Alcaligenes

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Alcaligenes
Alcaligenes xylosoxidans with fibrin-like fibers on the wall of a venous catheter (secondary electron microscope image)

Alcaligenes xylosoxidans
with fibrin-like fibers on the wall of a venous catheter
( secondary electron microscope image)

Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Betaproteobacteria
Order : Burkholderiales
Family : Alcaligenaceae
Genre : Alcaligenes
Scientific name
Alcaligenes
Castellani & Chalmers 1919

Alcaligenes is a genus of gram-negative bacteria .

properties

Alcaligenes bacteria are rod-shaped to spherical ( cocci ) with dimensions of 0.5 to 0.6 by 0.5 to 2.6 µm. They usually occur individually. They are flagellated peritrich and have one to four flagella, which, however, can also be regressed. Stages of survival are not known.

Most species are obligatorily aerobic , but some can also use nitrite or nitrate as electron acceptors in the absence of oxygen . They are mostly chemoorganotrophic , some species are chemolithotrophic with hydrogen oxidation with oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Most strains do not need organic nitrogen, and atmospheric nitrogen is not reduced. Casein , gelatin , cellulose , chitin and agar are not hydrolyzed . Oxidases are present. The GC content of the DNA is 58 to 70%. The optimum growth is at temperatures between 20 and 37 ° C.

They are found in bodies of water and soils, and some species are also found in the digestive tract of vertebrates. Occasionally they appear as opportunistic pathogens of diseases in humans.

Alcaligenes species have been used in the industrial manufacture of non-standard amino acids .

The following species belong to the genus (selection):

literature

  • Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Paul V. Dunlap, David P. Clark: Brock - Biology of Microorganisms , 12th Edition. International Edition, Pearson, San Francisco et al. O. 2009, ISBN 978-0-321-53615-0 , ISBN 0-321-53615-0 ,

swell

  1. ↑ Margaret S. Hendrie, AJ Holding, JM Shewan: Emended Descriptions of the Genus Alcaligenes and of Alcaligenes faecalis and Proposal That the Generic Name Achromobacter be Rejected: Status of the Named Species of Alcaligenes and Achromobacter . In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . tape 24 (4) , 1974, pp. 534-550 (English).
  2. ↑ John G. Holt, Noel R. Krieg, Peter HA Sneath, James T. Staley, Stanley T. Williams: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology . 9th edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore et al. O. 1994, p. 75, ISBN 0-683-00603-7
  3. ↑ Qun Ren, Katinka Ruth, Linda Thöny-Meyer, Manfred Zinn: Enatiomerically pure hydroxycarboxylic acids: current approaches and future perspectives . In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology . tape 87 , no. 1 , May 2, 2017, ISSN  0175-7598 , p. 41–52 , doi : 10.1007 / s00253-010-2530-6 , PMID 20393709 , PMC 2872024 (free full text).

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