Adler pharmacy (Böckingen)
The Adler pharmacy building at Schuchmannstrasse 13 in the Böckingen district of Heilbronn was built in 1905 according to plans by the architect Karl Tscherning for the pharmacist Ernst Gustav Schnitzer in the style of late historicism . The pharmacy opened in 1906 was the first pharmacy in Böckingen. The building stands as a cultural monument under monument protection .
history
In the Middle Ages, when Böckingen still belonged to Heilbronn as an imperial town, the place was included in the health care of the imperial town. When Heilbronn came to Württemberg in 1803 and as a result Böckingen became an independent municipality, the establishment of its own health system was not carried out. There was only one doctor for the poor in Heilbronn who practiced once a week in the (old) town hall, as well as various “ folk doctors ” such as the herbal woman Kätherle or the shepherd Schall, known as Manuel-Uncle . With the creation of the Bismarck social laws in the 1880s, the Heilbronn physician Hermann Naser (* 1858) was appointed district doctor for Böckingen, Horkheim and Klingenberg by the district health authority in Heilbronn . Naser had to settle in Böckingen. However, the recipes prescribed by him still had to be obtained by messengers in Heilbronn.
Initial considerations for the establishment of a pharmacy in Böckingen existed as early as 1896, but were rejected by the Stuttgart Medical College in 1901. The reason for the rejection was the physical proximity of Böckingen to Heilbronn. In addition, Dr. Naser stated that despite a population of over 6,000 people, only small amounts of medication were needed, so that the economic basis of a local pharmacy was doubtful. The Böckinger mayor Adolf Alter drove the pharmacy plans from 1903 against the resistance of the Heilbronn pharmacists and Dr. Naser, so that the government of the Neckar District finally allowed the establishment of a pharmacy in Böckingen on January 3, 1905.
21 pharmacists applied for the pharmacy license from the government of the Neckar District, which awarded the contract to Ernst Gustav Schnitzer (1864–1933) from Weinsberg. Schnitzer had to submit a floor plan and site plan of the new pharmacy to be created within three months of the license being granted. He acquired a residential and commercial building at Frankenbacher Strasse 40 (today: Klingenberger Str. 71), which included two vacant lots on Gartenstrasse (today: Schuchmannstrasse). The rooms in the existing building turned out to be too small for the pharmacy business, so Schnitzer measured the garden parcels as a separate piece of land and had a new building planned there by the architect and later town planning officer Karl Tscherning . The plans were ready in June 1905 and were largely approved, subject to minor changes. Construction of the building lasted from August to December 1905, and the pharmacy opened in January 1906.
The pharmacy was initially only known as the Schnitzer pharmacy . It was given its current name Adler-Apotheke in 1933 under Schnitzer's successor Jakob Markus Michel , who after Schnitzer's death ran the pharmacy for only ten months until his own death. Today one can only speculate about the reasons for the choice of name. The eagle as heraldic animal for pharmacies was extremely popular in 1933, when there were well over 700 Adler pharmacies in the German Reich .
Michael Sauer , a pharmacist from Ulm, followed from 1935 to 1938 . When he withdrew from the lease contract for health reasons, Friedrich Schmutz , provisional agent of the Einhorn pharmacy , took over the Adler pharmacy in 1938.
During the air raid on Böckingen on September 10, 1944, the building was damaged, but operations could continue. After the air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944, the Adler pharmacy also had important supply functions for the Heilbronn core city. Apotheker Schmutz kept the pharmacy operating even during the fighting in the fighting around Heilbronn, although the lease and the concession had expired after the US troops took Böckingen. After the war ended, Schmutz was appointed by the US authorities as custodian . In 1946, the pharmacy was put out to tender, and in the application process that lasted over a year, Schmutz was able to prevail over a large number of competitors. Schmutz managed the pharmacy until he retired in 1954. In 1966 he sold the company and the building to Gisela Friedrich , who had been running the pharmacy since 1962. Ms. Friedrich died in 1974. Her heirs sold the building to the pharmacist Klaus Dürigen from Oschatz , who ran the pharmacy from 1975 to 1994. The pharmacy came from him to the pharmacists Martina Wiegerling and Horst Brück .
description
The building shows stylistic features of both the Art Nouveau , which was prevalent at the time of its construction, and Historicism , which copies various older styles.
The symmetrical facade has three window axes . In the bottom center is that of a segment arc spanned and large-area Neorenaissance framed -elements window over which a central projection forwardly protrudes, in the main floor has a large window. The central projection is crowned by a curved gable, which shows a heraldic cartouche, olive branches and a split shell. All window and door lintels have the same arch shape. The window reveals designed in South German Art Nouveau are repeated on the walls of the entrance door, which is fitted into the right window axis on the ground floor. In terms of interior design, the built-in wooden Art Nouveau wall cupboards that were made in Stuttgart by Karl Meier (monogram: KMST) should be mentioned.
literature
- Manfred Tripps: 100 years of Adler-Apotheke Heilbronn Böckingen 1906–2006. Heilbronn 2005.
- Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Heilbronn district . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 175 .
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 1.8 ″ N , 9 ° 11 ′ 29.8 ″ E