9K114 shower

9K114 shower
9M114W on a Mi-24 (left external load station)
General Information
Type	Anti-tank guided missile
Local name	9K114 shower
NATO designation	AT-6 spiral
Country of origin	Soviet Union
Manufacturer	KBM design office , Kolomna
development	1967
Commissioning	1976
Working time	in service
Unit price	$ 50,000
Technical specifications
length	1.625 m
diameter	130 mm
Combat weight	31.4 kg
span	468 mm
drive	Solid rocket engine
speed	345-560 m / s
Range	400-5,000 m
Furnishing
Target location	SACLOS , via radio command
Warhead	5.3 kg shaped charge
Detonator	Impact fuse
Weapon platforms	Vehicles and helicopters
Lists on the subject

The 9K114 Schturm ( NATO code name AT-6 Spiral ) is an anti-tank missile from Soviet production. The GRAY index of the missile is 9M114 .

development

The 9K114 Schturm was developed from 1967 by the machine design office Kolomna , which was already responsible for the 2K15 Schmel and 9K11 Maljutka anti- tank missiles. Primary equipment was Mi-24 - combat helicopter planned. Due to development delays , an upgraded 2K8 Falanga with SACLOS was initially used as an interim solution. The test phase of the 9K114 was completed in 1974 and the system was introduced to the troops in 1976. There is no direct western counterpart to this missile, the closest is the AGM-114 Hellfire .

When the 9M114 was first observed by NATO on a Mi-24, it was given the NATO code AS-8 . The classification AS stands for A ir-to- S urface Missile (air-to-ground missile). When it was later discovered that the 9K114 was an anti-tank missile, the name was changed to AT-6 "Spiral". The NATO code AS-8 was no longer used.

variants

• 9K114S Schturm-S : Ground-based version, prototype only.
• 9K114SM Schturm-SM : Modernized version for the use of the 9K120 Ataka .
• 9K114W Schturm-W : Airborne version, introduced in 1979.
• 9K114F Schturm-F : Ship- bound version, prototype only.
• 9K120 Ataka : successor system (NATO: AT-9 Spiral-2)

Deployment platforms

The vehicle-bound version Schturm-S is used on the 9P149 tank destroyer based on the MT-LB . The tracked vehicle has a launcher arm and a magazine for twelve guided weapons. The airborne version Schturm-W is used with the helicopters Mi-8 "Hip" , Mi-28 "Havoc" , Mi-24 "Hind" and the Ka-29 Helix-B .

technology

The rocket is transported in an aluminum tube and also fired from this. The missile uses a Soyuz NPO solid rocket propulsion system. At launch, a small ejection charge propels the rocket out of the launch tube.

The rocket is controlled by radio via SACLOS . The radio control allows a higher speed and range compared to the conventional wire control. The radio control takes place via VHF with five frequency bands and double coding in order to minimize the susceptibility to interfering measures. The system includes an 8-fold daylight search lens KPS-53AW with an integrated laser rangefinder. After the start, the shooter must keep the target in sight until it hits the target. Control commands are transmitted to the missile by radio remote control. The missile flies above the gunner's line of sight. Since the distance to the target is determined by the laser rangefinder, the missile only hits the target from above shortly before the impact. This procedure is mainly used to avoid collisions with obstacles and not or only subordinately to achieve advantages through an attack from above and can be switched off. It is possible to attack slow-flying helicopters - but since the missile has a contact fuse, unlike conventional anti-aircraft missiles, a direct hit is necessary.

During the 1980s and 1990s, some test series with 120 9M114 missiles were carried out on the Aberdeen Proving Ground (code name: Passive Nova ), which came from Eastern European sources. The results were disappointing. Only 4% of the rockets fired at targets up to 15 km / h hit their target, while 11% of the rockets fired at stationary targets hit their target. Tests with later models showed a hit probability of around 24%. Soviet sources report a 75-85% chance of a hit during the Soviet war in Afghanistan . A Mil demonstration in Sweden at the end of 1995, during which a Mi-28A shower and Ataka missiles were fired, also showed good results. A helicopter standing in the air was fired at a target 900 m away and at a flight speed of 200 km / h at a target 4,700 m away. Both missiles hit their target within a meter. What is worrying, however, is the fact that the warheads of the guided weapons did not detonate several times during this demonstration due to manufacturing defects.

Guided missiles

• 9M114 Kokon : 1st production version, range 5 km, armor penetration 500–600 mm RHA .
• 9M114M : 2nd production version introduced in the 1980s. Armor penetration 650 mm RHA.
• 9M114F : Version with fragmentation warhead.
• 9M114M1 : 3rd series version with improved electronics and new 7.4 kg shaped charge. Range 6 km
• 9M114M2 : Improved 9M114M1 with tandem shaped charge, range 7 km, armor penetration 560–700 mm RHA.
• 9M120 : Successor system, see 9K120 Ataka

distribution

•  Angola
•  Algeria
•  Armenia
•  Azerbaijan
•  Ethiopia
•  Bulgaria
•  Georgia
•  India
•  Indonesia
•  Yemen
•  Kazakhstan
•  Croatia
•  Libya
•  Macedonia
•  Moldova
•  Nigeria
•  Poland
•  Russia
•  Serbia
•  Slovakia
•  Sri Lanka
•  Sudan
•  Czech Republic
•  Ukraine
•  Uzbekistan
•  Venezuela
•  Belarus
•  Cyprus

Web links

Commons : 9K114 Schturm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Army-Technology.com
• Globalsecurity.org
• FAS.org

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} PALR missile complex 9K114 Sturm-W. In: rwd-mb3.de. Missile and Weapons Service in Kdo.MB III, accessed on October 24, 2019 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} A.W. Hull, DR Markov, SJ Zaloga: Soviet / Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present. Darlington Productions, 1999, ISBN 1-892848-01-5 .
3. ↑ ^{a b} Michal Fiszer: Russia's Tank Stoppers, Part 1 & 2. Journal of Electronic Defense (JED), Nov 2004.
4. ↑ 9K113 Штурм-В Airwar.ru Accessed: April 17, 2013 (Russian)
5. ↑ AT Shturm Enemyforces.com Accessed: April 17, 2013 (English)