Japanese ray pen
| Japanese ray pen | ||||||||||||
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Branch with fruits on a plant at Ōwani, Aomori , Japan |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Actinidia polygama | ||||||||||||
| ( Sieb. & Zucc. ) Maxim. |
The Japanese ray pen ( Actinidia polygama ), also known as silver wine or Matatabi , is a species of plant from the genus ray pen ( Actinidia ) within the ray pen family (Actinidiaceae). It grows in mountainous areas of Japan, China, Korea, and eastern Siberia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Japanese ray pen is a frost-hardy climbing plant that throws leaves in winter and reaches a height of 5 to 6 meters.
The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is ovate with a length of 7 to 14 centimeters and a width of 4.5 to 8 centimeters with a pointed upper end. The leaf margin is finely serrated. The underside of the leaves is uniformly pale green and the upper side is colored green or pure white in different proportions, often about half of them are white. On the underside of the leaf, the leaf veins are conspicuous. The upper side of the leaf is hairy and the underside is hairy only on the leaf veins or completely bare.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from late June to early July. The flowers are single or up to three in inflorescences.
The anthesis lasts two to three days. The flowers are about 2.5 centimeters in diameter with radial symmetry with a double flower envelope. The mostly five, rarely only four sepals are 5 to 7 millimeters long. The five white petals are obovate with a length of 0.8 to 1.3 centimeters.
The small, yellow to yellow-red, egg-shaped, fleshy, smooth fruits with many seeds ripen between September and October. The fruit is about 1.5 inches wide and 3 to 4 inches long. The interior of the fruit is similar to the common kiwi fruit belonging to the same genus , but when ripe it is orange instead of green.
As for most actinidia species, the chromosome number is usually given as a tetraploid set with 2x = 58, but some authors only mention 48. In addition, polyploid clans with 4x = 116 occur.
Differentiation with other species
The Japanese ray pen is distinguishable from other Actinidia species on the fruits without lenticels , the solid, white colored pulp of the woody shoots and the white colored flowers with five petals. Outside the natural range, the similarly cold-tolerant Actinidia kolomikta and Actinidia arguta have been cultivated alongside this species since the 19th century ; these were often confused.
Occurrence
Actinidia polygama grows in China in forests of the mountain forest level, at altitudes of 500 to 1900 meters. In the north of its range, in the Siberian Far East, it occurs almost to sea level, in the subtropical south of China all occurrences are in the mountains. In the south of Japan it reaches altitudes of up to 2000 meters, but on the main island of Honshū it rarely occurs above 900 meters.
use
The Japanese ray pen needs cultivated moist, water-permeable soil and partially shaded to sunny locations. The fast-growing climber provides good privacy protection on fences or trellises. As a fruit plant, it is becoming increasingly popular. Actinidia polygama endured temperatures as low as −18 ° C in the experiment and is therefore much harder to frost than the often grown Actinidia deliciosa
Traditional medicine
The Japanese radiation pen has been used in Asia for centuries for preventive health benefits, is a popular alternative treatment for high blood pressure and arthritis, and has been studied as a cancer treatment . In traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese medicine, it was used for a wide range of health problems, including to stimulate the heart and circulatory system, for rheumatism , cystitis , arthritis, high blood pressure, to lower cholesterol, to protect the liver, for kidney failure, heart ailments and stroke .
In Korean Buddhism , the Japanese ray pen was steeped in traditional Korean sauces and used for polyuria , pain relief, high blood pressure, genital problems and bronchitis .
As the saying goes, "Old, tired travelers come back to life to eat the fruit (of the Japanese ray pen) and then continue their journey."
Leaves of Japanese radiation stylus also have a high content of flavonoids , terpenoids , saponins , beta carotene , vitamin C and vitamin E .
Culinary
The acorn-shaped fruit can be eaten salted or raw, fried in oil, served with rice or served with sesame seeds and mayonnaise in salads. The fruits can also be fermented into fruit wine, matatabi sake , and miso or used for juice production. The leaves, buds and stems can also be ground into powder or steamed and strained to make tea. This can be varied with mint or sugar.
The fruits taste good, especially when unripe, bitter and astringent (astringent) with a peppery note.
Products
The Japanese ray pen is used more coarsely in bath salts . The tendrils are used for handicrafts and the sap is collected for lotions .
The Japanese radiation pen has long been known to trigger a euphoric effect in cats. In Asia it is the most commonly given cat food and therefore sometimes appears as matatabi in mangas . The response is similar to that of catnip but appears to be stronger. Many cats that are immune to catnip react to dried and ground vegetable gall from the fruits of the Japanese ray pen. Typical behaviors include rolling, rubbing your chin and cheeks, drooling, and licking. The effects usually last between five and 30 minutes, and cats seek it again in around 20 to 30 minutes.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jianqiang Li, Xinwei Li, D. Doel Soejarto: Actinidia Lindley Actinidia polygama , p. 339 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 .
- ^ A b c d A. Ross Ferguson, Hongwen Huang: Genetic Resources of Kiwifruit: Domestication and Breeding. In: Horticultural Reviews , Volume 33, 2007.
- ^ Joëlle Chat: Cold Hardiness within the Genus Actinidia. In: HortScience , Volume 30, Issue 2, 1995, pp. 329-332.
- ↑ Konoshima, 1963
- ↑ a b Yuko Yoshizawa, Yoshihiro Fukiya, Yoshikatsu Izumi, Keishi Hata, Jun Iwashita, Noboru Murofushi, Tatsuya Abe: Induction of Apoptosis with an Extract of Actinidia polygama Fruit in the Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line HL-60 . (PDF) In: Journal of Health Science . 48, No. 4, 2002, pp. 303-309. doi : 10.1248 / jhs.48.303 .
- ↑ a b YK Kim, HJ Kang, KT Lee, JG Choi, SH Chung: Anti-inflammation activity of Actinidia polygama . In: Archives of pharmacal research . 26, No. 12, 2003, pp. 1061-6. doi : 10.1007 / bf02994759 . PMID 14723341 .
- ^ H. Sakurai (2005): Hepatoprotective effects of tea and extract powders from Silver Vine leaves. 26th World Congress and Exhibition of the ISF. Poster presentation, Prague, Czech Republic
- ^ H. Sakurai (2005): Antihyperlipemic and antitumor effects of components of matatabi leaves. 26th World Congress and Exhibition of the ISF. Poster presentation, Prague, Czech Republic
- ↑ H. Kim, MJ. Song, D. Potter: Medicinal efficacy of plants utilized as temple food in traditional Korean Buddhism . In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 104, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 32-46. doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2005.08.041 . PMID 16216457 .
- ↑ www.love-nature.jp昔 、 疲 れ き っ た 旅人 が 、 マ タ タ ビ の 実 を 食 べ て 生 気 を を 取 り 戻 し 、 意 意 気 洋 々 と ま た 旅 を 続 け た く く い う け た く の い い た く の い う た く の い
- ↑ TK McGhie, GD Ainge: Color in fruit of the genus Actinidia: Carotenoid and chlorophyll compositions . In: Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry . 50, 2002, pp. 117-121. doi : 10.1021 / jf010677l .
- ^ T. Nagai: Functional Properties of Water Extracts from Fully Ripened Silver Vine [Actinidia polygama (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Planch. Ex Maxim. Berries] Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. In: Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment . 6, No. 3-4, 2008, pp. 11-14. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
- ^ Actinidia polygama at Plants For A Future . Retrieved January 9, 2015.
- ↑ See Episode 8 of Hayate the Combat Butler (Season 2).
- ↑ Sebastiaan Bol: Responsiveness of cats (Felidae) to silver vine (Actinidia polygama), Tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica), valerian (Valeriana officinalis) and catnip (Nepeta cataria) . In: BMC Veterinary Research . March 16, 2017. doi : 10.1186 / s12917-017-0987-6 . PMID 28302120 .
