Chelles Abbey

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Reconstruction drawing of the dormitory of Chelles Abbey in the 13th century ( Viollet-le-Duc )

The Notre-Dame de Chelles (sometimes Chelles-Saint-Bert Hour named after its founder) was a royal monastery in Chelles east of Paris.

history

The nucleus of the abbey was the Merovingian Villa Cala . Queen Chrodechild († 544), the wife of Clovis I , had already donated a church dedicated to St. George to her . King Chilperich I († 584) and Queen Fredegunde († 597) often resided here. Chilperich was murdered while hunting near the villa. Around the year 658 St. George's Church and were Villa Cala by Queen Bathilde , widow of Clovis II. , To the nuns monastery expanded. Bathilde later entered the monastery and died in Chelles in 680.

For a long time, almost all abbesses were widows, daughters or sisters of emperors or kings, which in the long run was to the detriment of monastic discipline. Étienne de Senlis and Louis de Beaumont, bishops of Paris , tried in vain to reform the monastery, one in 1134, the other in 1483. It was not until 1499, at the time of Bishop Jean Simon, that this succeeded by a resolution of the Parlement of Paris 1500 abbesses were three years chosen with possible re-election. But as early as 1559 the king abolished the election and from then on appointed the abbesses themselves.

The chalice of Chelles, which is said to have been made in the 7th century by Eligius (Saint Eloi) for the Abbey of Chelles; he was lost in the revolution (illustration after a drawing, apparently by André de Saussay, Bishop of Toul († 1627)).

The Benedictine monastery existed until the French Revolution . Chelles Abbey was closed in 1790, sold as national property and destroyed in 1796. The remains of the monastery are now part of the Mairie von Chelles.

Abbesses

Elected for life

  • Bertille, † 704, friend of Bathilde and first abbess
  • Sigisse (708 testified)
  • Vilcome
  • Ermengarde
  • Clémence
  • Asceline
  • Sybille
  • Marsilie
  • Gisela (788–810), † 810, sister of Charlemagne
  • Heilwig from Saxony, † after 835, mother of the Empress Judith
  • Ermentrude, † 869, wife of Charlemagne
  • Rothild, attested as abbess in 912/922, † 928/929, daughter of Charlemagne

The attempt of Charlemagne in 922 to take the abbey from his aunt Rothild and give it to his favorite Hagano led to the deposition of Charlemagne after an uprising of the nobility, presumably under the leadership of Hugo the great , who in turn was Rothild's son-in-law.

No abbesses are known for around 170 years

  • Mathilde (1097–1112)
  • Ameline or Aveline (testified in 1127/37)
  • Maale or Mathilde (attested in 1156)
  • Helvide or Héloise (1155–1177)
  • Asceline, † 1178
  • Marie de Duny (1178–1185)
  • Ameline, † 1205
  • Marie de Néry , † 1208
  • Mathilde de Berchère (1208-1220), † 1220
  • Mathilde de Corbeil (probably 1220-1223)
  • Florence (1223 abbess), † 1228
  • Marguerite de Néry (1228-1231)
  • Pétronille de Mareuil (1231–1250), † 1250
  • Mathilde de Nanteuil (1250–1274), † 1274
  • Vacancy (1274–1280)
  • Adeline I. de Nanteuil (1280–1311), † 1311
  • Alice I. de Clignet d'Otis (1311-1317), † 1317
  • Marguerite II de Pacy (1317-1348)
  • Pétronille de Paroy (1348–1354)
  • Adeline de Pacy (1354-1363), † 1363
  • Jeanne I. de Soissy (1363–1364), † 1364
  • Agnès I. de La Queue (1364–1368), † after 1368
  • Jeanne de La Forest (1368–1379), † 1379
  • Jeanne de Roye (1379–1399), † 1399, sister of Guy de Roye
  • Agnès de Neufville (1399-1414)
  • Alice de Thorote (1414-1419)
  • Marie de Cléry (1420-1429)
  • Elisabeth de Pollye (1429–1475), † 1475
  • Catherine de Lignières (1475–1500), † 1504

Elected for three years

  • Jeanne de La Rivière (1500–1507)
  • Marie de Reilhac (1507–1510), † 1547
  • Marie Cornu (1510–1514), † 1519
  • Catherine or Marguerite de Champrond (1518–1518), † 1518
  • Barbe de Tallensac (1518–1528), † 1537
  • Madeleine des Chelles (1528–1542), † 1542
  • Jacqueline d'Amignon (1542–1558), † 1558

Appointed by the king

  • Renée de Bourbon (1559–1583), † 1583, daughter of Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme
  • Marie de Lorraine (1583–1627), † 1627, daughter of Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Aumale
  • Marie Henriette de Bourbon (1627–1629), † 1629, illegitimate daughter of King Henri IV.
  • Madeleine de la Porte de La Meilleraye (1629–1671), † 1671
  • Guidone Marguerite de Cossé (1671–1680), 1st time, daughter of François de Cossé, Duke of Brissac
  • Catherine de Scorailles de Roussille (1680–1688)
  • Guidone Marguerite de Cossé (1688–1707), 2nd time, † 1707
  • Charlotte Agnès de Villars (1707–1719), † 1723
  • Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans (1719–1734), daughter of the regent Philippe II. De Bourbon, duc d'Orléans
  • Anne de Clermont-Chaste de Gessans (1735–1790)

Other personalities

literature

  • Honoré Fisquet , La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana), Paris, Volume 2, pp. 345-349
  • Abbé Clément Torchet, Histoire de L'Abbaye Royale de Nôtre-Dame de Chelles, 3 volumes, 1889–94, new edition 2010

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Schieffer , Die Karolinger (1992), p. 203
  2. ↑ "Rothildis, amitæ SUAE [regis Karoli] socrus autem Hugonis" ( Flodoard 922, MGH SS III, p 370), explaining online from Medieval Lands , printed by Christian Settipani , La Prehistory of capétiens (1993), p 410