Black-eared hummingbird

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Black-eared hummingbird
Black-eared hummingbird

Black-eared hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Adelomyia
Type : Black-eared hummingbird
Scientific name of the  genus
Adelomyia
Bonaparte , 1854
Scientific name of the  species
Adelomyia melanogenys
( Fraser , 1840)

The black-eared hummingbird ( Adelomyia melanogenys ) or black-eared nymph is a species of bird in the hummingbird family . The species has a range that includes the countries Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia, and Argentina . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The black-eared hummingbird reaches a body length of about 8.4 cm, with the beak about 13 mm long. They only weigh about 3.8 grams. The dull bronze-green top has a brown cast. A conspicuous black spot on the cheek is bordered by a white stripe behind the eye. The underside is colored dirty white with a yellow-brown tinge. The throat has inconspicuous dark spots. The flanks are brownish. The dark brown tail is speckled with white.

behavior

The black-eared hummingbird is more of a loner. Usually you can see them in the lower strata in the shady bushes near roads or deep in the forest. They change in rapid succession from one flower to another, which they visit regularly (traplining). They prefer the Gesneria family , the red family family and the heather family . Mostly they float in front of the flowers to take in nectar, but they occasionally cling to the flowers. They examine the short flowers or get the nectar from holes in long-flowered plants such as passion flowers , fuchsias and some bromeliads . You never actually see them gathering on flowering trees with other hummingbirds.

Reproduction

They build their nests under fern leaves.

distribution and habitat

They move at heights between 900 and 2500 meters. Here they are in damp to wet cloud forests and the forest edges. Seasonally, they migrate only to a very limited extent or not at all.

Vocalizations

In flight, their call sounds like a rough and very loud drrrt . Occasionally they utter a high-pitched, slightly decreasing series of tsi-ti-tit-tsii-tsii-tsiuw-tsiuw sounds.

Subspecies

Distribution area of ​​the black-eared hummingbird

So far, eight subspecies are known, which differ mainly in their coloration and distribution area. These are:

  • Adelomyia melanogenys cervina Gould , 1872 - This subspecies is common in western and central Colombia.
  • Adelomyia melanogenys connectens Meyer de Schauensee , 1945 - This subspecies occurs in southern Colombia.
  • Adelomyia melanogenys melanogenys ( Fraser , 1840) - The nominate form occurs in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela as far as southern central Peru.
  • Adelomyia melanogenys debellardiana Aveledo & Perez , 1994 - The newest subspecies occurs in the Sierra de Perija in the mountains of western Venezuela.
  • Adelomyia melanogenys aeneosticta Simon , 1889 - This subspecies is common in central and northern Venezuela.
  • Adelomyia melanogenys maculata Gould , 1861 - This subspecies is common in Ecuador and northern Peru.
  • Adelomyia melanogenys chlorospila Gould , 1872 - This subspecies occurs in southeastern Peru.
  • Adelomyia melanogenys inornata ( Gould , 1846) - This subspecies is found in Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.

Etymology and history of research

Louis Fraser described the black-eared hummingbird under the name Trochilus melanogenys . He received the type specimen with a delivery of 18 bellows from Santa-Fé de Bogotá . Only later was the species assigned to the genus Adelomyia , newly introduced by Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte in 1854 . This name is derived from the ancient Greek words " ἄδηλος ádēlos " for "indefinite, unknown" and " μυῖα myía " for "fly". The epithet "melanogenys" is a structure of the Greek words " μέλας melas " (genitive " μέλανος Melanos ") for "black" and " γένυς Genys " for "cheek". "Inornata" comes from the Latin  " inornatus " for "unadorned, simple". "Maculata" has its origin in the Latin " maculatus " for "speckled, blotchy". "Cervina" comes from the Latin " cervinus " for "deer-colored". "Chlorospila" is made up of the ancient Greek " χλωρός chlōrós " for "light green, green-yellow" and " σπῖλος spílos " for "stained, marked". »Aeneosticta« is made up of the Latin » aeneus « for »bronze-colored« and the Greek » στικτός stiktós « for »dotted«. »Connectens« is derived from the Latin » connectere « for »unite, connect«. »Debellardiana« is dedicated to the Venezuelan speleologist Eugenio de Bellard Pietri (1927–2000).

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 0-691-09250-8 .
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy . tape 1 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8720-X .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte: Talleau des Oiseauux_Mouches . In: Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée . tape 6 , 1854, pp. 248-257 ( online [accessed July 26, 2014]).
  • Louis Fraser: Mr. Fraser pointed out the character of several new species of Humming-birds, which have been placed in his hands by Earl of Derby for this purpose, and that they might be exhibited at one of the Society's scientific meetings. In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 8 , no. 86 , 1840, pp. 14–62 ( online [accessed June 28, 2014]).
  • John Gould: On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming-birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 14 , no. 164 , 1846, pp. 85-90 ( online [accessed June 28, 2014]).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 3 , delivery 24. Taylor and Francis, London 1861 ( online [accessed July 26, 2014]).
  • John Gould: Descriptions of three new species of humming birds . In: Annals and Magazine of Natural history including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (=  4 ). tape 10 , 1872, p. 452–453 ( online [accessed July 26, 2014]).
  • Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee: Notes on Colombian Birds . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 97 , 1945, p. 1-16 , JSTOR : 4064377 .
  • Ramón Aveledo Hostos, Luis A. Pérez Chinchilla: Descripcion de nueve subespecies nuevas y comentarios sobre dos especies de aves de Venezuela . In: Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales . tape 44 , no. 148 , 1994, pp. 229-257 .
  • Eugène Simon: Trochilidès observés a San-Esteban . In: Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France. tape 2 , 1889, p. 217–225 ( online [accessed June 28, 2014]).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( online [accessed July 26, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Black-eared Hummingbird ( Adelomyia melanogenys )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Steven Leon Hilty, p. 421.
  2. ↑ a b c Steven Leon Hilty, p. 422.
  3. ^ Robert Sterling Ridgely, p. 267.
  4. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  5. ^ John Gould (1872), p. 453.
  6. ↑ Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, p. 9.
  7. ↑ a b Louis Fraser, p. 18.
  8. ↑ Ramón Aveledo Hostos et al. a., p. 233.
  9. ↑ Eugène Simon, p. 223.
  10. ^ John Gould (1861), plate 199
  11. ↑ Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, p. 45 Here the year of publication, delivery with the plates in A monograph of the Trochilidæ is shown.
  12. ^ John Gould (1872), p. 452.
  13. ^ John Gould (1846), p. 89.
  14. ↑ Louis Fraser, p. 14.
  15. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, p. 253.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 32.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 247.
  18. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 205.
  19. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 236.
  20. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 97.
  21. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 103.
  22. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 33.
  23. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 116.
  24. ↑ Ramón Aveledo Hostos et al. a., p. 234.