Afrocarpus mannii
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Trunk and leaves of Afrocarpus mannii |
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| ( Hook. F. ) CNPage |
Afrocarpus mannii is a plant from the genus of afrocarpus ( Afrocarpus ) in the family of podocarpaceae (Podocarpaceae). It is endemic to theisland of São Tomé ,which belongs to São Tomé and Príncipe .
description
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Vegetative characteristics
Afrocarpus mannii grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 15 meters. In higher areas this species also grows as crooked wood . The trunk turns into a broad crown . The branches have a more or less square cross-section and their bark is furrowed.
Afrocarpus mannii is only sparsely leafy. The leaves of young plants grow spirally arranged on the branches, are linear-lanceolate with a length of up to 16 centimeters and a width of 0.4 to 0.8 centimeters and have a finely pointed upper end. Fully grown trees also have spirally arranged leaves which are lanceolate in shape with a length of 3 to 8 centimeters and a width of 0.3 to 0.7 centimeters and have a pointed to blunt upper end. These leaves have a conspicuous midrib on the underside and an inconspicuous midrib on the top.
Generative characteristics
Afrocarpus mannii is dioeciously separated sexes (Diözie | diözisch). The kitten-like male cones stand individually on the branches and have a length of 1 to 2 centimeters and a diameter of 0.2 to 0.3 millimeters. The broad triangular microsporophylls are about 1 millimeter in size and each carry two pollen sacs . The seed cones grow on narrow, scaly branches on the leaf axils.
The single seed is surrounded by a pear-shaped, fleshy epimatium , which is 2 to 3 centimeters long. The actual seed is obovate with a length of 1.6 to 2.5 centimeters. The hard seed coat is 4 to 5 millimeters thick.
Occurrence and endangerment
Afrocarpus mannii is endemic on to Sao Tome and Principe belonging island of São Tomé . It only occurs on the Pico de São Tomé volcano at altitudes of 1450 meters to the summit at 2142 meters. It thrives in the high-montane cloud forest . In the summit region it grows as crooked wood.
Afrocarpus mannii is 2011 in the endangered Red List species the IUCN as "Vulnerable" = "endangered" classified. Since this species only occurs in this single area (smaller than 25 km²), the population is clearly endangered by volcanic activity, fire and storms. Nevertheless, in the IUCN report, the main risk reason given is logging in the lower-lying areas of the single area . Since almost the entire population is in a protected area, it is regarded as stable.
Taxonomy
It was first described as Podocarpus mannii in 1864 by William Jackson Hooker in Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany , Volume 7, page 218. The specific epithet mannii honors the plant collector Georg Mann , who collected the species . Christopher Nigel Page transferred this species to the genus Afrocarpus in Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh , Volume 45, Page 384 in 1988 . Further synonyms for Afrocarpus mannii (Hook.) CNPage are Decussocarpus mannii (Hook.) De Laub. and Nageia mannii (Hook.) Kuntze .
use
The high quality wood from Afrocarpus mannii is used for construction work, although trees of a suitable size are rarely found. In some areas of the Ivory Coast and Cameroon , Afrocarpus mannii is planted as natural shade and as a windbreak in coffee plantations and on village squares.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Afrocarpus mannii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, February 28, 2019, accessed on May 20, 2019 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Christopher J. Earle: Afrocarpus mannii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, February 28, 2019, accessed on May 20, 2019 (English).
- ↑ a b c d Afrocarpus mannii in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.1. Listed by: A. Farjon, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- ↑ a b Afrocarpus mannii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on April 12, 2015.
