Acephate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Acephate
other names	O , S -dimethyl (acetamide) thiophosphate
Molecular formula	C 4 H 10 NO 3 PS
Brief description	colorless solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	250-241-2
ECHA InfoCard	100.045.659
PubChem	1982
Wikidata	Q2231923
properties
Molar mass	183.16 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.35 g cm −3
Melting point	88-90 ° C
solubility	soluble in water (650 g l −1 at 20 ° C); soluble in ethanol; poorly soluble in aromatic solvents;
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302 + 312
	P: 301 + 312 + 330-302 + 352 + 312
Toxicological data	2000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rabbit , transdermal ) ; 700 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Acephate is a chemical compound from the group of thiophosphoric acid esters . It is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide developed by Chevron in the mid-1970s . It is an N -acetyl derivative of Methamidophos .

Extraction and presentation

Acephate can be obtained by the reaction of acetylation of O , O -dimethylphosphoroamidothioate and subsequent isomerization .

properties

Acephate is a colorless, smelly solid that is soluble in water.

use

Acephate is a systemic insecticide with contact and pest toxin effects. It is used against many types of biting and sucking insects in fruits, vegetables, grapes, hops, cotton, potatoes, rice and soybeans. Due to its acaricidal side effects, it is also effective against spider mites . The effect is based on the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase . The half-life in the soil is 2 to 7 days.

Acephat was approved in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1973 to 1994.

proof

Acephate can be detected by gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic analysis.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on acephate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b Data sheet Acephate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on September 20, 2015 ( PDF ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry on acephate in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed September 20, 2015.
↑ Entry on Acephate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ ^a ^b entry on acephate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on September 20, 2015.
↑ Kalyani Paranjape, Vasant Gowariker, V. N Krishnamurthy, Sugha Gowariker: The Pesticide Encyclopedia . CABI, 2014, ISBN 978-1-78064-014-3 , pp. 4 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . William Andrew, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8155-1853-2 , pp. 374 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ Peter Brandt: Reports on Plant Protection Products 2009 Active Ingredients in Plant Protection Products ; Approval history and regulations of the Plant Protection Application Ordinance . Springer-Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-0348-0029-7 , pp. 7 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Wilhelm Drescher, Lothar Fiedler: Method for the detection of residues of the insecticides acephate, dimethoate, methamidophos and omethoate in small amounts of nectar. In: Chemosphere. 12, 1983, p. 1605, doi : 10.1016 / 0045-6535 (83) 90091-7 .
↑ E. Scherbaum: Use of HPLC-MS (-MS) in pesticide analysis. In: CVUA. June 2005, accessed February 20, 2018 .

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on acephate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .

[Sigma-2] Data sheet Acephate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on September 20, 2015 ( PDF ).

[HSDB-3] Entry on acephate in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed September 20, 2015.

[CLP_100.045.659-4] Entry on Acephate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[RömppOnline-5] try on acephate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on September 20, 2015.

[Kalyani_Paranjape,_Vasant_Gowariker,_V._N_Krishnamurthy,_Sugha_Gowariker-6] Kalyani Paranjape, Vasant Gowariker, V. N Krishnamurthy, Sugha Gowariker: The Pesticide Encyclopedia . CABI, 2014, ISBN 978-1-78064-014-3 , pp. 4 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Thomas_A._Unger-7] Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . William Andrew, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8155-1853-2 , pp. 374 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Peter_Brandt-8] Peter Brandt: Reports on Plant Protection Products 2009 Active Ingredients in Plant Protection Products ; Approval history and regulations of the Plant Protection Application Ordinance . Springer-Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-0348-0029-7 , pp. 7 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[DOI10.1016/0045-6535(83)90091-7-9] Wilhelm Drescher, Lothar Fiedler: Method for the detection of residues of the insecticides acephate, dimethoate, methamidophos and omethoate in small amounts of nectar. In: Chemosphere. 12, 1983, p. 1605, doi : 10.1016 / 0045-6535 (83) 90091-7 .

[10] E. Scherbaum: Use of HPLC-MS (-MS) in pesticide analysis. In: CVUA. June 2005, accessed February 20, 2018 .