Mil Wed-28

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Mil Wed-28
VVS 100th IMG 0063 (7727429476) .jpg
Type: Attack helicopter
Design country:

Soviet UnionSoviet Union Soviet Union → RussiaRussiaRussia 

Manufacturer:

Mil

First flight:

November 10, 1982

Commissioning:

2006, Wed-28N: 2013

Production time:

in series production since 2005

Number of pieces:

> 130

The Mil Mi-28 ( Russian Миль Ми-28 , NATO code name : "Havoc" , German for devastation ) is a two-seat Russian attack helicopter .

history

In the 1970s, the Kamow and Mil design offices developed the first types of Soviet helicopters specifically designed for use against tanks . The Mil Mi-28 was created in competition with the Kamow Ka-50 . The structural design corresponds to the configuration usually used in dedicated combat helicopters. This includes, for example, the two-seater version with the gunner sitting in front and the pilot raised behind it.

The first flight took place on November 10, 1982 in the USSR . It should replace the aging Mil Mi-24 together with the Kamow Ka-52 . Due to limited financial resources, however , the Mi-24, which was tested in Afghanistan , remains the most important combat helicopter in the Russian armed forces for the time being .

In 2003 the Russian Defense Ministry announced that it had ordered 50 Mi-28N from Rostwertol. The first two Mi-28N were delivered in mid-2006. By 2015, 67 pieces should be available to replace the oldest Mi-24.

The first operational Russian squadron Mi-28N took part in a joint maneuver with Belarus in June 2006.

technology

Drive and rotor

Mi-28NE

The Mi-28 has elastically suspended rotor blades made of composite materials , similar to the design first implemented on the Kamow Ka-26 and later on the Bölkow Bo 105 . The Mi-28N uses pure plastic rotor blades that are also supposed to withstand 30 mm projectiles. The four-bladed tail rotor is made up of two twin-bladed rotors mounted on the tail rotor shaft offset at an angle of 35 ° / 145 °. An adjustable horizontal stabilizer is attached asymmetrically at the end of the tail boom.

By 2012, the Mi-28 were Klimov TW3-117WMA - gas turbines equipped, because of the traditional Soviet division of tasks between design office and factories for mass production of Motor Sich in Zaporizhia were produced. Since 2012, the newly developed Klimow WK-2500 , which is a further development of the TW3-117WMA and is manufactured by Klimow itself or under the umbrella of the UEC in Russia, has been increasingly used. Klimow now offers the new TW7-117WK as a replacement engine for older or standard engine for newly produced Mi-28s. An on-board auxiliary power unit enables operation from unprepared launch sites. The Mi-28 reaches a top speed of 320 km / h, it can also fly sideways and backwards at up to 100 km / h.

Armor

The cabin and cockpit windows can withstand projectiles with a caliber of up to 12.7 mm. The chassis and seats are designed to absorb energy so that the crew can survive a vertical impact of up to 12 m / s. As a countermeasure to heat-seeking anti-aircraft missiles , the thermal signature of the Mi-28 was reduced by a factor of 2.5 compared to its predecessor Mi-24 .

Sensors

Mi-28 sensor package

The Mi-28 has a fully integrated fire control system based on a two-channel (wide / narrow-angle) video viewfinder, which can be swiveled horizontally by 110 ° and vertically from +13 to -40 °, supplemented by a laser range finder. The gunner detects the target using an electronic helmet visor ( HMD ) with automatic eye tracking. Electro-optical:

  • TV
  • Infrared
  • laser

Radar (optional): Fasotron NIIR Arbalet / FH-01 multifunctional radar, works in the centimeter and millimeter wave range .

Air to ground:

Air-air:

Versions

All weather version Mi-28N
  • Mi-28: First prototype with a conventional three-blade tail rotor. First flight in 1982
  • Mi-28A: Improved prototype for a planned series production. With more modern avionics and TW-3-117WM engines with 2200 hp each. First flight in 1988.
  • Mi-28N: Night combat and all weather version. Equipped with mast-mounted FH-01-Arbalet -MM radar, FLIR and night vision device . Takeoff weight 11,500 kg, weapon load 2350 kg. Retrofitted with TW3-117WMA-SB3 engines with 2500 HP each. Armed with up to 16 anti-tank guided weapons of the type 9K120 Ataka . First flight in 1996.
  • Mi-28NM: Further development of the Mi-28N from 2008. Has been tested since 2017. Equipped with new VK-2500P engines with a maximum of 2800 hp each, modified cockpit glazing, new antennas, improved weapon control, modified chin mount for the on-board cannon and optional mast-mounted N025E -MM radar. A data link is also to be used for data exchange with other Mi-28 and ground stations. In addition, the navigator should be able to control the helicopter.
  • Mi-28E: Export version of the Mi-28A.
  • Mi-28L: Export version of the Mi-28A for use in desert regions.
  • Mi-28NAe: Export version of the Mi-28N for North Korea presented in 2004 .
  • Mi-28NE Night Hunter: Export version of the Mi-28N (also variant with double control).
  • Mi-28D: Simplified export version of the Mi-28N without MM radar and FLIR . Presented at the Aerosalon 2005 in Le Bourget .
  • Mi-28UB: Mi-28N, in which flight control can be done from both seats. Used for training pilots.

User states

Current users

  • AlgeriaAlgeria Algeria - As of January 2018, 6 Mi-28NEs are in service with the Algerian Air Force .
  • IraqIraq Iraq - As of January 2018, 11 Mi-28NE and 4 Mi-28UB are in service with the Iraqi Air Force .
  • RussiaRussia Russia - As of March 7, 2019, at least 101 Mi-28N, at least 2 Mi-28UB and 2 Mi-28NM are in service with Russian army aviators . Russia plans to procure 98 Mi-28NM.

Former prospects

  • VenezuelaVenezuela Venezuela - In 2009, the Venezuelan Air Force acquired u. a. negotiated at least 10 Mi-28NEs to replace the Rockwell OV-10 Bronco. In the course of the large national debt , the procurement was suspended for an indefinite period.
  • BelarusBelarus Belarus - According to Rosoboronexport, the Belarusian Air Force has shown an interest in including a. Procure Mi-28NE.

Incidents

Mi-28 during the August 2, 2015 crash

On June 9, 2009, a Mi-28 of the Russian air force crashed in western Russia after the helicopter had fired unguided air-to-surface missiles while hovering at a height of around 40 m, which caused the engines to stall. The two crew members were uninjured, the helicopter was badly damaged, but repaired.

On February 15, 2011, a Mi-28N of the Russian Air Force crashed in the Stavropol region in southern Russia. Both crew members were injured, the pilot died in the hospital.

On August 16, 2012, a Mi-28N helicopter was slightly damaged during a hard landing at Mosdok airfield in the Russian republic of North Ossetia. There was no personal injury.

On August 2, 2015, an Mi-28 of the Russian Berkuty aerobatic team crashed during a demonstration as part of the international air force exercise "Aviadarts" on the Russian training area Dubrovichi near Ryazan . One of the two pilots was killed. The cause of the accident was probably a hydraulic failure.

On April 12, 2016, both pilots died when a Mi-28N machine crashed in the Homs region during the Russian military operation in Syria .

Technical specifications

Crack drawing
Parameter Wed-28N
Type Heavy attack helicopter
crew 2
Main rotor diameter 17.20 m
Hull length 17.91 m (without rotors)
width 4.88 m (over stub wings)
height 3.82 m (to the tip of the rotor head)
Empty mass 7890 kg
Takeoff mass normal: 10,500 kg
maximum 11,700 kg
Top speed 324 km / h (at a height of 500 m)
Marching speed 265 km / h
Rate of climb Max. 13.6 m / s
Hover 4500 m
Service ceiling static 3500 m, dynamic 4950 m
Range normal: 435 km with reserve
transfer range: 1105 km
Engines 2 × Klimow - shaft turbines TW3-117WMA-SB3 or Klimow TW7-117 WK
power 2,400 PS (1,765 kW) or 2,700 PS (1,986 kW) each
comment Transport of 2–3 people possible in the rear area

Armament

Chin rest
Armament at external load station
Fixed armament in chin mount
  • 1 x 30 mm automatic cannon Schipunow 2A42 in a NPPU-28-tower (synchronized with sensor tower pivotally) with 250 rounds of ammunition (armor piercing projectiles or explosive Splitter) in two drum magazines
Payload of up to 1920 kg at four external load stations under the stub wings
Air-to-air guided missile
  • 4 × double starters each with 2 × Wympel 9K38W Igla-W - infrared-guided short-range air-to-air guided missile
  • 2 × APU-62-1M launch rails for one Wympel R-73 (AA-11 "Archer") each - infrared-guided short-range air-to-air guided missile
Air-to-surface guided missile
Unguided air-to-surface missiles
  • 4 × B-8W20A1 rocket tube launch container for 20 unguided S-8 air-to-surface rockets each ; Caliber 80 mm
  • 4 × B-13L5 rocket tube launch containers for five unguided S-13 air-to-surface missiles each ; Caliber 122 mm
  • 4 × launch rails, each with an unguided air-to-surface missile S-24B ; Caliber 240 mm (235 kg)
Free fall bombs
External container

Self-defense systems

The Mi-28 has an automatic self-defense system. This consists of the following components:

Active component
  • 4 × OAK -UW-26 decoys, each with 32 × 26.6 mm heat flare decoys (OMI-PPI-26 or Adros PIK-26). Two launchers are attached to the end of each stub wing in a pill-shaped panel.
Passive components
  • 4 × L-138 “Mak” missile approach warning sensors
  • 2 × L-140 "Otklik" laser warning sensors
  • 4 × L-150 “Pastel” radar warning sensors
  • 2 × air mixers that greatly cool the heat radiation at the engine outlets by mixing it with fresh air and thus reduce the IR signature by a factor of 2.2.

See also

literature

  • Bill Gunston, Mike Spick: Modern Military Helicopters. Verlag Stocker-Schmid AG, 1989, ISBN 3-7276-7072-X .

Web links

Commons : Mil Mi-28  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://lenta.ru/news/2013/12/27/mi28n/
  2. ↑ Description of the rotor systems of the Mil helicopters
  3. ↑ Russia ramps up production of localized VK-2500 engines. In: rusaviainsider.com. May 5, 2017, accessed September 15, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Import replacement for Mi-28 helicopters: Ukrainian engine replaced by Russian. Sputniknews, March 16, 2016, accessed April 1, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Advanced Mi-28NM Helicopter Starts Flight Tests. In: defense-aerospace.com. Defense Aerospace, October 5, 2016, accessed July 3, 2019 .
  6. ↑ МОДЕРНИЗИРОВАННЫЙ БОЕВОЙ ВЕРТОЛЕТ МИ-28НМ. In: nevskii-bastion.ru. НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, July 3, 2019, accessed July 3, 2019 (Russian).
  7. ↑ Mi-28NE with double control in the series. In: Flugrevue.de. March 21, 2016, accessed March 30, 2016 .
  8. ^ A b c The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 (English, January 2018).
  9. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2017 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2017, ISBN 978-1-85743-900-7 , pp. 217 (English, January 2017, 94 Mi-28N).
  10. ↑ Авиационный полк ЗВО усилился ударным вертолетом Ми-28Н «Ночной охотник». structure.mil.ru, November 14, 2017, accessed November 17, 2017 (Russian).
  11. ↑ Вертолетный полк ЗВО пополнит «Ночной охотник». structure.mil.ru, December 1, 2017, accessed December 1, 2017 (Russian).
  12. ↑ Ударные вертолёты Ми-28 поступили на вооружение бригады армейской авиации ЗВО в Псковской области . In: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru, February 19, 2019, accessed on February 22, 2019 (Russian, including 2 additional Mi-28Ns delivered to the air force).
  13. ↑ Минобороны получило семь новых боевых вертолетов. In: ИЗВЕСТИЯ. iz.ru, March 7, 2019, accessed on March 8, 2019 (in Russian, including 3 more Mi-28N and 2 Mi-28UB were delivered to the air force).
  14. ↑ Минобороны РФ заключило контракт на установочную партию новых вертолетов Ми-28НМ. военное.рф, December 18, 2017, accessed on January 5, 2019 (Russian, including the first 2 Mi-28NM will be delivered by the end of 2018).
  15. ↑ Nikolai Novichkov, Kubinka & Dmitry Fediushko ,: Army 2019: Russian MoD places orders worth over USD15 billion. In: janes.com. IHS Jane's, July 1, 2019, accessed July 2, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Mi-28NE. In: GlobalSecurity. globalsecurity.org, accessed February 22, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Rosoboronexport to discuss military-technical and technological cooperation with Belarus at the MILEX-2017 exhibition. In: Rosoboronexport. roe.ru, May 15, 2017, accessed on February 22, 2019 .
  18. ↑ The Ministry of Defense is investigating the accident involving the new Mi-28N helicopter. Gazeta.ru via Kommersant, July 7, 2009, accessed April 27, 2016 (in Russian).
  19. ↑ Commander in Russian Mi-28 helicopter crash dies in hospital (Update 1). RIA Novosti, February 15, 2011, accessed April 27, 2016 .
  20. ↑ A Mi-28N attack helicopter hard landed at Mozdok airfield in North Ossetia. TASS, August 16, 2012, accessed April 27, 2016 (Russian).
  21. ↑ Alexander Golz: Air battle over Ryazan. In: Fliegerrevue No. 11/2015, pp. 28/29
  22. ↑ Combat helicopter crashes during a show flight - one pilot dead. Sputnik News, August 2, 2015, accessed on August 3, 2015 .
  23. ↑ Russia: Pilot dies in helicopter crash. de.euronews.com, August 2, 2015, accessed August 3, 2015 .
  24. ↑ Russian MI-28N helicopter crashed in Syria. In: de.sputniknews.com. RIA Novosti , April 12, 2016, accessed April 12, 2016 .
  25. ↑ JSC "Klimov" - TV3-117. Retrieved October 24, 2019 .
  26. ↑ JSC "Klimov" - VK-2500. Retrieved October 24, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Main performance characteristics of Mi-28NE helicopter ( Memento from June 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (manufacturer's website , English)
  28. ↑ http://www.flamber.ru/files/photos/1211922554/1214167170_g.jpg
  29. ↑ http://img233.imageshack.us/img233/7873/mi28transportroom.jpg
  30. ↑ David Donald: Modern Battlefield Warplanes. AIRtime Publishing Inc, 1994.
  31. ↑ Nikolai Novichkov: Army 2018: Russian Helicopters unveils upgraded Mi-28NE helicopter. (No longer available online.) In: Janes.com. IHS Jane's 360, August 21, 2018, archived from the original on August 23, 2018 ; accessed on October 24, 2019 (English).
  32. ^ Air Forces Monthly, July 2011, Key Publishing England