serial production of the D-44. After 50 guns, production was relocated to plant no. 75 in Jurga (Юрга Кемеровскойя).
construction
gun
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The basic design was adopted from the D-44. The one-piece barrel has a length of 74 calibers and has a multi-hole muzzle brake , which was also adopted from the BS-3. The elongated barrel resulted in a significantly increased muzzle velocity compared to the D-44 . A vertically running semi-automatic drop block lock is used as the lock , in which a spring supports the opening of the lock. The construction was acquired by BS-3, which is a cadence of 15 shots allowed per minute. The charging cradle is located behind the breech, in which the grenade cartridges to be fired are inserted. The hydraulic pipe brake and the hydraulic-pneumatic pipe retractor are located at the level of the base piece, directly above the pipe. The weapon is aimed purely mechanically in terms of height and side, the aiming drives are to the left of the breech.
The OP2-77 (ОП2-77) was initially used as a visor, and later the OP4-77 (ОП44-77) was also used. The aiming device S71-77 (С71-77) with the panoramic telescope PG-1M (ПГ-1M) and the collimator K-1 (K-1) were used for shooting in indirect aiming .
Mount
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The expansion carriage is a construction with welded box spars. Both spars are each provided with a ground spur . For the march, the bars are folded up and locked, the lock also takes the eye for the towing vehicle. For easier maneuvering without a towing vehicle, a foldable wheel is attached to the left handle. The crew is protected against rifle ammunition and fragments by a shield.
In the marching position, the gun is 9,195 mm long, 1,780 mm wide and 1,475 mm high. The line of fire is 830 mm above the ground. The wheels were taken over from the ZIS-5 . Ural-375D and ZIL-131 trucks were used as traction devices, and AT-P chain traction devices in difficult terrain . The carriage construction allowed a cruising speed of 60 km / h on the road.
ammunition
Cartridged ammunition is fired . The OF-372 (ОФ-372), sub-caliber shells BR-372 (Бр-372) and wing-stabilized shaped charge grenades SBK-7 (3BK-7) were available. With the BR-372 sub-caliber shells, which reach a muzzle velocity of 1,040 m / s, 185 mm of armor can be penetrated at a distance of 1000 m at an impact angle of 90 °, with the SBK-7 192 mm at a distance of 1000 m an angle of incidence of 60 °. The O-365K fragmentation high-explosive shell weighs 9.66 kg. In direct straightening their effective range is 1,200 m, in indirect straightening it is 18,970 m. The ammunition for the D-48 was newly developed. This was necessary because there were no armor-piercing shells available in the 85 mm caliber that could achieve the required muzzle velocity and penetration power. In principle, it is 100 mm ammunition, the caliber of which has been reduced.
variants
D-48
The D-48 is the originally developed variant.
SD-48
The SD-48 (85-мм самодвижущаяся противотанковая СД-48, self-propelled 85-mm anti-tank gun SD-48) is the self-propelled version of the cannon. The gun was powered by a motor placed on the left spar (in the direction of fire). The 2-cylinder four-stroke boxer engine known from the Molotow M72 motorcycle with a displacement of 746 cm³ and a maximum output of 22 hp was used. The design known from the SD-44, however, turned out to be too inefficient. The gun was tested in 1954, but not mass-produced.
SD-66
The SD-66 (СД-66) is a self-propelled gun developed in 1957 . A GAZ-63 truck was used as the chassis . The cannon was located in an armored turret that could rotate through 360 °. The system was tried, but was not satisfactory. The chassis and engine were excessively stressed. It was also criticized that shooting in a marching position with the cannon pointing forward was not possible. This requirement was not implemented because it would have increased the height of the vehicle excessively.
Type 60
The Type 60 is the version of the weapon made in China.
Technical specifications
| 85 mm anti-tank gun D-48 | |
| General properties | |
| classification | Anti-tank gun |
| Chief designer | Fyodor Fyodorovich Petrov |
| Name of the manufacturer | D-48 |
| Manufacturer | Zavod No. 9 (Plant No. 9, Russian Завод № 9) in Sverdlovsk , Zavod No. 75 in Jurga (Юрга Кемеровскойя) |
| Weight in firing position | 2,350 kg |
| Weight in driving position | 2,400 kg |
| team | 6 men |
| Years of construction | 1953-1958 |
| number of pieces | 819 |
| pipe | |
| caliber | 85 mm |
| Pipe length | L / 74 |
| Fire dates | |
| Elevation range | −6 ° to + 35 ° |
| Side straightening area | 54 ° |
| Maximum range | 18,970 m |
| Maximum muzzle velocity | 1,040 m / s |
| fire rate | 15 rounds / min |
| agility | |
| Top speed in tow | 60 km / h |
commitment
The D-48 was used in the motorized rifle battalions of the Soviet Army as an anti-tank gun, but was not widely used. It has been exported to Afghanistan , Bulgaria , the Congo , India , the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , the Mongolian People's Republic , Mozambique , Romania , Somalia , Sudan and Vietnam. Other armed forces, such as the National People's Army , did not procure the D-48 and also used the D-44 as an anti-tank gun, especially since the 100-mm T-12 anti-tank gun was a more powerful gun available from the early 1960s.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Russian Arms forum ( Memento of the original from April 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
literature
- Brassey's Encyclopedia of Land Forces and Warfare, Brassey's Inc., Washington DC, 2000, ISBN 1-57488-087-X .
- Foss, Christopher F. (Editor): Jane's Armor and Artillery 1981-1982 , Jane's Publishing Company Ltd, London & New York, 1982. ISBN 978-0-531-03976-2
- Christopher F. Foss (Editor): Jane's Armor and Artillery 2007-2008 , Jane's Publishing Company Ltd, Coulsdon, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7106-2794-0
- В. Н. Шунков: Оружие Красной Армии. , Мн .: Харвест, 1999. ISBN 985-433-469-4 .