ad Damir
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Arabic الدامر ad Damir |
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| Coordinates | 17 ° 35 ′ N , 33 ° 58 ′ E | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | Sudan | ||
| Nahr an-Nil | |||
| ISO 3166-2 | SD NO | ||
| Residents | 122,944 (2012) | ||
 Street in the central market area
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Ad-Damir ( Arabic الدامر ad-Dāmir ), alternative spelling Ed Damer (also Ad Damar ), is the capital of the Sudanese state of Nahr an-Nil . It is located on the right bank of the Nile , around 10 kilometers south of Atbara and around 250 kilometers northeast of Khartoum .
population
122,944 inhabitants are given for the Ad-Damir area (2012 calculation).
Population development:
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1973 (census) | 17,086 |
| 1983 (census) | 25,345 |
| 1993 (census) | 50,995 |
| 2012 (calculation) | 122,944 |
history
Ad-Damir is the center of a local Sufi order. The from Morocco coming Sheikh and founder of a brotherhood ( tariqa ) Ahmad ibn Idris (1760-1837) lived a long time in Mecca . Three of his students spread his teachings in different forms in different places in Sudan. One of them, Muhammad al-Majdhub as-Sughayir (1796-1833), settled in Ad-Damir, where his tomb in the city center is still venerated today. His full name is written in a different way: Muhammad bin Ahmad Qamer al-Dīn bin Hamad al-Majdhūb al-Ṣaghīr. Al-Ṣaghīr means "the younger" because at the time of the Funj Sultanate his grandfather Hamad ibn al-Majdhub (1693–1776) had founded the Sufi order called Majdhubiya in the area of ad-Damir. Hamad ibn al-Majdhub gained trust in the population through asceticism, meditation and good relationships with the local clan leaders. For Ad-Damir, this brought self-government, a reputation as an educational center and a place to settle disputes among the clans. The leaders of the order rose to rulers in the area around ad-Damir, their followers remained within the surrounding tribal areas. At the time of the Turkish-Egyptian rule over Sudan, the Majdhubiya fought on the side of the Mahdi against the Egyptians and against the brotherhood of the Khatmiyya, which cooperated with the Egyptians .
The explorer Jean Louis Burckhardt came to ad-Damir in 1812. Sudan had not yet been conquered by Egyptian rulers at that time . Burckhardt mentioned the positive influence that Muhammad al-Majdhub as Faqir el Kebir ( Arabic : "great fakir", an Islamic scholar and healer, called "high priest" by Burckhardt) would exert on social morality. In the nearby towns of Berber and Shendi , he found alcohol and prostitution widespread, except among religious men. Not so in Ad-Damir, as a result of this moderating influence of religion he called prosperity in trade and agriculture.
Carl Ritter described in his standard geographical work from 1822 under the heading The Priest State of Damer summarized: The Großfakir lived on a square in the center of the village in a small square building. Several respected Koran schools ( madrasa ), whose students traveled from far, were set up around a large mosque. There was intensive farming with irrigation by Göpel - bucket wheels ( sakia ), which were driven by oxen and allowed two harvests a year, a duty-free market and thus brisk trade.
The most important caravan route led from here eastwards through the desert and mountains on the Red Sea to the port city of Suakin . This was also the pilgrimage route to Mecca. Burckhardt took the detour via Shendi and Kassala .
Muhammad Madschdhub (1887 / 88–1976, called: Sheikh Muhammad Jalal al-Din), another sheikh of the order, came to ad-Damir at the age of eight. He was one of the first students to receive a Western education from the British in Khartoum. His religious teacher was initially a sheikh of the Tijaniyya order, and he was initiated into the Majdhubiya by his uncle. Muhammad Majdhub taught at the Koran school ( Chalwa ) of ad-Damir. After the government withdrew its support for a secular institution around 1948, he founded his own religious school, which was completed around 1959 but was taken over by the government in the mid-1970s.
economy
The city is on the railway line and the main paved road from Khartoum north to the Egyptian border at Wadi Halfa . Instead of the caravan route, an asphalt road branches off from Atbara to Port Sudan today . At the weekly camel market (Saturdays), herds of camels from the Butana region that are to be transported north are transshipped. There is a smaller market for sheep that are sold by the bedjah . The city is a hub for date production from the north of the country. There are also a few handicraft businesses and canning factories for mangoes , tomatoes and other agricultural products. The larger market for agricultural products and other goods is in Atbara. Both places are connected by regular minibuses.
Cityscape
In contrast to other cities, Ad-Damir has retained a traditional northern Sudanese cityscape. Within a right-angled street plan there are only single-storey rows of buildings with arcades made up of rows of columns or round arches typical in the market area. The houses in the extensive residential areas are made of adobe bricks. There are several mosques spread across the city, and there is also a Koran school.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. World Gazetteer.
- ↑ Hanspeter Mattes: Sudan. In: Werner Ende , Udo Steinbach (ed.): Islam in the present. 5th, updated and expanded edition. Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-53447-3 , p. 490.
- ↑ Ali Salih Karrar: The Sufi Brotherhoods in the Sudan. C. Hurst, London 1992, ISBN 1-85065-111-6 , pp. 168-171: Appendix A: Muhammad al-Majdhub, “the younger”.
- ^ J. Spencer Trimingham: Islam in the Sudan. Oxford University Press, London et al. 1949, p. 224 f. Online at Universal Library .
- ↑ Martin Fitzenreiter: History, Religion and Monuments of the Islamic Period in Northern Sudan. Part II: Islam in Sudan. In: Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin eV No. 7, 1997, ISSN 0945-9502 , pp. 39–53, here p. 49.
- ^ John Lewis Burckhardt : Travels in Nubia. John Murray, London 1819, digitized .
- ↑ Carl Ritter : Geography in relation to nature and human history, or general comparative geography. 2nd greatly increased and improved edition. Reimer, Berlin 1822, p. 543 f. Digitized .
