Abelsonite

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abelsonite
Abelsonite - Green River Formation, Uintah County, Utah, USA.jpg
Reddish abelsonite crystal from the Green River Formation , Uintah County , Utah, USA
(size 1.8 mm)
General and classification
other names
  • IMA 1975-013
  • Nickel porphyrin
chemical formula NiC 31 H 34 N 4
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		various organic minerals
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		10.CA.20
50.04.09.01
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system triclinic
Crystal class ; symbol triklin-pedial; 1 or triclinic pinacoidal; 1
Space group P 1 (No. 1) or P 1 (No. 2)Template: room group / 1Template: room group / 2
Lattice parameters a  = 8.44  Å ; b  = 11.12 Å; c  = 7.28 Å
α  = 90.9 °; β  = 113.7 °; γ  = 79.6 °
Formula units Z  = 1
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 2.5
Density (g / cm 3 ) measured: 1.33 to 1.48; calculated: 1.45
Cleavage indistinct, probably after {11 -1 }
colour dark gray-purple, pale purple, red-brown
Line color pink
transparency translucent
shine Diamond luster, faint metallic luster
Crystal optics
Optical character biaxial

Abelsonite is a very seldom occurring mineral belonging to the mineral class of organic compounds with the chemical composition NiC 31 H 32 N 4 and thus, from a chemical point of view, nickel porphyrin .

Abelsonite crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system and develops bars or tabular crystals up to one centimeter in size and thin flakes of dark gray- violet , pale purple-red or red-brown color. The surfaces of the translucent crystals show a diamond to slightly metal-like sheen .

Etymology and history

The mineral was first discovered in 1969 by Lawrence C. Trudell in mineral samples from the Wosco well in the Green River Formation in the US state of Utah . The mineral was named after Philip Hauge Abelson , President of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, DC .

classification

In the now outdated 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , abelsonite is not yet listed. Only in the Lapis mineral directory , which was revised and updated in 2018 by Stefan Weiß, which is still based on this classic system from Karl Hugo Strunz out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections , the mineral received the system and mineral number. IX / A.02-60 . In the "lapis Classification", this corresponds to the class "Organic Compounds", where the department "salts of organic acids", where abhurite together with Calclacit , Chanabayait , Dashkovait , Earlandit , Formicait , Hoganit , Joanneumit , Julienit , Kafehydrocyanit , mellite , Paceit and Pigotit forms an independent but unnamed group.

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, valid since 2001 and updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, assigns the abelsonite to the section “Various organic minerals” and there in the unnamed subdivision “10.CA.”, where he is the only member of the unnamed group 10.CA.20 .

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the abelsonite to the class and there in the department of the same name of "organic minerals". Here he is to be found as the only member of the unnamed group 04/50/09 within the sub-section “Salts of organic acids with various formulas”.

Crystal structure

Structural formula of abelsonite

Abelsonite crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system in the space group P 1 (space group no. 1) with the lattice parameters a = 8.44  Å , b = 11.12 Å and c = 7.28 Å; α = 90.9 °, β = 113.7 ° and γ = 79.6 ° as well as one formula unit per unit cell . Template: room group / 1

Chemically, it is a porphyrin derivative that has a total of five methyl and two ethyl groups on the porphyrin ring.

Education and Locations

Abelsonite forms as a secondary mineral on the surfaces of oil shale . It was created by converting chlorophyll and is the only known, crystalline porphyrin derivative that occurs in nature . For this reason, abelsonite is also known as a chemofossil . It is associated with albite , orthoclase , pyrite , quartz , mica , dolomite and analcime .

In addition to the type locality , abelsonite was found in other sites in the Green River Formation and in the Piceance Creek Basin in the US state of Colorado .

See also

List of minerals

literature

  • Michael Fleischer, LJ Cabri: New mineral names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 61 , 1976, p. 502–504 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 410 kB ; accessed on August 14, 2019]).
  • Charles Milton, Edward J. Dwornik, Patricia A. Estep-Barnes, Robert B. Finkelman, Adolf Pabst, Susan Palmer: Abelsonite, nickel porphyrin, a new mineral from the Green River Formation, Utah . In: American Mineralogist . tape 63 , 1978, pp. 930–937 (English, minsocam.org [PDF; 802 kB ; accessed on August 14, 2019]).
  • Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 799 (first edition: 1891).

Web links

Commons : Abelsonite  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  725 (English).
  2. ↑ a b c d Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
  3. ↑ a b c Abelsonite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 66  kB ; accessed on August 14, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Abelsonite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed August 14, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Malcolm Back, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau and others: The New IMA List of Minerals - A Work in Progress - Updated: May 2019. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, Marco Pasero, July 2019, accessed August 14, 2019 .
  6. ^ Charles Milton, Edward J. Dwornik, Patricia A. Estep-Barnes, Robert B. Finkelman, Adolf Pabst, Susan Palmer: Abelsonite, nickel porphyrin, a new mineral from the Green River Formation, Utah . In: American Mineralogist . tape 63 , 1978, pp. 930-937 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 802 kB ; accessed on August 14, 2019]).
    . In: . ,, S. ([pdf]).
  7. ↑ Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed August 14, 2019 .
  8. ^ Carlyle B. Storm, Jostein Krane, Tore Skjetne, Nils Telnaes, Jan F. Branthaver, Earl W. Baker: The Structure of Abelsonite . In: Science . tape 223 , no. 4640 , 1984, pp. 1075-1076 , doi : 10.1126 / science.223.4640.1075 (English).
  9. ↑ a b Glenn. M. Mason, Laurence G. Trudell, Jan F. Branthaver: Review of the stratigraphic distribution and diagenetic history of abelsonite . In: Organic Geochemistry . tape 14 , no. 6 , 1989, pp. 585-594 , doi : 10.1016 / 0146-6380 (89) 90038-7 (English, []).