Achromobacter
| Achromobacter | ||||||||||||
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Achromobacter xylosoxidans |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Achromobacter | ||||||||||||
| Yabuuchi & Yano 1981 |
Achromobacter is a bacteria - species from the family of Alcaligenaceae that the order of the Burkholderiales belongs. They are gram-negative , rod-shaped bacteria. The catalase and oxidase test are positive. They are mobile by peritrichal flagella and occur in soil and water.
metabolism
The metabolism of Achromobacter is usually chemoorganotroph , the species use various organic compounds such as amino acids for growth. However, some species, such as Achromobacter ruhlandii, are hydrogen oxidizers ; one also speaks of oxyhydrogen bacteria. You gain energy through the oxidation of hydrogen (H 2 ) with oxygen (O 2 ) to water (H 2 O). Since they are inorganic substances, they are among the facultative chemolithotrophic bacteria. They are not obligatory lithotrophic, as they can, if the appropriate circumstances exist, switch to the chemo-organic metabolism and use organic substrates for the energy metabolism .
The types of Achromobacter are aerobic , they do not perform fermentation (fermentation). Some species, such as Achromobacter denitrificans but can also under anaerobic conditions exist and then run in energy metabolism a denitrification by. One also speaks of nitrate breathing. Such bacteria reduce nitrogen oxides such as nitrate or nitrite under anaerobic conditions down to molecular nitrogen (N 2 ). Nitrate breathers can also be found in the closely related genus Alcaligenes , for example the species Alcaligenes faecalis . This metabolic pathway is relatively widespread within the prokaryotes, some further examples are Thiobacillus denitrificans (family Hydrogenophilaceae ), Paracoccus denitrificans of the class Alpha-Proteobacteria , as well as some types of Pseudomonas of the Gamma-Proteobacteria .
Medical importance
If Achromobacter is detected in the event of an infection (e.g. in cystic fibrosis , although the pathogenetic significance is unclear), antimicrobial treatment with meropenem or imipenem in combination with ciprofloxacin can be considered. There is primary resistance to aminoglycosides .
Systematics
A selection of types:
- Achromobacter aegrifaciens Vandamme et al. 2014
- Achromobacter agilis Vandamme et al. 2016
- Achromobacter denitrificans (Rüger & Tan 1983) Coenye et al. 2003
- Achromobacter insolitus Coenye et al. 2003
- Achromobacter piechaudii (Kiredjian et al. 1986) Yabuuchi et al. 1998
- Achromobacter ruhlandii (Packer & Vishniac 1955) Yabuuchi et al. 1998
- Achromobacter spanius Coenye et al. 2003
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Achromobacter xylosoxidans (ex Yabuuchi & Ohyama 1971) Yabuuchi & Yano 1981
- Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Rüger and Tan 1983) Yabuuchi et al. 1998, comb. nov.
- Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans ( ex Yabuuchi and Ohyama 1971) Yabuuchi and Yano 1981, comb. nov.
literature
- Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1
- George M. Garrity: Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology . 2nd Edition. Springer, New York, 2005, Vol. 2: The Proteobacteria Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria ISBN 0-387-24145-0
- Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Eds.): The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . 7 volumes, 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York et al. O., 2006, ISBN 0-387-30740-0 . Vol. 5: Proteobacteria: Alpha and Beta Subclass ISBN 0-387-30745-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 196.
- ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature Genus Achromobacter (status: October 24, 2017) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
